Bio 100 Quiz 2

During ____, sister chromatics separate and get pulled to opposite sides of the cell A) Anaphase B) Metaphase C) Telophase D) Prophase E) Interphase

A

During meiosis, in anaphase 1, ___ separate and in anaphase 2, _ separate A. homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids B. siter chromatids, homologous chromosomes C. Haploid cells, diploid cells D. homozygous chromosomes, heterozygous chromosomes E. recessive alleles, dominant alleles

A

In diploid organisms (like humans) 1 set of chromosomes comes from each parent. If the genetic information as a particular gene is the same on both chromosome of a homologous pair, the individual is _____. If the genetic information differs between the homologous pair at a particular gene, the individual is _______. A) Homozygous; heterozygous B) homologous; heterozygous C) heterozygous, homozygous D) Diploid; haploid E) A twin; genetically unique

A

The rna complexes that translate the mRNA transcript and build proteins are called A. Ribosomes B. Mitochondria C. Splicosomes D. Lisomeres E. Chormatofores

A

When Mendel crossed a homozygous recessive plant with a homozygous dominant plant, the offspring had what genotype? (Hint. Draw a Punnett square) A) Heterozygous Genotype B) HOmozygous Dominant Genotype C) Homozygous recessive genotype D) A mixture of homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive genotypes E) A mixture of homozygous dominant and heterozygous genotypes

A

Which female scientist's work in x-ray crystallography first suggested that DNA had the shape of a helix? A) Rosaline Franklin B) Janine Watson C) Martha Chase D) Francine Crick E) Racquel Peterman

A

In cancer, unregulated cell division leads to tumor growth. The main difference between a malignant tumor and benign tumor is: A) A benign tumor is encapsulated by healthy cells and a malignant tumor is not. B) A benign tumor is larger than a beayte tumor but smaller than a beten tumor. C) A malignant tumor is not dangerous, but a benign tumor is often fatal. D) In a malignant tumor, tumor suppressor genes are functional but in a benign tumor, only proto-oncogenes are functioning. E) Benign tumor are inherited and malignant tumors are caused by cellular damage.

A) A benign tumor is encapsulated by healthy cells and a malignant tumor is not.

In eukaryotes after transcription non coding sections of the rna transcript called ____ are removed leaving only ____ A. Exides, insides B. Interrims, extras C. Amino acids, proteins D. Introns, exons E. Nucleotides, codons

D

About ___ of rhe human genome is made up of coding DNA, which means it is actually used to produce a protein product A. 1% B. 10% C. 25% D. 50% E. 90%

B

Before the Mehelson-Stahl experiment there were 3 hypothetical ways DNA could have been replicated. Now we know that parent strands separate and each is used as template to build a new daughter strand. This pattern of replication is called A. conservative B. semi conservative C. Dispersive D either dispersive or semi conservative depending on the pH and type of the cell E. Either dispersive or conservative depending on the organism

B

DNA molecules are polymers (macromolecules) composed of what monomers? A) protein subunits B) nucleotides C) cell surface markers D) phospholipids E) mRNA transcripts

B

During DNA replication ___ unwinds the DNA parent strands ____ copies the DNA and ____ binds fragments of replicated DNA together A. Seperase, DNA prometarase, DNA conecterase B. Helacase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase C. DNA ravalase, DNA replacase, DNA regonderase D. DNA polymerase. DNA replacase, DNA conecterase RNA polymerase, DNA polymerase? NRA polymerase

B

In his experiment with mutant fruit flies, T. H. Morgan found that expression of eye color was dependent on sex, and that sex was determined by the X and Y chromosomes present in the fly. This discovery lead him to conclude that: A) DNA plays no role in determining eye color of fruit flies B) Only male fruit flies can dance. I mean really dance, you know? C) The genes that determine fruit fly eye color are carried on chromosomes D) Mendel was completely wrong about inheritance E) Female humans have 2 Y chromosomes

C

In humans, gametes are _ and __ and somatic cells are A. haploid, tripoloid B. diploid, diploid C. Haploid, diploid D. triploid, haploid E. haploid, haploid

C

In the crazy, hallucinatory world that your instructor comities seems to live in, armadillos talk. In talking armadillos, having a southern accent is caused by a dominant allele (T) and having a Boston accent is caused by a recessive allele (t). If an armadillo who is heterozygous for the accent trait has a child with an armadillo who has a Boston accent, what is the probability their child will have a Boston accent? (Hint. Draw a punnett square) A) 100% B) 75% C) 50% D) 25% E) 0%

C

Durin which stage of mitosis do replicated chromosomes condense and become visible? A. interphase B. anaphase C. telophase D. Prophase E. Metaphase

D

The DNA molecule is shaped like _____ which we refer to as ______. A) a circle; chromosome B) a single strand of yarn; a braided rope configuration C) a stack of boxes; a stack of boxes D) a spiral staircase; a double helix E) a clover; a triple lutz

D

The genetic content of an organism is called its _____, while the physical expression of those genes is called the ______. A) Phenotype; genotype B) Haplotype; diplotype C) Appearance; inheritance D) Genotype; Phenotype E) Genealogy; phrenology

D

The live (R) bacteria actually cause a second, different disease in the mice Hershey and Chase tagged the DNA of viruses with radioactive phosphorus, and their protein coasts with radioactive sulfur. When the viruses were allowed to infect bacteria, what did they find? A) Both radioactive isotopes had been transferred to the bacteria B) Neither radioactive phosphorus nor sulfur was transferred to the bacteria C) Radioactive sulfur was present in the bacterial nucleus D) Only radioactive phosphorous had been transferred into the bacteria E) The radioactive isotopes killed the viruses

D

In eukaryotes rearranging the coding sections of the mRNA transcript allows production of many different protein types from a single gene. This process Is called? A. Random selection B. Selective translation C. Independent assortment D. Alternating expression E. Alternative splicing

E

In the human blood type, the Rh factor is controlled by a single gene. If a person is Rh positive, it means: A) that person has at least one copy of dominant Rh+ allele B) that person has Rh proteins expressed on the surface of their red blood cells C) that person could be heterozygous or homozygous for the Rh+ allele D) that person could have A, B, AB or O blood type E) all of the above

E

In the tropical Antarctic flowering shrub known as the sneaky-ninja moonpansy, when red-flowered plants are crossed with white-flowered plants, all of the offspring are pink-flowered plants. This type of inheritance can be best described as: A) Sex-linked traits B) Inconvenient articulation C) Dominant and Recessive traits D) Codominance E) Incomplete Dominance

E

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence CATAGCTA it's commentary strand will have the sequence A: CAGCTGGC B: ATTGATCC C: CCTAGTTA D: GTATCGAT E: it depends on whether this is prokaryotic or eukaryotic DNA

d

Foxes, cats and rabbits have enzymes that are heat sensitive, causing a seasonal variation in coat color due to temperature. This is an example of a trait that is influenced by: A) multiple alleles B) an environment effect C) pleiotropy D) incomplete dominance E) Predator selection

B

In genetics, the phenomenon known as independent assortment reverts to; A) random meeting of an egg and sperm B) The random orientation of homologous chromosomes during Metaphase 1 C)The predetermined final location of chromosomes during Telophase 2 D) Whether sexual or asexual reproduction will occur

B

In the human ABO blood grouping, there are four basic blood types, Type A, Type B, Type AB, and Type O. The alleles that code for blood proteins A and B are: A) dominant and recessive traits B) codominant C) sex-linked traits D) incompletely dominant E) just what a growing vampire needs

B

Sexual reproduction results in genetic recombination in the offspring because of all the following except: A. exchange of parts between non sister chromatids during meiosis B. separation of sister chromatids during mitosis C. random fertilization of an ova by a sperm D. independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis E. non of the above

B

The average cabbage plant has 18 chromosomes in its diploid somatic cells. If a cabbage reproduces sexually, how many chromosomes would be in its haploid gamete? A) 2 B) 9 C) 18 D) 36 E) 3.14159

B

What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle? A) The cell stops growing and get ready for mitosis B) The DNA is replicated C) Chromosomes condense. becoming visible under a light microscope D) Sister chromatids are joined together by the synaptic complex E) Sister chromosomes separate in sequence

B

When Mendel began his experiments on pea plants, he noticed that when white flowered plants were self-polinated, they always produced white-flowered offspring. He called these "true-breeding" varieties. Today, we refer to these plants as being: A) Heterozygous B) Homozygous C) Homogenous D) Homohabilis E) Heterochromatin

B

You look int the microscope and see chromosomes line dup with their centromeres along the equatorial plane of a cell. You conclude the cell is in A Anaphase B Metaphase C Telophase D Propahse E Interphase

B

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange part between non sister chromatids. What is this process called? A. Crossing chromatids B sword fighting C. Corssing over D. Cytokenisis E. recombinant gene exchange

C

In cells___ act to decrease or turn off gene expression while __ act to turn on or increase gene expression, A. Dilimters, promoters B. Gofasters, dolessers C. Repressors, activators D. Downers, uppers E. Depressors, stimulators

C

In eukaryotes transcription takes place ___ and translation takes place __ A. Cytoplasm, at the ribosomes B. At the Golgi complex, in the extra cellular matrix C. Inside the nucleus, at the ribosomes D. In the mitochondria, in the chloroplasts E. Constantly, intermittently

C

In germ line cells that undergo meiosis, replication of DNA occurs: A. twice; once before meiosis one and again before meiosis two B. only after meiosis 1 is complete C. Only during interphase before meiosis one starts D. During prophase one E. DNA replication never happens in cells that undergo meiosis

C

In the rarely seen, but beautifully feathered, blue bellied Colombian snow turtle, the Spikey head allele (S) is dominant over the Smooth head allele (s). If two smooth headed snow turtles mated, their offspring would have: (Draw a punnett square) A) All spiky heads B) Half spiky heads, half smooth heads C) All smooth heads D) Heads that have spikes on only one side E) Heads with one great big spike right in the middle

C

In which cell type would the completion of a new cell wall signal the end of cytokinesis? A) Salamander B) Amoeba C) Pine Tree D) Jellyfish E) None of these. Cell walls only exist in your mind; free your mind dude!

C

Which of the following does NOT happen during telaphase? A. Chromosomes begin to unwind B. A new nuclear membranes begin to form C. Th emitotic spindle pulls sister chromatids apart D. The cell begins to divide in half E A cell plate begins to form

C

Which of the following is not correct about mutations? A. Mutations are usually caught stand corrected during DNA replication B. A point mutation changes the nucleotide sequence of a gene C. A mutation in the somatic cell will be passed on to subsequent generations D. Most mutations are harmful E. Some mutations remove nucleotides from a gene

C

Within an organism, if a single trait (height, eye color, etc) is determined by multiple genes, that trait is referred to as: A) Recessive B) Dominant C) Polygenic D) Pleiotropic E) Polywannacracker

C

Which of the following is incorrect about the cell cycle in prokaryotes? A. Prokaryotes divide through the process called binary fission? B. The prokaryotes chromosome is copied before cell division C. Some prokaryotic cells must exchange gametes before cell division can occur D. The prokaryotic cell cycle consists of interphase, mitosis, and cytogenesis E After prokaryotic cell division, the daughter cells are genetically identical to eachother

C. Some prokaryotic cells must exchange gametes before cell division an occur

After DNA replication, each chromosome consists of identical DNA copies called _________ that are joined at the ________ A) Homologous chromosomes; kinetochore B) Sister chromosomes, spindle fibers C) Homozygous genes; chromatids D) Sister chromatids; centromere E) Analogous chromosomes; centennials

D

Biochemist Erwin Chargaff found that in DNA there was a special relationship between individual bases (purines and pyrimidines) that we now refer to as Chargaffs rule. His observation was that: A) Cytosine = Thymine and Adenine = Guanine B) Adenine + Thymine = Cytosine + Guanine C) Guanine and Thymine combine to form Cytosine D) Adenine = Thymine and Guanine = Cytosine E) Uracil changes to Thymine when exposed to heat

D

During gene expression the dna sequence is read three nucleotides at a time we refer to each 3 nucleotides sequence as a what? A. Codix B. Orderon C. Nucleocode D. Codon E. Amino code

D

During gene expression what enzyme DNA into an rna transcript? A. Rna polymerase B. DNA ligase C. Reverse transcriptase D. Rna translatase E. None of the above

D

During prokaryotic gene expression, transcription and translation take place A. In average organelles B. In the nucleus C. Outside the cell D. At the same time E. Silly teacher translation only happens in eukaryotic cells

D

Human height shows continuous variation from the very short to the very tall. Height is most likely controlled by: A) Epistatic genes B) Wrangle genes C) Sex-linked genes D) Multiple genes E) Gene mutations

D

In humans, during meiosis, ____ cells are formed and after meiosis 2 ____ cells result A. two diploid, 6 monoploid B. 2 haploid, 3 diploid C. 4 diploid, 4 haploid D. 2 haploid, 4 diploid E. 4 polyploid, 8 diploid

D

When Griffith injected mice with a mixture of dead, pathogenic (S) bacteria and live, non-pathogenic (R) bacteria, the mice died because: A) Some key RNA sequences passed from the live (R) bacteria to the dead (S) bacteria, bringing them back to life B) Tiny little pieces of death snuck out of the dead (S) bacteria and killed the mice C) The dead, virulent (S) bacteria weren't entirely dead, but mostly dead, so they were still able to kill the mice completely dead D) Some of the live (R) bacteria took in DNA from the dead (S) and were "transformed" in pathogenic (S) bacteria

D

Which of the following is correct about DNA replication A. The lagging strand is replicated in one continued piece B. RNA polymerase adds nucleotides in the 3-5 direction C. DNA mistacarase removes misplaced nucleotides before adding primers to each molecules D. The DNA parent strands unwind and separate and the replication fork E. DNA replication takes place in the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cells

D

Which of the following is not a type of rna utilized during eukaryotic gene expression? A. T rna B. r rna C. M rna D. D rna E. None of the above

D

Which of the following shows the terms of gene expression in the correct order from start to finish? A. Gene, amino acid chain, protein, mRNA, ribosome B. mRNA, ribosome, gene, protein, amino acid chain C. Ribosome, amino acid chain, gene, mRNA, protein D. Gene, mRNA, ribosome, amino acid chain, protein E. Protein, amino acid chain, ribosome, gene, mRNA

D

Which two scientists are credited with deducing and modeling the true structure of DNA? A) Martha Chase and Frederick Griffith B) James Bailey and Phinneus T. Barnum C) Frederick Frankenstein and Frau Blucher D) James Watson and Francis Crick E) Nicolai Volta and James Watt

D

Chromosomes are composed of DNA wrapped around proteins called ________ A. centrioles B. chromatids C. centromeres D. histones E. kinectochores

D. histones

Which of the following is NOT correct about prokaryotes aka bacteria A. they can reproduce through mitotic division B. The prokaryotic chromosome consists of a circular, continuous molecules of DNA C. Prokaryote DNA consists of the same nucleotide bases (A, T, G, C as eukaryotic DNA D. Replication of prokaryotic DNA occurs in the nucleus E. When a prokaryotic cell reaches an appropriate size it divides into two equal halves

D. replication of prokaryotic DNA occurs in the nucleus

Collectively, the Griffith, Avery and Hershey-Chase experiments demonstrated that: A) Genes are located in the proteins of the chromosomes B) Enzymes act as catalysts within the cells C) Prokaryote DNA is much simpler than eukaryote DNA D) Viruses are the smallest unit of life E) DNA is the molecule of heredity

E

Down syndrome in humans is caused by a chromosomal nondisjunction meiosis. Humans with Down syndrome show what chromosomal anomaly in their somatic cells? A) 2 X chromosomes (XX offspring) B) an X chromosome paired with a Y chromosome (XY chromosome) C) Monosomy 23 (one copy of chromosome #23) D) Three X chromosomes ( XXX movie star) E) Trisomy 21 (three copies of chromosome #21)

E

During his early experiments in genetics, Gregor Mendel hypothesized that offspring inherit "factors" from their parents and those factors produce alternative forms of characteristics (e.g. blonde hair vs. brown hair). Today we know these factors as ______, and we call the different forms _________. A) DNA; RNA B) Chromosomes; Chromatids C) Gametes; zygotes D) Genetics; phonetics E) Genes; alleles

E

In cancer, nonfunctional regulatory genes allow uncontrolled division of cells. This can result from which of the following? A) Changes in the DNA code B) Exposure to toxic chemicals C) UV radiation causing damage to the DNA strands D) Viral DNA inserted into a normally functional gene E) All of the above

E

Mendel bred plants of a dominant phenotype but unknown genotype with homozygous recessive plants to determine the unknown plant's genotype. This procedure is called: A) A right cross B) Dihybrid cross C) Monohybrid cross D) A true breeding cross E) A Testcross

E

Organisms within the kingdom animalia (animals) are capable of producing offspring through which type of reproduction A. sexual only B. binary fission only C, asexual only D. budding only E. sexual and asexual

E

The proper sequence for the stages of mitosis (beginning to end) is: A) Telophase - Anaphase - Metaphase - Prophase B) Anaphase - Prophase - Telophase - Metaphase C) Prophase - Anaphase - Metaphase - Telophase D) Metaphase - Anaphase - Telophase -Prophase E) Prophase - Metaphase - Anaphase - Telophase

E

Which of the following does not happen during interphase? A. Chromosomes are unraveled and accessible to enzyme s B. The DNA of each chromosome is copies C. Cells grow in preparation for cell division D. Organelles lost during cytogenesis are replaced E. All of these happen during interphase

E

Which of the following, is not a difference between meiosis and mitosis in humans? A) Meiosis takes place in 2 cycles, while mitosis takes place in a single cycle B) Meiosis results in a haploid daughter cells while mitosis results in diploid daughter cells C) Gametes are formed through meiosis while somatic cells are produced through mitosis D) Homologous chromosomes exchange sections during meiosis, but not during mitosis E) All of the above

E

Which of the followings CORRECT about a human individual's chromosomes? A. homologous chromosomes are always genetically identical to each other B. In each homologous pair, one chromome originated from each parent C. Humans missing a chromosome usually do not survive embryonic development D. The cinematic virtual arrangement of chromatids is called a karayant E. both c and b are correct

E

Which type of mutation has the most potential to influence the evolutionary direction of a species? A. A mutation that causes the death of a single organism B. A mutation that causes a clam to grow legs hop on a bus and travel upstate ny where it starts a fraudulent hedge firm and critically damages he financial state of Detroit C. A mutation that causes a reading frame shift in an organisms kidney cell D. Any mutation within any organisms somatic cells E. A mutation within an organisms germ line cells

E

The cell cycle refers to the life stages that cell goes through. Which of the following does not happen dying the cll cycle of a normal human skin cell. A. growth B. DNA replication C. Gene expression D. Cell divison E. All of the above

E. all of the above