bio 101 cellular respiration mastering

Most bats are inactive during the day (this is known as torpor) and feed during the night. The graph below shows hypothetical data for a bat species. Why does the relationship between metabolic rate and temperature exist?

A by-product of cellular respiration is heat.

Which of the following processes produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized?

aerobic respiration

Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration.

glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain

Where does glycolysis occur in a eukaryotic cell?

in the cytoplasmic fluid

The mitochondrial cristae are an adaptation that

increases the space for more copies of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase complexes.

When a car engine burns gasoline, the results of the reaction are similar to when cells burn glucose. Both reactions release carbon dioxide and water. In cells, the chemical energy in food is converted to ATP and heat. In a moving car, the chemical energy in gasoline is converted to __________.

kinetic energy and heat

A muscle cell deprived of molecular oxygen will convert glucose to lactic acid to __________.

recycle NADH through fermentation

During glycolysis, a molecule of glucose is partially oxidized. What is the net gain of ATP and NADH for each glucose molecule during this chemical pathway?

2 ATP and 2 NADH

What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy

Which of the following best describes the electron transport chain?

Electrons pass from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step.

The antibiotic oligomycin works by inhibiting ATP synthase. You would expect that

H+ will accumulate in the intermembrane space.

In the absence of oxygen, cells need a way to regenerate which compound?

NAD+

As shown below, an electron carrier, such as __________, acts as an energy-storage molecule when it is __________.

NADH ... reduced

At the end of the citric acid cycle, most of the energy remaining from the original glucose is stored in

NADH.

During fermentation, __________ that was produced during glycolysis is converted back to __________.

NADH; NAD+

Part complete Consider the figure below. __________ is to a mitochondrion as __________ is to a chloroplast.

O2....CO2

What molecule is indicated by the letter D?

Oxygen

What is the ultimate fate of the electrons that are stripped from glucose during cellular respiration?

They are used to form water.

Which statement describes the citric acid cycle?

This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.

Which statement describes glycolysis?

This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

Which statement describes the electron transport chain?

This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration.

A small amount of ATP is made in glycolysis _____.

by the transfer of a phosphate group from a fragment of glucose to ADP (substrate-level phosphorylation

What process occurs within Box B?

citric acid cycle

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?

conversion of glucose to two three-carbon compounds

As a scientist employed by the FDA, you've been asked to sit on a panel to evaluate a pharmaceutical company's application for approval of a new weight loss drug called Fat Away. The company has submitted a report summarizing the results of their animal and human testing. In the report, it was noted that Fat Away works by affecting the electron transport chain. It decreases the synthesis of ATP by making the mitochondrial membrane permeable to H+, which allows H+ to leak from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix. This effect leads to weight loss. Fat Away prevents ATP from being made by

eliminating the H+ gradient that allows ATP synthase to work.

What process occurs in Box A?

glycolysis

Which of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?

glycolysis

Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

glycolysis

Recent data presented in the Scientific Thinking module suggests that heat-generating brown fat is most active in __________.

lean people exposed to cold temperatures

In cellular respiration, glucose _____ electrons, whereas _____ electrons.

loses ... oxygen gains

A molecule that functions as the electron donor in a redox reaction __________.

loses electrons and becomes oxidized

In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?

mitochondrion

Some friends are trying to make wine in their basement. They've added yeast to a sweet grape juice mixture and have allowed the yeast to grow. After several days they find that sugar levels in the grape juice have dropped, but there's no alcohol in the mixture. The most likely explanation is that the

mixture needs less oxygen because yeasts only produce alcohol in the absence of oxygen.

In the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is

oxygen.

In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are passed from one electron carrier to another. The energy released is used to __________.

pump protons (H+) across the mitochondrial membrane

The end products of the citric acid cycle include all of the following except

pyruvate.

Where do the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?

the mitochondrion

Rotenone is a poison commonly added to insecticides. Rotenone binds tightly with one of the electron carrier molecules in the electron transport chain, preventing electrons from passing to the next carrier molecule. Insects exposed to rotenone will die because

they will no longer be able to produce adequate amounts of ATP.