Bio 101 final

Nitrogen has seven protons, seven neutrons, and seven electrons. What is the atomic mass of nitrogen?

14

If a segment of double-stranded DNA has 20 percent adenine (A), how much of it is cytosine (C)r

30 peecent

If a plant has a total of 18 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would be present in each of its gametes

36

An allele is

A version of a gene

Which of the following is either consumed or synthesized in virtually every cellular reaction?

ATP

An acid is a polar substance that dissolves in water and

Accepts hydrogen ions from solutions

Which of the following statements is true of proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids?

All of these molecules are primarily used as energy-storage molecules.

The function of genes is to control the production of

All protiens

The hypothesis that there is a common ancestor to all living organisms is strengthened by what observation

Almost all cells in all living organisms use DNA to direct thier structure, fuction and behavior.

When determining whether a claim about a new cleansing juice diet is scientific or pseudoscientific, which of the following is NOT a helpful question to ask yourself?

Are there a lot of people, including celebrities, endorsing the product as a healthy weight-loss method?

Which of the following types of organisms are single-celled (unicellular)?

Bacteria

Most human genetic characters are

Controled by more than one gene

Atoms in a single molecule of methane, CH., share electrons. Methane is formed by bonds joining atoms

Covalent, 5

The first law of thermodynamics states that

Energy can not be created or destroyed

The energy required for life processes must be extracted from an organism's

Enviorment

Which of the following is a part of accepted cell theory?

Every living organism is composed of one or more cells, and all living cells arise from preexisting cells.

In a strand of double-stranded DNA, cytosine (C) will always be bound with

G

If a strand of DNA has the sequence CGTAA, the RNA made from this molecule will have the sequence

GCAUU.

If one strand of DNA has the sequence CGATT. the sequence of the other strand of the same molecule wiil be

GCTAA.

Mendel used

Garden pees

Which of the following statements regarding genes is NOT true?

Genes are found as single copies in cells other than sperm or egg

The three stages of cellular respiration (in order) are

Glycolysis, the krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation

A given enzyme

Has a special site

Rick herbal drugs

Has this herbal supplement been studied in a elinical trial by trained medical proffesionals

The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by bonds between their base pairs.

Hydrogen

Which of the following pairs of processes encompasses the entire cell cycle?

Interphase, and metaphase

Sodium chloride (table salt) is formed when positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chloride ions are chemically attracted to each other. This attraction is best described as a(n)

Ionic bonds

Which of the following would NOT be a situation where your own scientific literacy would be helpful in decsion making?

Is the space travel in Star Wars really possible?

A scientific hypothesis must be constructed with which of the following characteristics?

It provides a reasonable explanation to a question and is consistent with current observations; it must also be testable and falsifiable.

Chromosomes that are NOT involved in determining gender are known as

Linked

Because an individual with an XX genotype is a female, is an individual with an XO (no second sex chromosome) a male?

No because the Y

Is it important for scientists to communicate their results to fellow scientists?

No. There is no reason for scientists to communicate their results to fellow scientists. Yes. The quality and accuracy of the scientific work can be enhanced by input, further review, and possibly even repetition by other scientists working in the same field.

The genetic material found in all living things is made of building blocks called

Nucleotoids

Developing a scientific understanding of a natural phenomenon typically begins by

Obeserving a quantifiable natural phenomonon

W hat would be the initial outcome of decreasing the number of photosynthetic organisms on Earth with no change in the number of organisms using cellular respiration?

Oxygen would increase

A chart that shows genetic relationships within a family over several generations.

Pedigre chart

Hydrogen and oxygen atoms are held together within an individual water molecule by bonds.

Polar covalent

The bonds connecting the atoms in the molecule below are bonds

Polar,hydrogen

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to

Produce many copies of a selected DNA sequence

Damaged DNA may be repaired by a special class of

Protienss

Glycolysis is an anaerobic process, indicating that the glycolytic reactions

Requires no oxygen

A solid waste facility

Rough ER

What are the stages of interphase?

S, G, and G;

In humans, the "master sex switch" that determines whether an embryo will become a male is the

SYR Gene

Which of the following statements about the process of science is accurate

Science is a systematic method of procedures designed to answer questions by evaluating evidence.

DNA technology can be used with all organisms because they all

Share the same DNA structure

DNA technology can be used with all organisms because they all

Share the same chemical DNA structure

Which of the following must be true for a woman who is heterozygous for a given gener

She carries a rare mutation.

The Golgi apparatus

Sorts protiens

Which of the following could be built solely from glucose molecules?

Starch

A disaccharide consists of two

Sugars

Photosynthetic organisms capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical bonds by forming

Sugars

Which of the following is true of transcription?

The DNA molecule must unwind

The outcome of meiosis is the

The creation of genetically identical offspring

Why did Mendel analyze thousands of plants while conducting his research?

The likely hood of seeing a pattern increased

Which of the following would be a positive consideration when evaluating a researcher's expertise regarding a particular scientific claim?

The researcher has a PhD, MD, or at least an MS and years of experience in the field in which he or she is making a scientific claim.

Which of the following statements is true?

The scientific method or process can help people make informed medical and environmental decisions.

ln making her morning tea, Dorothy drops a sugar cube into the hot water. She stirs the mixture but no longer sees the sugar cube at the bottom of her mug. In this scenario, the sugar is

The solvent

The real cause of increasing autism prevalonce?

There is a strong correlation between the number of individuals diagnosed with autism and the sale/consumption of organic food between 1998 and 2007.

Which of the following statements is true of chloroplasts?

They capture energy from the sun

Why would hydrophilic substances such as sodium ions (Na"), hydrogen ions (H"), sugars, and amino acids be unable to simply diffuse across a plasma membrane?

They do not readily mix with the hydrophobic tails forming the core of the phospholipid bilayer; therefore, they must move across by facilitated diffusion.

The sequence of DNA differs among individuals within a species. This is the reason for

Variations in phenotype

Oil and water do not mix well because

Water is polar and oil is non polar

Your own scientific literacy would NOT be helpful in answering which of the following questions?

Which movie should I watch this weekend?

The sex of a human child is determined by the

Y chromosome

Which of the following genetic changes would NOT be passed from parent to child?

a translocation in a gamete

In living systems, a critical component of many reactions is

carbon dioxide.

The enzyme rubisco is important to the process of

carbon fixation.

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are primarily distinguished by the absence or presence of internal

cell walls.

Homologous chromosomes

consist of a maternal and paternal copy of each chromosome.

When a cell divides, it

copies its own genetic information

Two copies of the same gene on a single chromosome would indicate a ____had occurred.

duplication

The subatomic particles that possess a single negative charge and surround the nucleus are the

electrons.

Carbon is an example of a(n)

element.

A scientist wishing to generate cancerous cells in vitro could subject the cells to which of the following procedures?

expose cells to chemicals that disrupt mitosis

because gh it seems contradictory, real science does not intend to "prove" a hypothesis to be true. This is

future experiments or discoveries may provide data that refutes the hypothesis.

Mutations will affect the

genotype, which may affectt the phenotype

Ionic bonds whereas covalent bonds form between the same two elements

hold together oppositely charged atoms; hold together atoms that share electrons

When scientist generate a single informed, logical and plausible explanation for a question and observation of the natural world they are proposing a scientific

hypothosis

Protein-coding genes specify the production of as their immediate product.

mRNA

Chromosomes are lined up at the middle of the cell during the portion of cell division.

metaphase

During the process of water diffuses across a semipermeable membrane from an area where water is more concentrated to an area where water is less concentrated (it moves along the water concentration gradient).

osmosis

Living cells have an intact phospholipid bilayer that separates the cell from its external environment; this structure is commonly referred to as the

plasma membrane.

What part of a nucleotide accounts for the genetic variation between individuals?

polymerase

A Punnett square is used to

predict the genotypes and phenotypes of a genetic cross.

Experimentation is the primary, but not only, means used to verify or refute the made by a hypothesis.

predictions

Ribosomes are very small nonmembranous organelles that can either exist freely in the cytoplasm or be embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell. They are associated with the synthesis of

proteins.

In photosynthesis, the carbon used to make sugars is

provided by carbon dioxide.

The capture and use of energy by living organisms involves numerous chemical reactions. Collectively these processes are known as

respiration.

Once supported by a predictable experimental outcome, a scientific hypothesis

still cannot be considered to have been proven true.

Which RNA molecule brings new amino acids to the growing protein chain in translation?

tRNA

In humans, X-linked genetic diseases

tend to be expressed more in males than in females.

A scientific hypothesis must be ; if not, science cannot evaluate it.

testable

In Mendel's controlled mating experiments, the individuals produced by crossing two true-breeding parents are refgerd to as?

the Fi generation.

In science, when a hypothesis through time, it can be developed into a or group of hypotheses supported by repeated experimental evidence holds true

theory.

bonds. Prokaryotes lack membrane-enclosed organelles and thus do not have nuclei. Therefore, prokaryotic

transcription and translation both take place in the cytoplasm.

Which of the following does NOT take place in the nucleus?

translation

Whenever we we are proceeding scientifically.

try to solve a problem by systematically evaluating the plausibility of various solutions

Which of the following is NOT a base found in DNA?

uracil

Which of the following would be likely to move through a plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

water (H,O), carbon dioxide (CO,), and oxygen (O)