Bio 101 Final Units 5-8

Carrie would like to observe the cilia on the surface of a live paramecium—a single-celled organism. The best device to do this would be a

light microscope

The increased efficiency of fishing has led to

loss of biodiversity in fish and other species

Desertification and deforestation are similar in that both involve

loss of plant and animal life in an area

Refer to the figure. Which of the following is true regarding the labeled plasma membrane?

Parts W and Z are hydrophilic

________ is the study of the structure and function of cellular proteins and their interactions; ________ may be employed to use computer algorithms to aid this process.

Proteomics; bioinformatics

Which of the following is not a benefit of biodiversity?

biological magnification

Mitochondria are found in

both plant cells and animal cells

Which two terrestrial biomes are the most similar with regards to rainfall?

desert; taiga

During crossing-over,

enetic material is exchanged between nonsister chromatids, resulting in new combinations of alleles.

Most of the world's freshwater supply is used for

irrigating crops

Deforestation may contribute toward climate change because

loss of trees disrupts the carbon cycle, limiting the amount that is absorbed by plants, and increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Chromosomes are made from

condensed chromatin

Plant cells have plasmodesmata that

connect the cytoplasm of one cell with that of another

Which of the following would have the greatest influence in creating a more sustainable urban society?

decreasing the amount of land that is altered in order to accommodate human desires (new homes, factories, agriculture, etc.)

While Jeff was looking under the microscope at cells in different stages of mitosis, he commented on the fact that many cells were in the same stage. If you were looking under the compound light microscope at an onion root tip, in what stage of the cell cycle would the majority of the cells be?

interphase

Which of the following organelles would form a membrane-bound package, also known as a vesicle?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplast?

It converts light energy into chemical energy

In which ways does overfishing lead to decreased biodiversity?

It depletes fish that feed on some species and serve as food sources for other species, leading to the eradication of some species and the overpopulation of others

Which of the following is not a property of water?

It is denser when frozen than when liquid

Most skeletal muscles contain ________.

a mixture of fiber types

Muscle tone is ________.

a state of sustained partial contraction

Forests help to regulate the global climate by

absorbing carbon dioxide

A cell being observed under a microscope has a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, and chromosomal material that is not found in a nucleus. Based on this information, the cell could be a

bacterial cell

A karyotype shows chromosomes arranged by

banding patterns, size, and shape

Without receptor proteins, a cell would not be able to

bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both

contain DNA

Which of the following methods may help conserve water by reducing the amount used for agriculture?

contour with no-till farming

Inside a living cell, which type of bond would be the most stable?

covalent

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

cytoplasm

All cells have some characteristics in common; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have

cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA

What does the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane, shown here, provide?

greater surface area for ATP production

The major cause of the loss in Earth's biodiversity is

habitat loss

A plant that uses CAM photosynthesis is most likely to be successful in what type of environment?

hot, dry

The failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis is called

nondisjunction

Below is a diagram of a bacterium. What structure does Y represent?

nucleoid

in the diagram below, the monomer that serves as the subunit to creating this organic molecule category is called

nucleotide

The single most important risk for skin cancer is ________.

overexposure to UV radiation

The final acceptor for hydrogen ions in aerobic cellular respiration is

oxygen

Cellular respiration is the opposite of what other cellular process?

photosynthesis

Susan was examining a cell under the microscope and noticed the formation of a cell plate in the midline of the cell and the formation of nuclei at opposite poles of the cell. The cell under examination was most likely a(n)

plant cell undergoing cytokinesis

Both plants and animals need mitochondria to

produce ATP

Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Amino acids are needed to build ________, just as ________ are needed to create DNA.

protein; nucleotides

In the reaction 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon dioxide is one of the

reactants

Hydropower and wind power are similar in that both are

renewable energy sources

Which of the following organelles is not surrounded by a membrane?

ribosomes

Which of the following is the correct sequence for an altered protein that is secreted from the cell?

rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane

Cellular respiration can be described as the conversion of the energy

stored in food to energy stored in ATP

Cell size is limited because ________ is critical to a cell's function.

surface-area-to-volume ratio

Eukaryotic cells move their organelles using

the cytoskeleton

Chemical bonds involve

the giving, taking or sharing of electrons

DNA replication is called semiconservative because

the two resulting DNA molecules each have one new DNA strand and one old strand from the original DNA molecule

Which bone would likely take the longest to heal?

thigh bone of an elderly individual

Which nitrogen-containing base is found in DNA but not in RNA?

thymine

Which of the following terrestrial ecosystems has the highest rate of primary productivity?

tropical rainforest

Water is a major limiting factor in which of the following biomes?

tundra

Which of the following has not contributed to declines in the world fish catch in recent years?

use of aquaculture aquafarming

Which of the following creates the least amount of soil erosion?

use of drip irrigation systems

Armadillos have a diploid chromosome number of 64. At prophase I, an armadillo's cell would have ________ tetrads present.

32

List the levels of organization of the body from simple to complex. 1. organ system 2. organism 3. tissue 4. organ 5. cell

5, 3, 4, 1, 2

According to Chargaff's rules, ________ always pairs with ________, and ________ always pairs with ________.

A; T; G; C

Which is not a function of blood?

All are functions of blood

As humans continue to use fossil fuels as a primary source of energy, the amount of carbon entering the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion will continue to increase dramatically. What is the effect of large-scale deforestation on the carbon in the atmosphere?

Because trees are a major sink for atmospheric carbon, fewer trees will result in less carbon being removed from the atmosphere for photosynthesis

Which of the following is not an organic molecule?

CaCO

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

Communication

Where do the vesicles that are being made for secretion from the cell become modified and packaged?

Golgi apparatus

Deoxyribose is a sugar found in

DNA

How does DNA differ from RNA?

DNA is comprised of a double-strand; RNA is a single-strand.

The central dogma of molecular biology states that the information contained within genes flows in which direction?

DNA to mRNA to protein

DNA replication makes a(n) ________ copy of the DNA strand, while transcription makes a(n) ________ copy of the DNA strand.

DNA; mRNA

Homeostasis maintains various levels within a narrow range only if environmental conditions do not fluctuate much.

False

How does climate change effect Earth's oceans?

The pH level of the ocean will shift to a more acidic environment, leading to stress and the possible extinction of many species of shellfish and corals.

Which of the following organisms can perform photosynthesis

algae

Conservation biology supports all of the following ethical principles except

all animals have the same rights or legal status as humans

Pollution is defined as

an undesirable alteration to the environment

The figure below shows a cell in the mitotic stage of

anaphase

Which ecosystem makes up approximately 70% of the Earth's surface?

aquatic; marine

In photosynthesis, the light reactions ________ while the Calvin cycle ________.

capture solar energy; converts the captured energy to chemical potential energy

The four main categories of organic macromolecules are

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Which of the following is not a function of meiosis?

cause an organism to grow

Which of the following lists the levels of biological organization in order from simplest to most complex?

cell, cardiac muscle, heart, cardiovascular system, human

The main structural component of a plant cell wall is

cellulose

Wood and cotton cloth are composed of

cellulose

The world today derives the majority of its energy from which of the following sources?

coal and oil

Without tight junctions in certain tissues

fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create

Which of the following groups is suspected of causing climate change?

fossil fuel usage, deforestation, and agriculture

Which of the following is not a renewable resource?

fossil fuels

Which of the following is an incorrect match of molecule to the location where it is principally used?

glucose - lysosome

Humans store excess polysaccharides in the form of

glycogen

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?

glycolysis, preparatory reaction, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

In the human life cycle,

meiosis produces haploid gametes, and fertilization creates a diploid cell that divides by mitosis to produce a new individual

Biodiversity increases the consumptive value of land, meaning that

more value can be derived from the more diverse products produced by ecosystems with high biodiversity relative to land that has been cleared for agriculture

The stack of thylakoids labeled "A" in this figure is called

granum

You are looking at a cell under a microscope and see what appears to be several "X" structures being pulled to each side of the cell. What stage of meiosis are you looking at?

anaphase I

Which one of the following is the smallest unit of matter that has all the properties of an element?

atom

What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell?

plasma membrane

Plant cells can communicate with each other via ________, as indicated by the arrow in the figure.

plasmodesmata

What is the first step in energy flow through an ecosystem?

Producers absorb solar energy.

An atom that has an electrical charge is called a(n)

ion