bio 101-midterm

Convert 1750 ml to liters.

1.750

Convert 0.25 liters to ml

250

Convert 5000 g to kg.

5

Which of these is a bivalve? A. octopus B. clam C. conch D. snail E. squid

B. clam

Prokaryotes belong to ________ A. Kingdom Protista. B. Domain Eukarya. C. Kingdom Plantae. D. Kingdom Animalia. E. Domain Archaea.

E. Domain Archaea.

Environmental catastrophes are a requirement of natural selection. True False

False

to convert ml to l

divide by 1000 or move decimal 3 places to left

Which geological timescale contains the greatest number of years? centuries periods eras epochs decades

eras

Fitness refers to the physical health of a population. the variation in traits within the population. the physical health of an individual. reproductive success. mutations that benefit an organism's survival.

reproductive success

During meiosis, each pair of alleles on the homologous chromosomes sorts independently from all other pairs of alleles. This statement corresponds to the law of independent assortment. the rule of multiplication. the law of probability. the law of segregation. gene theory.

the law of independent assortment.

Convert 0.539 g to mg.

539

Convert 0.75 g to mg

750

Which of the following groups provides protection and nourishment to the embryo? A. angiosperms only B. gymnosperms only C. all plants D. lycophytes only E. bryophytes only

C. all plants

Which of these worms are segmented? A. All worms are segmented. B. roundworms C. annelids D. planarians E. flukes

C. annelids

Which similarity is not shared between algae and plants? A. Algae were once classified as plants. B. Algae are photoautotrophs. C. Algae are eukaryotes. D. Most algae have some form of locomotion. E. Algae are producers.

D. Most algae have some form of locomotion.

Which are the most numerous and diverse vertebrates? A. mammals B. reptiles C. cartilaginous fishes D. bony fishes E. lancelets

D. bony fishes

Which of the following is matched incorrectly? A. neuron - cell B. skin - organ C. osteocyte - cell D. gene - organelle E. brain - organ

D. gene - organelle

Which of the following is not true with regard to the law of segregation? Gametes contain only one gene from each pair. During fertilization, each new individual obtains two genes for each trait. Each gamete contains two genes for each trait. Each individual has two factors for each trait. Genes segregate during gamete formation.

Each gamete contains two genes for each trait.

Many species of finches, tortoises, cacti, and iguanas are found on the Galápagos Islands and nowhere else in the world. Which physical attribute of these islands has not played a role in permitting such unique life forms to evolve? Multiple islands exist. Each island has its own unique environment. The islands are small compared to the South American mainland. There is geographic isolation from mainland species. Food is plentiful and diverse on every island.

Food is plentiful and diverse on every island.

Similarity due to convergent evolution is called homology. taxonomy. phylogeny. cladistics. analogy.

analogy.

to convert g to kg

divide by 1000 or more decimal 3 places to left

A homozygous red-eyed female Drosophila mates with a red-eyed male Drosophila. What proportion of the female offspring will have white eyes? 0% 25% 75% 50% 100%

0%

Which of the following statements is not true with respect to scientific theory? A. Theories are possible explanations for natural events. B. The theory of evolution is considered the unifying concept in biology. C. Theories are supported by many observations and experiments. D. Theories are accepted explanations for how the world works. E. Theories can help scientists generate new testable hypotheses.

A. Theories are possible explanations for natural events.

Many insects do not see into the red color range, and as a result, many insect-pollinated flowers are colors other than red (e.g., purple and yellow). This flower coloration would be considered a(n) A. adaptation. B. mistake C. mutation D. selection. E. competition.

A. adaptation.

Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order? A. observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, scientific theory B. hypothesis, observation, experiment, conclusion, scientific theory C. observation, experiment, hypothesis, conclusion, scientific theory D. scientific theory, conclusion, hypothesis, experiment, observation E. conclusion, hypothesis, observation, experiment, scientific theory

A. observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, scientific theory

Which of the following classification categories for humans is not correct? A. sapiens; family B. Homo sapiens; binomial name C. Domain; Eukarya D. Homo; genus E. Animalia; kingdom

A. sapiens; family

Which of the three domains contain(s) prokaryotic organisms? Bacteria and Archaea Bacteria Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya Eukarya Archaea

Bacteria and Archaea

Members of two different species are never capable of mating. True False

False

Why are green algae placed in the kingdom Protista, while plants are given their own kingdom? Algae are sporophytes that reproduce only asexually, while plants are gametophytes and reproduce sexually. The green algae use chlorophyll <i>a</i>, while plants use chlorophyll <i>b</i>. All plants are vascular, while all green algae are nonvascular. Green algae have a cell wall of chitin, while plants have cell walls of cellulose. Plants enclose and protect the embryo within the female plant, while green algae do not.

Plants enclose and protect the embryo within the female plant, while green algae do not.

Which is not an important characteristic of the Galápagos Islands in the context of Darwin's theory of evolution? The organisms on the islands varied from island to island. The organisms on the islands were different from those observed in South America. The multiple islands all had an identical environment. The organisms on the islands were similar to those observed in South America. The islands were too far from mainland South America for most terrestrial plants and animals to colonize.

The multiple islands all had an identical environment.

Two organisms present in the same genus are usually more closely related to each other than to organisms in other genera. True False

True

What feature enables the paramecium to move? contractile vacuole nucleus cilia flagella pseudopodia

cilia

When comparing chick and pig embryos, the similar eyes, pharyngeal pouches, and postanal tails are evidence of biogeography. artificial selection. common ancestry. convergent evolution. analogy.

common ancestry

When comparing chick and pig embryos, the similar eyes, pharyngeal pouches, and postanal tails are evidence of common ancestry. artificial selection. analogy. convergent evolution. biogeography.

common ancestry.

Which of the following is not an example of artificial selection? different breeds of dogs; poodle, basset hound, Chihuahua, Great Dane, etc. different types of tomatoes; roma, beefsteak, grape, cherry, etc. different breeds of cats; Siamese, Persian, Himalayan, American shorthair, etc. different varieties of roses; yellow, pink, red, thornless, climbing, etc. different styles of potatoes; fried, mashed, baked, etc.

different styles of potatoes; fried, mashed, baked, etc.

Scientists were studying temperature selection amongst pregnant big brown bats. What would be the best control group for this study?

female bats that were not pregnant

The purpose of a control group in an experiment is

for comparison to the other test groups.

A phylogenetic tree uses only derived characters. indicates common ancestors for each family. includes the organism's order and class. indicates common ancestors. indicates the organism's taxon.

indicates common ancestors.

Pollen grains are embryonic sporophytes. megaspores. encapsulated ovules. male gametophytes. female gametophytes.

male gametophytes.

Evolutionary relationships between organisms are determined by molecular evidence and fossil records. molecular evidence, anatomical homologies, anatomical analogies, and fossil records. molecular evidence, anatomical homologies, and fossil records. molecular evidence and anatomical homologies. molecular evidence, anatomical analogies, and fossil records.

molecular evidence, anatomical homologies, and fossil records.

to convert kg to g

multiple kg by 1000 or move decimal 3 places to the right

to convert g to mg

multiply by 1000 or move the decimal 3 places to the right

Which of the following would not result in a decrease of genetic variation? founder effect mutation genetic drift natural selection bottleneck effect

mutation

If the survivors of an original population survived due to specific phenotypes that they possessed, then this event is an example of industrial melanism. natural selection. gene flow. genetic drift. founder effect.

natural selection

Which group of organisms are viroids (not viruses) most likely to parasitize? plants cattle fish fungi bacteria

plants

Which of the following is not thought to have contributed to the many mass extinction events that have occurred throughout Earth's history? plate tectonics habitat loss continental drift punctuated equilibrium meteorite impacts

punctuated equilibrium

Linked genes tend to be close together on a single chromosome. undergo crossing-over of sister chromatids at a high rate. always assort independently. are found on homologous chromosomes. never cross over during prophase I.

tend to be close together on a single chromosome.

When hiking high in the mountains, you find fossil marine shells lying about. This provides evidence that very high ocean waves brought the shells to the top of the mountain. marine animals are not restricted to living in the ocean. someone brought the shells to the top of the mountain. shelled marine animals live on the top of mountains. the mountain top was once under the ocean and has been uplifted.

the mountain top was once under the ocean and has been uplifted.

Tortoises in the Galápagos possessed neck lengths unique to each island. Neck lengths appear to be an adaptation to which selective agent? ease in finding pools of drinking water defense against predators type of vegetation available to eat male competition for females reproductive barriers used to produce offspring

type of vegetation available to eat

The fermentation capabilities of ________ are used to produce bread and alcoholic beverages. yeasts lichens mycorrhizal fungi molds chytrids

yeasts

Which of the following correctly lists the classification categories from least to most inclusive? A. species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain B. domain, kingdom, class, order, family, phylum, genus, species C. species, genus, family, class, order, domain, phylum, kingdom D. kingdom, phylum, domain, class, order family, genus, species E. phylum, species, genus, kingdom, domain, order, class, family

A. species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

Which of the following statements is not correctly matched with the given scientific method term? A. Bethany watched butterflies feeding in a large field of wild flowers. She noticed that more butterflies approached the yellow and purple flowers than the red flowers. (Observation) B. All organisms are comprised of cells. (Data collection) C. Leslie set up mist nets to catch bats flying over a small stream. Each bat that was caught was weighed and sexed. (Experimental design) D. A researcher reported that red-foot tortoises preferred red-colored fruits and vegetables to those that were green or white. (Conclusion) E. Biologists suggested that 2-3 cups of coffee per day can decrease death rates among women. (Hypothesis)

B. All organisms are comprised of cells. (Data collection)

Which of the following is the most encompassing level of organization? A. cells B. ecosystem C. species D. population E. class

B. ecosystem

The process of ________ transforms solar energy into chemical energy. A. metabolism B. respiration C. photosynthesis D. reproduction E. homeostasis

C. photosynthesis

Which of the following cannot be determined from the fossil record? Evidence of every species that ever existed. Transitional fossils exist. Geologic uplift has occurred. Diversity has changed through time. Evidence of prior natural disasters&#47;catastrophes exist.

Evidence of every species that ever existed.

Parents with the dominant phenotype cannot have offspring with the recessive phenotype. True, because the dominant gene must be passed down from each parent. True, because both parents have the dominant allele. False, because one parent could carry the recessive allele. True, because at least one dominant gene will be passed down from each parent. False, because both parents could carry the recessive allele.

False, because both parents could carry the recessive allele.

What are all possible gametes that can be produced by an individual with the following genotype: FFGg? Fg, FG Fg Fg, fG FG, Fg, fG, fg FF

Fg, FG

How is the mycelium a valuable adaptation for a fungus? It provides physical support for the fragile sporophyte generation. It discourages animals from feeding on the fungus. It provides a vast surface area for the generation of spores. It provides a large surface area for the absorption of nutrients and moisture. It provides a strong anchor for the fungus.

It provides a large surface area for the absorption of nutrients and moisture.

A clade includes which of the following? one taxon with shared derived characters an outgroup and an ingroup a common ancestor and all its descendant species an ancestor and all its descendant species, and taxa with shared derived characters an ingroup only

a common ancestor and all its descendant species

Shared derived traits are shared by all organisms on the cladogram. are homologies found between the ingroup and the outgroup. are found within members of the outgroup. are shared only by common ancestors. are homologies found only in certain members of the ingroup.

are homologies found only in certain members of the ingroup.

Homologous structures are shared by organisms of the same genus. are also called analogous structures. have fully divergent functions. are often shared by organisms in the same line of descent. have identical functions.

are often shared by organisms in the same line of descent.

The fact that DNA is the molecule containing the genetic code for all life on Earth is a part of comparative anatomical evidence. comparative embryological evidence. biogeographical evidence. evidence of artificial selection. biochemical evidence.

biochemical evidence.

Hydrangeas are a flowering plant with large showy blooms. When a plant is grown in aluminum-rich soil, it has blue flowers; if the same plant is transplanted into soil that is lacking aluminum, the flowers produced will be pink. This is an example of incomplete dominance. monohybrid inheritance. codominance. polygenetic inheritance. environmental effects.

environmental effects

A blue-eyed, left-handed woman marries a brown-eyed, right-handed man who is heterozygous for both of his traits. If blue eyes and left-handedness are recessive, how many different phenotypes are possible in their children? one two four five three

four

If a plant has vascular tissue, megaphylls, and seeds, but not flowers, then it is a(n) gymnosperm. lycophyte. angiosperm. bryophyte. fern.

gymnosperm.

Conifers such as pine trees are classified as charophytes. lycophytes. bryophytes. angiosperms. gymnosperms.

gymnosperms.

A shared ancestral characteristic used in cladistics is found only in the most distant ancestor. in both the outgroup and the ingroup. only among the members of the ingroup. in two of the outgroups. only in the two most recent ancestors.

in both the outgroup and the ingroup

Wings of insects and birds are results of convergent evolution. This means that these organisms share a recent common ancestor and so have similar adaptations. these organisms have different adaptations to different environments. the insects and birds must be related to possess such similar qualities. insects and birds have each independently evolved structures that serve the same function (flight) but have done so in very different ways. insects must have evolved from birds.

insects and birds have each independently evolved structures that serve the same function (flight) but have done so in very different ways.

Traits that are controlled by several sets or pairs of alleles, such as skin color and height in humans, are the result of what form of inheritance? polygenic simple Mendelian inheritance multiple allele systems codominance incomplete dominance

polygenic

Two species are said to be closely related if they possess a common ancestor. are reproductively isolated from each other. can interbreed but not produce fertile offspring. have a shared gene pool. can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

possess a common ancestor.

The presence of vestigial organs supports evidence of evolution because both the vestigial organ and the functional organ perform the same function. the vestigial organ is similar to a functional organ in a related species, having been passed down from a common ancestor. the vestigial organ is unique to one species. the vestigial organ could not have been passed down from an ancestor. the vestigial organs represent variation in a species.

the vestigial organ is similar to a functional organ in a related species, having been passed down from a common ancestor.

Which of the following would be considered analogous structures? the wings of a fly and the wings of a sparrow the wings of a bird and the forelimbs of a reptile the flipper of a dolphin and the arm of a human the forelimb of a bat and the forelimb of a horse the pelvis of a human and the pelvis of a whale

the wings of a fly and the wings of a sparrow