BIO 101 Midterm

Convert 0.75 mg to g. A) 0.00075 B) 7.5 C) 0.075 D) 75

A) 0.00075

Given the comparative study of embryology, it is concluded that genes controlling embryonic development are essentially the same. A) True B) False

A) True

Animals are not A) autotrophic. B) multicellular. C) eukaryotic. D) heterotrophic. E) motile.

A) autotrophic.

Wings of insects and birds are results of convergent evolution. This means that A) insects and birds have each independently evolved structures that serve the same function (flight) but have done so in very different ways. B) these organisms have different adaptations to different environments. C) insects must have evolved from birds. D) these organisms share a recent common ancestor and so have similar adaptations. E) the insects and birds must be related to possess such similar qualities.

A) insects and birds have each independently evolved structures that serve the same function (flight) but have done so in very different ways.

The circulatory system of a whale is considered an organ system because it is composed of different A) organs. B) cells. C) hearts. D) tissues. E) molecules.

A) organs.

Which of the following correctly lists the classification categories from least to most inclusive? A) species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain B) phylum, species, genus, kingdom, domain, order, class, family C) domain, kingdom, class, order, family, phylum, genus, species D) species, genus, family, class, order, domain, phylum, kingdom E) kingdom, phylum, domain, class, order family, genus, species

A) species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

Linked genes A) tend to be close together on a single chromosome. B) are found on homologous chromosomes. C) undergo crossing-over of sister chromatids at a high rate. D) always assort independently. E) never cross over during prophase I.

A) tend to be close together on a single chromosome.

Tortoises in the Galápagos possessed neck lengths unique to each island. Neck lengths appear to be an adaptation to which selective agent? A) type of vegetation available to eat B) reproductive barriers used to produce offspring C) ease in finding pools of drinking water D) male competition for females E) defense against predators

A) type of vegetation available to eat

Convert 2.5 kg to g. A) 250 B) 2500 C) 0.025 D) 25

B) 2500

Which of the following is not a step in the process of natural selection? A) Individuals who have favorable traits survive and reproduce more than those individuals lacking such traits. B) People select which individuals breed and which ones do not. C) The population produces more offspring than the environment can support. D) Over multiple generations of reproducing, a larger proportion of the population will have those favorable traits and thus adaptation has occurred. E) Members of a population possess heritable variations.

B) People select which individuals breed and which ones do not.

Which variable will determine the coat color in Himalayan rabbits? A) the environment will determine it 100% B) both the genetics and environment will determine the coat color C) neither the environment nor genes will play a role in determining coat color D) the genetics will determine it 100%

B) both the genetics and environment will determine the coat color

Which of the following lists the terms from simplest to most complex? A) cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, organism B) cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism C) organs, organ system, organism, cells, tissues D) tissues, organs, organ systems, organism, cells E) organ systems, tissues, cells, organism, organs

B) cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

Hydrangeas are a flowering plant with large showy blooms. When a plant is grown in aluminum-rich soil, it has blue flowers; if the same plant is transplanted into soil that is lacking aluminum, the flowers produced will be pink. This is an example of A) incomplete dominance. B) environmental effects. C) codominance. D) polygenetic inheritance. E) monohybrid inheritance.

B) environmental effects.

A(n) _____ is an individual animal that possesses both male and female sex organs. A) acoelomate B) hermaphrodite C) larva D) cephalopod E) deuterostome

B) hermaphrodite

Microevolution is the term that applies to which of the following? A) changes of any scale within microorganisms B) small-scale changes over a short period of time C) large-scale changes over a long period of time D) small-scale changes over a long period of time E) any evolution at any scale

B) small-scale changes over a short period of time

The presence of vestigial organs supports evidence of evolution because A) both the vestigial organ and the functional organ perform the same function. B) the vestigial organ is similar to a functional organ in a related species, having been passed down from a common ancestor. C) the vestigial organs represent variation in a species. D) the vestigial organ is unique to one species. E) the vestigial organ could not have been passed down from an ancestor.

B) the vestigial organ is similar to a functional organ in a related species, having been passed down from a common ancestor.

The fermentation capabilities of ________ are used to produce bread and alcoholic beverages. A) mycorrhizal fungi B) yeasts C) molds D) chytrids E) lichens

B) yeasts

Convert 0.75 g to mg. A) 75 B) 7.5 C) 750 D) 7500

C) 750

Which of the following is not true with regard to the law of segregation? A) During fertilization, each new individual obtains two genes for each trait. B) Gametes contain only one gene from each pair. C) Each gamete contains two genes for each trait. D) Genes segregate during gamete formation. E) Each individual has two factors for each trait.

C) Each gamete contains two genes for each trait.

Which statement regarding the scientific method is false? A) Inductive reasoning is used to form a hypothesis. B) Experiments need to be repeatable. C) Original hypotheses are formed after an experiment. D) The control and experimental group are identical except for one variable. E) Observations are used to form a hypothesis.

C) Original hypotheses are formed after an experiment.

Which of the following statements is not true with respect to scientific theory? A) The theory of evolution is considered the unifying concept in biology. B) Theories are accepted explanations for how the world works. C) Theories are possible explanations for natural events. D) Theories can help scientists generate new testable hypotheses. E) Theories are supported by many observations and experiments.

C) Theories are possible explanations for natural events.

Which of the following is not an example of artificial selection? A) different types of tomatoes; roma, beefsteak, grape, cherry, etc. B) different breeds of dogs; poodle, basset hound, Chihuahua, Great Dane, etc. C) different styles of potatoes; fried, mashed, baked, etc. D) different breeds of cats; Siamese, Persian, Himalayan, American shorthair, etc. E) different varieties of roses; yellow, pink, red, thornless, climbing, etc.

C) different styles of potatoes; fried, mashed, baked, etc.

Which structure is a characteristic found only in angiosperms? A) megaphyll B) seed C) flower D) vascular tissue E) leaf

C) flower

Which unit would be best to measure the length of a car? A) kilometers B) centimeters C) meters D) inches

C) meters

Fitness refers to A) the physical health of an individual. B) the variation in traits within the population. C) reproductive success. D) the physical health of a population. E) mutations that benefit an organism's survival.

C) reproductive success.

African sleeping sickness is caused by a A) sporozoan. B) virus. C) trypanosome. D) bacterium. E) prion.

C) trypanosome

Protists can be A) unicellular only. B) colonial or multicellular, but not unicellular. C) unicellular, colonial, or multicellular. D) unicellular or colonial, but not multicellular. E) colonial only.

C) unicellular, colonial, or multicellular.

Convert 500 mg to g. A) 5000 B) 50 C) 0.05 D) 0.5

D) 0.5

Convert 1750 ml to liters. A) 17.50 B) .1750 C) 1750 D) 1.750

D) 1.750

Convert 0.25 liters to ml. A) 0.0025 B) 2.5 C) 2500 D) 250

D) 250

A couple has three children, two of which have blonde hair. The third child and both parents have dark hair. What can be determined about the gene for hair color in this family? A) Blonde hair color;conveys a lethal mutation. B) Blonde hair color is an autosomal dominant trait. C) Blonde hair color is a sex-linked dominant trait. D) Blonde hair color is an autosomal recessive trait. E) Blonde hair color;is a sex-linked recessive trait.

D) Blonde hair color is an autosomal recessive trait.

Most dinosaurs became extinct at the end of which of the following periods of the Mesozoic? A) Devonian B) Triassic C) Jurassic D) Cretaceous E) Permian

D) Cretaceous

The central dogma of molecular biology states that the information contained within genes flows in which direction? A) DNA to rRNA to protein B) mRNA to DNA to protein C) DNA to DNA to protein D) DNA to mRNA to protein E) DNA to tRNA to mRNA to protein

D) DNA to mRNA to protein

Red-green color blindness is a recessive X-linked trait. If a female is red-green color-blind, which of the following is true? A) Women cannot exhibit red-green color blindness because they have two X chromosomes. B) Both her parents must be color-blind. C) Her mother must be color-blind. D) Her father must be color-blind. E) Both her parents are carriers of the recessive allele.

D) Her father must be color-blind.

How is the mycelium a valuable adaptation for a fungus? A) It provides a vast surface area for the generation of spores. B) It discourages animals from feeding on the fungus. C) It provides physical support for the fragile sporophyte generation. D) It provides a large surface area for the absorption of nutrients and moisture. E) It provides a strong anchor for the fungus.

D) It provides a large surface area for the absorption of nutrients and moisture.

Which of the following statements is not true with respect to scientific theory? A) Theories are supported by many observations and experiments. B) Theories can help scientists generate new testable hypotheses. C) Theories are accepted explanations for how the world works. D) Theories are possible explanations for natural events. E) The theory of evolution is considered the unifying concept in biology.

D) Theories are possible explanations for natural events.

Which of the following groups provides protection and nourishment to the embryo? A) lycophytes only B) angiosperms only C) bryophytes only D) all plants E) gymnosperms only

D) all plants

Similarity due to convergent evolution is called A) homology. B) taxonomy. C) cladistics. D) analogy. E) phylogeny.

D) analogy.

Which of these is a bivalve? A) snail B) conch C) squid D) clam E) octopus

D) clam

A fraction of the original green frog population survives to reproduce and generate a new population. If the survivors of the original population survived by chance, then this event is an example of A) founder effect. B) gene flow. C) industrial melanism. D) genetic drift. E) natural selection.

D) genetic drift.

Traits that are controlled by several sets or pairs of alleles, such as skin color and height in humans, are the result of what form of inheritance? A) multiple allele systems B) incomplete dominance C) simple Mendelian inheritance D) polygenic E) codominance

D) polygenic

Which of the following is not thought to have contributed to the many mass extinction events that have occurred throughout Earth's history? A) meteorite impacts B) plate tectonics C) continental drift D) punctuated equilibrium E) habitat loss

D) punctuated equilibrium

Which of the following classification categories for humans is not correct? A) Homo; genus B) Domain; Eukarya C) Homo sapiens; binomial name D) sapiens; family E) Animalia; kingdom

D) sapiens; family

The only single-celled organisms are prokaryotes, such as archaea and bacteria. A) False because some prokaryotes are multicellular. B) True because prokaryotes are the simplest cell form. C) False because all single-celled organisms are prokaryotes. D) True because all eukaryotes are multicellular. E) False because some eukaryotes, including protista, are single-celled.

E) False because some eukaryotes, including protista, are single-celled.

Which is not an important characteristic of the Galápagos Islands in the context of Darwin's theory of evolution? A) The organisms on the islands varied from island to island. B) The organisms on the islands were similar to those observed in South America. C) The organisms on the islands were different from those observed in South America. D) The islands were too far from mainland South America for most terrestrial plants and animals to colonize. E) The multiple islands all had an identical environment.

E) The multiple islands all had an identical environment.

Many insects do not see into the red color range, and as a result, many insect-pollinated flowers are colors other than red (e.g., purple and yellow). This flower coloration would be considered a(n) A) selection. B) mistake C) competition. D) mutation E) adaptation.

E) adaptation.

Apples, oranges, peanuts, and rice grains are produced by A) bryophytes. B) gymnosperms. C) lycophytes. D) charophytes. E) angiosperms.

E) angiosperms.

What feature enables the paramecium to move? A) contractile vacuole B) flagella C) pseudopodia D) nucleus E) cilia

E) cilia

Scientists were studying temperature selection amongst pregnant big brown bats. What would be the best control group for this study? A) juvenile male bats B) juvenile female bats C) male bats D) pregnant bats E) female bats that were not pregnant

E) female bats that were not pregnant

A blue-eyed, left-handed woman marries a brown-eyed, right-handed man who is heterozygous for both of his traits. If blue eyes and left-handedness are recessive, how many different phenotypes are possible in their children? A) five B) one C) two D) three E) four

E) four

Which of these would be best able to reproduce during a period with little to no rainfall? A) No plants can reproduce except during rainy weather. B) bryophytes C) ferns D) lycophytes E) gymnosperms

E) gymnosperms

Which is the largest, most diverse group of arthropods? A) crustaceans B) arachnids C) centipedes D) millipedes E) insects

E) insects

Pollen grains are A) megaspores. B) female gametophytes. C) encapsulated ovules. D) embryonic sporophytes. E) male gametophytes.

E) male gametophytes.

In the process of natural selection, individuals that are most fit are the ones that are A) most likely to mutate. B) most likely to be physically fit. C) most likely to survive. D) most likely to migrate. E) most likely to reproduce.

E) most likely to reproduce.

In random mating A) breeding occurs between two different subspecies. B) breeding occurs between two different species. C) fertile offspring are not produced. D) individuals choose the most attractive mate. E) there is no factor influencing mate choice.

E) there is no factor influencing mate choice.