Bio 102 Jeremy Chandler COL 2

rank the following in order of least reliable evidence of a common ancestor to most reliable - similarity of DNA - similarity of habitat - similarity of anatomy

1. similarity of habitat 2. similarity of anatomy 3. similarity of DNA

the half-life of a newly discovered isotope, UTK, is 100,000 years. With a starting material of 20,000 atoms of UTK, how long would it take for there to be 2,500 atoms of UTK?

300,000 years

How old is the Earth?

4-5 billion years old

the chemoautotrophic microbial symbiotic partner of the hydrothermal vent dwelling red plumed tube worm most likely would use what for its source of carbon?

CH4

Father of Modern Paleontology

George Cuvier

Many crustaceans (for example, lobsters, shrimp, and crayfish) use their tails to swim, but crabs have reduced tails that curl under their shells and are not used in swimming. This is an example of _____.

a vestigal structure

what is the purpose of bacterial endospores?

allow a bacterium to survive extended periods of heat or dryness

Animal fossils usually have these structures

bony skeletons or hard shells

Dictyostelium discoideum is a

cellular slime mold

which organism would have the most similar DNA to humans? - chimp - reptile - amphibian - bird

chimp

most of earth's atmosphere is

cold

which factor is not important in influencing the distribution of related species? - their evolutionary history - biogeography - convergent evolution - plate tectonics

convergent evolution

you are a scientist who notices great similarity between the spines of a hedgehog and the spines of a porcupine. when you study their genetics, however, you notice that the set of genes that code for hedgehog spines is different than those of a porcupine. This is an example of:

convergent evolution

You receive a bacterial sample from a deep penetrating wound from a farm accident. You are tasked with finding if this organism can live on bed rails of a hospital and if extra precaution should be taken with this patient. You perform a catalase test in the lab and discover absolutely no bubbling occurs. Your conclusion is this organism ___________ survive on a bedrail in a hospital. - could - could not

could not

in the Miller-Urey experiment what happened to the carbon?

created tiny organic compounds and amino acids

nitrogen fixer

diazotroph

which is not considered a trace fossil? - footprint - coprolite - dinosaur skeleton - a fossilized burrow of 30ft long mole

dinosaur skeleton

the evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved

endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell. the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria

True or False: The less shared DNA, the more evidence for a common ancestor

false

If a protein is found in humans, chimps, birds, fish, and tetrapods, in which did it most likely evolve?

fish

the presence of membrane bound organelles in a cell tells you that the cell must be

from a member of the domain Eukarya

Why is Tiktaalik considered a transitional fossil?

it is a hybrid of an aquatic and terrestrial vertebrate

Carl Woese identified two major branches of prokaryotic evolution. What was the basis for dividing prokaryotes into two domains?

microscopic examination of staining characteristics of the cell wall

what is the function of flagella?

motility

A few birds, such as ostriches, have wings but cannot fly. What explains this?

ostriches evolved from a bird ancestor that flew

scientists who study ancient life are known as

paleontologists

all of the following are true about the earth's early atmosphere except: - ammonia was abundant - hydrogen was abundant - oxygen was nearly absent - the very first organisms that could survive the early atmosphere were photosynthetic organisms

photosynthetic organisms could not survive the early atmosphere

another term for the structure of the branching tree that depicts evolutionary relationships is

phylogeny

movement of Earth's crust

plate tectonics

Refrigeration does NOT stop food decomposition because __________ organisms are capable of growth at these temperatures.

psychrophilic

Biologists sometimes divide living organisms into two groups: autotrophs and heterotrophs. These two groups differ in _____.

sources of energy

the most direct evidence of all evolution comes from

the fossil record

The long bones of a bat wing are homologous to _________________

the humerus of a human

what do all members of the informal group known as protists have in common?

they are all eukaryotic

a characteristic of chloroplast that suggests that they might have evolved from free living bacteria

they have their own DNA

what best describes all existing bacteria?

tiny, ubiquitous, metabolically diverse

What type of microscope would be best for studying the detailed image of a microcompartment inside a bacterial cell?

transmission electron microscope

True or False: homology demonstrates that similarity of structures is due to descent from a common ancestor

true

what have scientists learned about the origins of life on Earth by studying "Lost City" and other deep sea hydrothermal vent communities?

you don't need life to make organic compounds