BIO 103 Chapter 6,7, & 8 exam

In the absence of oxygen, hydrogen atoms generated by glycolysis are donated to organic molecules in which process a. fermentation b. decarboxylation c. chemiosmosis

A. Fermentation

RNA molecules that have been recently reported to act also as enzymes are given the name A. ribozymes. B. deoxyribozymes. C. chromosomes. D. coenzymes. E. metalloenzymes.

A. ribozymes.

In eukaryotes, the glycolytic reactions take place in the a. mitochondria of the cell b. cytoplasm of the cell c. ribosomes of the cell d. endoplasmic reticulum of the cell e. golgi bodies of the cell

B. Cytoplasm of the cell

Which of the following is not part of the light dependent reactions? a. primary photo event b. charge separation c. Calvin cycle d. electron transport e. chemiosmosis

C. calvin cycle

Fall leaf color on deciduous trees is a result of A. the production of more accessory pigments because of the cooler temperatures B. the reduction in the production of accessory pigments because of the cooler temperatures C. cessation of chlorophyll production, which allows the accessory pigments to be revealed D. the increased angle of the sun during the fall, which reflects more of the accessory pigments causing the human eye to see the red, yellow, and orange colors that were masked by the green chlorophyll

C. cessation of chlorophyll production, which allows the accessory pigments to be revealed

In an enzyme catalyzed reaction the reactant is called the A. ribozyme. B. catalyst. C. substrate. D. end-product. E. activator.

C. substrate.

The first stage of cellular respiration, ____________, occurs with or without oxygen present. a. the krebs cycle b. glycolysis c. gluconeogenesis d. cleavage

Glycolysis

A molecule that stores energy by linking charged phosphate groups near each other a. atp b. NADH c. FADH d. cyclic AMP e. pyruvate

a. ATP

The reaction, C6H12O6 + 602 = 6CO2 + 6 H2O, when it occurs in living cells is known as a. aerobic fermentation b. anaerobic fermentation c. aerobic respiration d. glycolysis e.oxidative phosphorylation

a. aerobic fermentation

A new antibiotic has been developed that will use noncompetitive inhibitor enzyme inhibition. This means that the

a. antibiotic will bind to the enzyme and alter the shape of the enzyme

A new antibiotic has been developed that will use competitive inhibitor enzyme inhibition. This means that the

a. antibiotic will compete for substrate binding sites on the enzyme

Organisms that can manufacture their own chemical energy sources are called a. autotrophs b. heterotrophs c. oligotrophs d. chemotrophs

a. autotrophs

The general process whereby protons accumulate on one side of a membrane and can flow back across the membrane through ATP synthase resulting in ATP production is called ______. a. chemiosmosis b. Atp synthesis c diffusion d. active transport

a. chemiosmosis

In eukaryotes, photosynthesis takes place inside the ______. a. chloroplasts b. mitochondria c. cytoplasm d. golgi apparatus

a. chloroplasts

For further derivation of energy, aerobic cells must convert pyruvate into acetyl- CoA by stripping off a CO2 molecule in a process called a. decarboxylation b. glycolysis c. carboxylation d. acetylation

a. decarboxylation

Visible light not strongly absorbed by chlorophylls. a. green b. violet - blue c. red d. ultraviolet e. yellow- orange

a. green

In the _______ reactions of photosynthesis, electron carrier molecules are reduced and ATP is synthesized. a. light b. dark c. energetic d. chemical

a. light

Plants and algae use a two-stage ______ in the light dependent reactions a. photo system b. pigment c. emission d. electron

a. photo system

At least 90% of organisms on the earth are heterotrophs. Examples of heterotrophs include all of the following except a. plants b fungi c. most eubacteria d. animals e. most protists

a. plants

In which part of the chloroplasts are the Calvin cycle enzymes located? a. stroma b. thylakoids c. grana d. envelope e. cristae

a. stroma

Life's ultimate source of energy is derived from a. the sun b. plants c. water d. air e. cells

a. the sun

Enzymes work most effectively at a. their optimum pH and temperature conditions b. all pH and temperature conditions c. only one temperature and a specific pH

a. their optimum pH and temperature conditions

The sequence concerning glucose catabolism

b. Glycolysis-Pyruvate-acetylCoA-Krebs-Electron transport

Carotenoids are important to many plants because these pigments are able to a. remove carbon dioxide from the air b. absorb wavelengths of light that neither chlorophyll a nor b can absorb c. absorb water so that hydrolysis can be carried out in chloroplasts d. capture UV radiation that is harmful to the DNA in the nucleus of plant cells e. store electrons for use during dark reactions of photosynthesis

b. absorb wavelengths of light that neither chlorophyll a nor b can absorb

Each pigment molecule has a characteristic __ spectrum a. pigment b. absorption c. emission d. energy

b. absorption

A series of sequential chemical reactions which are maintained in the cell are called a. chemical reactions b. biochemical pathways c. energy steps d. second messenger cascades

b. biochemical pathways

The cyclic carbon fixation reactions are also known as the a. krebs cycle b. calvin cycle c. citrix acid cycle d. tri carboxylix acid cycle e. Blackman cycle

b. calvin cycle

Even though the Calvin cycle reactions require the products of the light reactions, it's reactions can occur in the _____. a. light b. dark c. root d. cold

b. dark

The temperature is raised slightly above the optimum for a specific enzyme. What would you expect to observe as a result of the change in temperature? a. increased enzyme activity b. decreased enzyme activity c. no change in enzyme activity d. enzyme denaturation

b. decreased enzyme activity

Reactions that occur spontaneously and release free energy are called ___________ reactions. a. activation b. exergonic c. cataboistic d. thermodynamic e. endergonic

b. exergonic

____________ depend on energy stored in chemical bonds by autotrophs for their food energy. a. autotrophs b. heterotrophs c. oligotrophs d. chemotrophs

b. heterotrophs

Light consists of units of energy called a. electrons b. photons c. calories d. neutrons e. pigments

b. photons

___________ is the process by which certain organisms capture energy from sunlight and use it to build energy rich food molecules a. metabolism b. photosynthesis c. respiration d. energy

b. photosynthesis

Enzymes have specific __________ with which they interact. a. products b. substrates c. reactants d. atoms e. end-products

b. substrates

Energy is defined as a. heat b. the capacity to do work c. change d. movement

b. the capacity to do work

Which of the following is common to both cellular respiration and the light reactions of photosynthesis? a. the transfer of electrons to glucose b. the chemiosmotic formation of ATP c. oxygen is one of the byproducts d. mitochondria are essential organelles e. must have light

b. the chemiosmotic formation of ATP

A single glucose molecule can drive the Krebs cycle a. one turn b. two turns c. three turns d. four turns e. six turns

b. two turns

Shortest wavelength and highways energy photons within the visible spectrum; one of the regions where chlorophylls absorb. a. green b. violet- blue c. red d. ultraviolet e. yelllow- orange

b. violet-blue

Yeast cells under anaerobic conditions a. die b. produce ethyl alcohol c. produce oxygen d. switch to oxidative respiration

b.Produce ethyl alcohol (ethanol)

What products of light reactions of photosynthesis are used in the Calvin cycle? a. oxygen and protons b. carbon dioxide and water c. ATP and NADPH d. ADP and NADP e. glucose and oxygen

c. ATP and NADPH

Most plants incorporate carbon dioxide into sugars by means of a cycle of reactions called the a. CAM cycle b. carbon cycle c. Calvin cycle d. Krebs cycle e. electron transport cycle

c. Calvin cycle

Carbon atoms of CO2 are incorporated into organic molecules in a series of dark reactions called a. carbon reduction b. carbon synthesis c. carbon fixation d. carbon activation e. carbon oxidation

c. carbon fixation

Chemiosmotic generation of the ATP is driven by a. pi transfers through the plasma membrane b. the na/k pump c.difference in H+ concentration on the two sides of the mitochondrial membrane d. osmosis of macromolecules

c. difference in H+ concentration on the two sides of the mitochondrial membrane

The Second Law of Thermodynamics simply states that

c. disorder (or entropy) in the universe is continually increasing

Oxidation and reduction reactions are chemical processes that result in a gain or loss in a. atoms b. neutrons c. electrons d. molecules e. protons

c. electrons

The chemistry of living systems representng all chemical reactions is called a. catabolism b. anabolism c. metabolism d. enzymology e. thermodynamics

c. metabolism

All of the reactions of glucose oxidation that follow glycolysis, and involve the transfer of electrons to their final acceptor, take place in eukaryotic cells in the a. chloroplasts b. nucleus c. mitochondria d. plasma membrane

c. mitochondria

Clusters of chlorophyll and accessory pigments are called ________. a. the golgi apparatus b. chloroplasts c. photosystems s photosynthetic membranes

c. photosystems

Molecules that absorb light are called a. enzymes b. electron carriers c. pigments d. photosythesizers e. absorbers

c. pigments

When an atom or molecule gains one or more electrons, it is said to be a. energized b. oxidized c. polarized d. activated e. reduced

c. polarized

Visible light with longest wavelength and lowest energy photons; one of the regions where chlorophylls absorb. a. green b. violet - blue c. red d. ultraviolet e. yellow- orange

c. red

Simple molecules are further broken down in cells in a process called _______, during which energy stored in their chemical bonds is used to power the production of ATP. a. photosynthesis b. anabolism c. respiration' d. muscle contraction

c. respiration

The chief energy currency of all cells is a molecule called a. cyclic AMP b. NADH c. FADH d. ATP e. ADP

d. ATP

The decarboxylation of pyruvate produces all of the following except a. NADH b. acetyl-CoA c. CO2 d. ATP

d. ATP

The energy released in the mitochondrial electron transport chain is used to transport protons into the a. matrix b. cytoplasm c. ER d. inter membrane space of mitochondria e. enzyme complex of the krebs cycle

d. Inter-membrane space of mitochondria

An electron carrier that is used in harvesting energy from glucose molecules in a series of gradual steps in the cytoplasm a. pyruvate b. cyclic AMP c. ATP d NAD+ e. NADH

d. NAD+

The calvin cycle is driven by ATP and _____ produces in the light reactions a. NAD+ b. NADH C. NADP+ d. NADPH

d. NADPH

In the dark reactions of photosynthesis, CO2 is added to a five carbon sugar phosphate known as a. cellulose b. ribose c. deoxyribose d. RuBP e. CAM

d. RuBP

Glucose is broken down to carbon dioxide and water in organisms which breathe air in a process called _________ respiration. a. anaerobic b. continuous c. glucose d. aerobic

d. aerobic

The dark reactions of photosynthesis are those that a. convert chlorophyll into enzymes b. convert enzymes into chlorophylls c. convert water into hydrogen and oxygen d. convert CO2 into reduced molecules e. only occur in the dark

d. convert CO2 into reduced molecules

Reactions that do not proceed spontaneously because they require energy from an outside source called a. exergonic b. xerogonic c. metabolic d. endergonic e. endocytic

d. endergonic

The First Law of Thermodynamics simply states that a. energy is constant being created in the universe b. disorder in the universe is continually increasing c. energy can be created but not destroyed d. energy cannot he created or destroyed, just changed from one form to another e. energy can be recycled through the universe

d. energy cannot be created or destroyed, just changed from one form to another

A calorie is the commonly used unit of chemical energy, it is also the unit of a. light b. magnetism c. sound d. heat e. radioactivity

d. heat

When oxygen is limiting during heavy exercise muscle cells tend to revert to this fermentation for energy production a. alcohol b. yeast c. aerobic d. lactic acid

d. lactic acid

In dark reactions, when CO2 is added to a molecule of RuBP the product is a. citric acid b. glucose c. glyceraldehyde 2 phosphate d. phosphoglycerate e. pyruvate

d. phosphoglycerate

In glycolysis a major portion of the energy remains in the final product which is called the a. glucose b. citrate c. glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate d. pyruvate

d. pyruvate

Carbon fixation occurs during the dark reactions, or ________, in photosynthesis. a. photosystem 1 b. metabolism c. respiration d. the Calvin cycle

d. the Calvin cycle

Sunburn is caused by which component of sunlight? a. infrared rays b. x rays c. gamma rays d. ultra violet rays e. long wavelength rays

d. ultra violet rays

The amino acids must be first ______ before they can be used in catabolic reactions a. stripped b. proteins c. deoxygenated d. deaminated

d.Deaminated

How many revolutions of the Calvin cycle are required to produce the sugar glucose? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 6

e. 6

Flattened sacs of internal membranes associated with photosynthesis are called a. chloroplasts b. photosystems c. the stroma d. thylakoids e. cristae

e. cristae

Protein catalysts that speed up the various metabolic biological reactions in an organism are called a. substrates b. cofactors c. reactants d. products e. enzymes

e. enzymes

In muscle cells, fermentation produces not alcohol but a. atp b. nadh c. pyruvate d. kinetic energy e. lactic acid

e. lactic acid

The enzymes of the Krebs cycle are located in the a. cytoplasm b. inter membrane space of mitochondria c. vesicles of the er d. outer membrane of the mitochondria e. matrix of the mitochondria.

e. matrix of the mitochondria

In green plant photosynthesis, the electron donor for the light dependent reaction is a. carbon dioxide b. oxygen c. RuBP d. chlorophyll 2 e. water

e. water