BIO 103 - Test 3

In peas, yellow is dominant over green in seeds. With which of these is it best to cross a yellow-seeded pea plant to determine whether it is pure or hybrid? A. A green-seeded plant. B. A hybrid yellow-seeded plant C. A pure yellow-seeded plant D. A hybrid yellow-seeded plant or pure yellow-seeded plant

A. A green-seeded plant.

The enzyme that is used to join DNA complementary nucleotides together is A. DNA polymerase. B. RNA polymerase. C. helicase. D. ribozyme. E. lipase.

A. DNA polymerase.

The hereditary material found in eukaryotic cells is A. DNA. B. rRNA. C. mRNA. D. tRNA. E. ATP.

A. DNA.

In which kind of cross would you expect to find ratio of 3:1 among the F2 offspring? A. Monohybrid cross B. Dihybrid cross C. Test cross D. None of the above

A. Monohybrid cross

Which of the following is represented by word descriptions, such as black and tall? A. Phenotype B. Genotype C. Alleles D. Homozygous E. Dominance

A. Phenotype

One major advantage of biotechnology is the ability to produce proteins that are very difficult to obtain in any other way. A. True B. False

A. True

One use of transgenic bacteria is to produce a toxin that kills insects that eat the plant containing toxin. A. True B. False

A. True

Restriction enzymes will cut DNA strands at a specific site in a nucleotide sequence. A. True B. False

A. True

Traits associated with X-linked genes are generally transmitted from a grandfather via a normal mother to her son. A. True B. False

A. True

Alternative forms of a gene that influence the same trait and are found at the same location in homologous chromosomes are called A. alleles. B. phenotypes. C. genotypes. D. codominant. E. incomplete dominance.

A. alleles.

Mendel's law of segregation implies that the two members of an allelic pair A. are distributed into separate gametes. B. are distributed into the same gamete. C. are assorted independently. D. are segregated pairwise. E. must always cod for the identical trait or feature.

A. are distributed into separate gametes.

Transgenic _____ are used to help clean up beaches after a massive oil spill. A. bacteria B. plants C. animals D. humans E. viruses

A. bacteria

What is the function of a restriction enzyme in genetic engineering? A. cut DNA into many fragments B. carry DNA into a new cell C. link together newly joined fragments of DNA D. make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA E. separate fragment of DNA by their length and electrical charges

A. cut DNA into many fragments

The trait diagrammed in Figure 24.1 is a(n) A. dominant X-linked trait. B. recessive X-linked trait. C. autosomal recessive trait. D. autosomal dominant trait. E. dominant Y-linked trait.

A. dominant X-linked trait.

If a person inherits two X chromosomes, this individual will be A. female. B. male. C. color-blind. D. sterile. E. a metafemale.

A. female.

Recombinant DNA contains DNA usually from ___ or more different sources. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5

B. 2

In humans, assume red hair is recessive to dark hair. What are the chances of a dark-haired couple having a red-haired child if each had a red-haired parent? A. 0 B. 25% C. 50% D. 75% E. 100%

B. 25%

What are the chances that two individuals with wavy hair will have a curly-haired child? Curly-hair and straight hair exhibit incomplete dominance. A. none B. 25% C. 50% D. 75% E. 100%

B. 25%

If a woman is a carrier for the colorblind recessive allele and her husband is normal, what are their chances that a son will be colorblind? A. None since the father is normal. B. 50% since the mother is only a carrier. C. 100% because the mother has the gene. D. 25% because the mother is a hybrid. E. None since he will be just a carrier.

B. 50% since the mother is only a carrier.

One of the base conservation rules states that A. A + T = G + C. B. A + G = T + C. C. A = C, T = G. D. A = G, T = C. E. the number of purines in DNA never equals the number of pyrimidines.

B. A + G = T + C.

In humans, presume brown eyes (B) are a simple dominant over blue eyes (b). A brown-eyed woman who has a blue-eyed child would have the genotype A. bb. B. Bb. C. BB. D. BBB. E. BbBb.

B. Bb.

Which is NOT a major function of the genetic material? A. Store information. B. Catalyze chemical reactions C. Replicate itself D. Undergo mutation

B. Catalyze chemical reactions

In modern biochemical genetics, the flow of inherited information is from A. protein → RNA → DNA. B. DNA → mRNA → protein. C. DNA → protein → RNA. D. RNA → DNA → protein. E. RNA → protein → DNA.

B. DNA → mRNA → protein.

If one strand of DNA has the base sequence AAGCAA, the complementary strand has which of the following sequences? A. UUCGUU B. TTCGTT C. AAGCAA D. UTCGTU E. TTCGTG

B. TTCGTT

The individual(s) credited with the discovery of the structure of DNA is (are) A. Hershey and Chase. B. Watson and Crick. C. Erwin Chargaff. D. Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. E. Charles Darwin and Gregor Mendel.

B. Watson and Crick.

Genes on the ___ chromosome determine if the sex of a child will be male or female. A. X B. Y C. 21 D. 5th E. 19th

B. Y

In the Watson-Crick model of DNA, the "steps" of the later are composed of A. sugars. B. a purine and a pyrimidine. C. two purines. D. two pyrimidines. E. a sugar and a phosphate molecule.

B. a purine and a pyrimidine.

A nucleotide contains A. DNA and RNA. B. a sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogenous base. C. complementary purines and pyrimidines. D. RNA, protein, and lipids. E. a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base.

B. a sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.

If a chromosomal segment appears more than once in the same chromosome, it is termed a(n) A. translocation B. duplication. C. deletion. D. inversion. E. polyploid.

B. duplication.

If pairs of factors separate independently of other pairs of factors, you are dealing with the A. law of segregation. B. law of independent assortment. C. law of dominance. D. multiple alleles. E. codominance.

B. law of independent assortment.

Mendel carried out most of his research with A. livestock. B. pea plants. C. guinea pigs. D. fruit flies. E. bacteria.

B. pea plants.

Because one original strand of the double-stranded helix is found in each daughter cell, the replication process is called A. proofreading. B. semiconservative. C. redundant. D. freeing of DNA. E. mutation positive.

B. semiconservative.

If your mother is normal but your father is heterozygous for Huntington's disease (dominant), what are your chances of escaping the disease entirely? A. ¾ B. ½ C. ¼ D. no chance

B. ½

Plasmids are small accessory rings of ____ usually taken from ____. A. RNA, animal cells B. RNA, bacteria C. DNA, bacteria D. DNA, animal cells E. DNA, plants

C. DNA, bacteria

Which of the following crosses will yield for phenotypes in a ratio of 9:3:3:1? A. RRYY x RRYY B. RRYY x rryy C. RrYy x RrYy D. RrYy x rryy E. rryy X rryy

C. RrYy x RrYy

A person with an XO genotype is classified as having A. Down syndrome. B. cri du chat syndrome. C. Turner syndrome. D. Klinefelter syndrome. E. a metafemale state.

C. Turner syndrome

Which of the following have nitrogenous bases correctly paired in DNA? A. adenine—guanine: thymine—cytosine B. adenine—uracil; guanine—cytosine C. adenine—thymine: guanine—cytosine D. adenine—adenine: guanine—guanine E. adenine—cytosine: guanine—thymine

C. adenine—thymine: guanine—cytosine

Retroviruses A. are DNA viruses. B. produce a copy of DNA from their RNA genes. C. are used to create genomic libraries. D. are used to carry recombinant DNA into plant cells.

C. are used to create genomic libraries.

When bacteria take up plasmids and replicate many copies of the foreign gene, we consider the gene to be A. translated. B. recombined. C. cloned. D. restricted. E. vectored.

C. cloned.

Which refers to the loss of a portion of a chromosome? A. inversion B. translocation C. deletion D. duplication E. monosomy

C. deletion

A permanent change in the structure of a chromosome that can be detected microscopically is termed a A. chromosome mutation. B. chromosome deletion. C. gene mutation. D. gene addition. E. nondisjunction.

C. gene mutation.

When human body cells (except for red blood cells) are treated to start cell division, and are then photographed to allow examination of the details of the chromosome set, you are investigating a A. phenotype. B. genotype. C. karyotype. D. holotype. E. sex-linkage.

C. karyotype.

Which of the classes of RNA molecules carries the genetic information as it is needed for the construction of a protein? A. ribosomal RNA B. transfer RNA C. messenger RNA D. primary mRNA transcript E. complementary RNA

C. messenger RNA

When homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, this is termed A. linked genes. B. disjunction. C. nondisjunction. D. cross-over. E. RFLPs.

C. nondisjunction.

Which process is able to make millions of copies of a single gene in a test tube? A. DNA probe B. recombinant DNA technique C. polymerase chain reaction D. ligase chain reaction E. DNA fingerprinting

C. polymerase chain reaction

Which of the following nucleotide bases is found in DNA, not in RNA? A. guanine B. adenine C. thymine D. uracil E. cytosine

C. thymine

Which technique uses restriction enzymes to cut DNA into different fragment lengths and analyzed by gel electrophoresis? A. DNA probe B. recombinant DNA technique C. polymerase chain reaction D. DNA fingerprinting E. ex vivo therapy

D. DNA fingerprinting

A man with blood type AB could NOT be the father of a child with A. blood type A. B. blood type B. C. blood type AB. D. blood type O.

D. blood type O.

Down syndrome A. is due to disjunction of chromosomes. B. individuals have two number-21 chromosomes. C. may occur at a lower rate in women over 40. D. can occur in the sperm has an extra number-21 chromosome. E. persons have normal appearing eyelids.

D. can occur in the sperm has an extra number-21 chromosome.

If a chromosomal segment is turned around 180°, the chromosomal mutation is termed a(n) A. translocation. B. duplication. C. deletion. D. inversion. E. invertiploid.

D. inversion.

What is the function of DNA ligase in genetic engineering? A. cut DNA into many fragments B. cut DNA into many fragments C. carry DNA into a new cell D. link together newly joined fragments of DNA E. make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA F. separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges

D. link together newly joined fragments of DNA

What is the function of the polymerase chain reaction in genetic engineering? A. cut DNA into many fragments B. carry DNA into a new cell C. link together newly joined fragments of DNA D. make millions of copies of a specific segment DNA E. separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges

D. make millions of copies of a specific segment DNA

The inheritance of blood types in humans can be explained by A. simple Mendelian genetics. B. linked gametes. C. simple dominance. D. multiple alleles. E. polygenic inheritance.

D. multiple alleles.

The amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of ________ in DNA. A. cytosine B. uracil C. guanine D. thymine E. ATP

D. thymine

Which of the following nucleotide bases is found only in RNA, not in DNA? A. guanine B. adenine C. thymine D. uracil E. cytosine

D. uracil

Which of the following would be considered a dihybrid cross? A. Ww B. sS C. WWSs D. WWss E. WwSs

E. WwSs

DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of A. DNA. B. messenger RNA. C. enzymes. D. proteins. E. both DNA and messenger RNA.

E. both DNA and messenger RNA.

The most common autosomal abnormality is seen in a person with A. XXX. B. XXY. C. XO. D. deletion in chromosome 5. E. extra chromosome 21.

E. extra chromosome 21.

When two or more sets of alleles affect the same trait in an additive fashion, it is termed A. single-trait cross B. double-trait cross C. codominant. D. incomplete dominance. E. polygenic inheritance.

E. polygenic inheritance.