BIO 109 - CHAPTER 36: Population Ecology

A Type I survivorship curve is the result of which of the following life - history traits?

Parents provide extended care for their young

You drive through Iowa in the spring and notice that every fence post for 3km has a male redwing blackbird on it defending its nesting territory. This is an example of

uniform distribution

If most of the individuals of a human population are in their pre-reproductive years, you would expect the population size to ____________ after 20 years.

increase

The density of Douglas firs in an old-growth forest is estimated by counting the Douglas firs in four sample plots of 1 hectare each. The number of fir trees in the plots is 10, 12, 7, and 11, respectively. What is the estimated density of firs in the forest?

10 trees per hectare

Consider a stable frog population living at carrying capacity in a pond. If an average female produces 6,000 eggs during her lifetime and an average of 300 tadpoles hatch from these eggs, how many of these tadpoles will on average survive to reproduce?

2

The human population on Earth is expected to reach 9.5 billion people by

2050

A test tube is inoculated with 1 x 10^3 cells of a bacterial strain that has a generation time of 30 minutes. The carrying capacity of the test tube for this strain is 6 x 10^9 cells. What will the bacterial population be after 90 minutes of culturing?

8 x 10^3

Which of the following statements about how human demographic trends is true?

A human population in which women reproduce at a later age will experience slower population growth

An ecologist hypothesizes that predation by a particular owl species is the major factor controlling the population of a particular rabbit species. If the hypothesis proves to be correct, which of the following population effects could be expected in this rabbit - owl pair?

An increase in the owl population should cause a fall in the rabbit population

Which of the following statements about human population growth is true?

Demographic transition is a transition from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates

If a population has a birth rate of 40 individuals per 1,000 per year and a death rate of 30 individuals per 1,000 per year, how will the population change each year? (Assume that the population is below carrying capacity and that there is no immigration or emigration.)

It will increase by 1%

Guppies from Trinidad forms two distinct populations that differ in several life history traits that appear to relate to the local predator populations, pike-cichlids or killifish. Which of the following experiments would test the heritability of these traits?

Raise both populations without predators to see if they maintain their life history traits

In a developing nation, such as the United States during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the introduction of public health improvements such as a sewage systems, milk pasteurization, and childhood vaccination would have changed the shape of the age structure diagram in what way?

The middle levels of the pyramid would widen disproportionately

Which of the following statements about the human population is false?

Water use has remained about the same over the last 50 years

Which of the following is most clearly a case of density - dependent population regulation?

a dangerous new flu strain that is transmitted among humans by sneezing

The death by bubonic plague of about one-third of Europe's population during the fourteenth century is a good example of

a density - dependent effect

Which of the following organisms best illustrates K - selection?

a polar bear producing one or two cubs every three years

The age structure diagram of a human population in a developed country like Sweden, which has a population growth rate near zero and in which neither birth rate nor death rate has changed much in the past lifetime, has the shape of

a rectangle tapering near the top

In terms of population dynamics, what is "boom - and - bust" cycling?

a situation in which a population oscillates around the carrying capacity of its environment

Which of the following is not an example of a population?

all of the organisms in your classroom

In the logistic growth model, as population size increases,

birth rates decline and/or death rates increase

The pattern of distribution for a certain species of kelp is clumped. We will expect that the pattern of distribution for a population of snails that live on the kelp would be

clumped

The greatest crisis ever faced by humans is probably

human population growth

The type of growth illustrated by the human race during the past 2,000 years is ____________ growth.

exponential

An r-selected species typically

has an advantage in habitats that experience unpredictable disturbances

The world human population

is growing, but at a slower rate than in the last century

A newly mated queen ant establishes an ant nest in an unoccupied patch of suitable habitat. Assuming that no disasters strike the nest, which of the following types of equation is likely to best describe its population growth?

logistic

A country with an age structure diagram with a base smaller than most of the next higher levels is experiencing

negative population growth

The age structure of the United States in 2012 shows

that a greater proportion of the population is elderly now than in earlier decades

A tidal wave wipes out the entire population of mice living on an island. This is an example of

the effects of abiotic factors