Bio 112 Unit 2 exam

Which conditions did plants face when they first moved to land?

Air provided less physical support than water desciation or drying out they were adapted to gamete dispersal in water

plastids

Archaeaplastida

The most successful phylum in regards to diversity and numbers is

Arthropoda

The scientist given credit for devising the two-word naming system is

Carolus Linnaeus

Why is it important to compare DNA sequences in the construction of an evolutionary tree?

Convergent evolution can cause distantly related organisms to appear closely related. DNA sequence analysis can show that they are actually distantly related.

protist are

Eukaryotes

what is the relationship between coral and zooxanthellae?

Mutually symbiotic; zooxanthellae provide the coral with nutrition, while the coral provide zooxanthellae with carbon dioxide.

Which of the following is NOT a disease caused by a PROTIST?

Salmonella

One way that antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria arise is that patients do not follow the instructions for taking the drug. In a typical scenario, a drug may be prescribed for a week, but the patient may stop taking it after 2 to 3 days if they start to feel better. Then when the infection flares up again, they take the rest of their dose. Why would this scenario lead to drug resistance?

The first round of treatment does not kill the most resistant bacteria, which then increase in number.

prokaryotes lack which of the following?

a nucleus

The value of the dormant, thick-walled cell structures called endospores to species of at least two genera of bacteria is that they

allows the organism to become dormant and survive harsh conditions for some periods of time

Clostridium tetani, the bacterium that causes tetanus, can only survive in soil away from oxygen. It is considered which of the following?

an obligate anaerobe

___________________ are the product of convergent evolution, whereas _______________ are the result of shared

analogous traits; homologous features

plants are in the supergroup

archaeaplastida

Analogous features are problematic when constructing evolutionary trees because they:

are the result of natural selection instead of common ancestry

Which of the following characteristics could not be used to differentiate the three worm phyla, Annelida, Platyhelminthes, and Nematoda?

bilateral symmetry

polyphyletic

birds and mammals are both warm-blooded, and are___.

An accurate contrast between radial and bilateral symmetry among animals is that

body components are arranged around a central axis in radial symmetry, but are arranged with a distinct left and right in bilateral symmetry.

the domain(s) that contain(s) prokaryotes is(are)

both Archaea and Bacteria are correct

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an annelid?: a.They have a coelom. b. They have bilateral symmetry. c.They have an incomplete digestive tract. d.They are segmented. e.They have organ systems.

c. They have an incomplete digestive tract

the rigid barrier that surrounds most prokaryotes is the:

cell wall

which group is sister to all land plants?

charophytes

which group has members that exhibit radial symmetry?

cnidaria

A fluid-filled body cavity that forms completely within the mesoderm of animals is a

coelom

Bacteria are able to recombine genetic material in 3 major ways. Some bacteria use a sex pillus to connect to a second bacterium and transfer a plasmid. This is an example of ___.

conjugation

chloroplast in algae are thought to have arisen from which source?

cyanobacteia

Silica walls are characteristic of

diatoms

Silicon (glass-like) shells that are 2 parts

diatoms

sea sparkle that glows

dinoflagellates

The correct sequence of taxonomic categories beginning with domain in descending order are

domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species.

The microscopic food that supports the ocean's vast food webs is: a. red algae. b. dinoflagellates. c. golden and brown algae. d. green algae. e. All of the answer options are correct.

e. all of the answer options are correct

Seeds have three parts, the __, the ___, and the ___.

embryo, seed coat, nutrients

Which type of skeleton contains the carbohydrate called chitin?

exoskeleton of insects, crabs, and lobsters

A new animal is discovered with a prominent muscular foot that attaches to underwater rocks. The animal also has a one-piece shell. To which of the following animal groups does this new animal belong?

gastropods

All mammals have hair because they inherited that trait from a common ancestor. Features that are inherited from a common ancestor are called:

homologous features

___ is when genes are passes between different species

horizontal gene transfer

Which statement best explains the finding that the nuclear DNA of house cats and African wild cats has a very high degree of similarity?

house cats and african wild cats share a common ancestor

Methicillin is a medicine that inhibits cell wall production. Why does this make it a suitable antibiotic for eliminating bacterial infections in humans?

human cells do not have cell walls

In your biology lab, you use a stereoscopic microscope to observe a living animal that uses only one opening to both take in its food, and also eject its waste products after having eaten and digested the food for metabolism. This body arrangement of the animal is which of the following?

incomplee digestive tract and a gastrovascular cavity

some general evolutionary change trends in animals include:

larger body size, bilateral symmetry, and an enclosed, fluid-filled body cavity.

Protists that can photosynthesize and are heterotrophs areknown as ___

mixotrophs

alternation of generations is..

one phase of the life cycle takes place on land and the other in water

In systematics, a group of organisms consisting of a common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendents is defined as a

paraphyletic group

You have the opportunity to stain a sample of prokaryote cells to verify the chemical composition of their cell walls. The primary component you should stain for in the cell walls of bacteria, even if gram-negative or gram-positive

peptidoglycan

Wolves and bears are placed in the same taxonomic order. Therefore, they must also be classified in the same:

phylum

In the cnidarians, the two body types are the sessile _____________ and the free-living _______________.

polyp; medusa

the group highlighted on the tree (D,H, and J) are an example of ___ group.

polyphyletic

which of the following trials do archaeans and bacteria share?

presence of circular chromosome

In biology lab, you are observing and dissecting flatworms. Their bodies are very thin, even see-through, and their thin body surface allows them to exchange gases of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the underlying cells and tissues. Flatworms lack which of the following anatomical systems?

respiratory

which of the following does not have a true coelom?

roundworm

which groups grow by molting?

roundworms and arthropods

What distinguishes a protostome from a deuterostome?

sequence or order of gut development

which taxonomic rank is the least inclusive?

species

what are the simplest animals?

sponges

cnidarians all share the ability to do which of the following?

sting predators and prey

hairy flagella and smooth flagella

stramenopiles

Which of the following accurately states the goal of biological classification?

the grouping of organisms into categories that reflects their evolutionary history

Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are grouped together as "Bryophytes". Besides not having vascular tissue, what do they all have in common?

they all require water for fertilization

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the echinoderms? Answers: -They exhibit cephalization. -They have radial symmetry in adults. -They have bilateral symmetry in larvae. -They have a complete digestive tract. -They have spiny skin.

they exhibit cephalization

Our most potent weapon in the fight against viruses is

vaccinations

Two basic mechanisms by which antibiotics fight infections are in the inhibition of cell wall synthesis, and in the alteration of cell membranes, so

viruses are not affected at all, bc they do not produce their own cell walls or cell membranes