Bio 121- Chapter 5 study set
Which of the following processes generate genetic variation during sexual reproduction?
-Independent Assortment -Random Fertilization -Crossing Over
If a cell had 12 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis II, how many would each daughter cell have after the completion of meiosis II?
12
Assuming complete dominance, what is the expected ratio of genotypes of the offspring following the cross of two heterozygotes?
1:2:1
How many chromosomes did you inherit from your father?
23
If a human diploid cell and a human haploid cell somehow manage to fuse together and not lose any of the chromosomes, how many sets of chromosomes would be inside the newly formed cell?
3
How many chromosomes would be found in the karyotype of a down syndrome female?
47
How many chromosomes would a typical human cell have after mitosis but before cytokinesis?
92
Human white blood cells are often multinucleated (In other words, have more than one nucleus). How many chromosomes would be present in a white blood cell with two nulclei?
92
How much of your DNA is identical to that of another person of the same sex?
99.5 %
What is a character?
A character is an inherited feature that varies from individual to individual
What causes the furrow during cleavage?
A ring of contractile protein fibers pinches the cell in two.
What is a trait?
A trait is a particular variation of a character
Most human genes come in alternate versions called ____.
Alleles
When does the cell plate form during cell division?
At the completion of plant mitosos
The following F1 cross is made: BBGg x Bbgg. Which is NOT possible outcome in the F2 generation?
BbGG
Which process requires DNA to undergo duplication before it can proceed?
Both mitosis and Meiosis
A duplicated chromosome remains tightly paired with its partner at a region called the ____.
Centromere
What is the name of the part in the middle of the chromosome?
Centromere
DNA plus its associated proteins is called a ____.
Chromatin
Genes are located on ______.
Chromosomes
The DNA of every eukaryotic cell is stored in one or more _______ located where?
Chromosomes located in the Nucleus
Chromosomes contain most of the cell's ______ which acts as the molecule of heredity.
DNA
If an organism has two non-identical versions of a gene, the one that IS expressed in the organism is called the ___.
Dominant Allele
How could an emybryonic stem cell be used to repair a severed spine?
Embryotic stem cell can grow into any cell other cell type, including a nerve cell.
If your grandparents were in the F1 generation, what generation are you in?
F3
What type of cells do not undergo mitosis?
Gametes
What is the genetic Make up of an organism?
Genotype
What specifically separates during meiosis I?
Homologous chromosomes
During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated?
Interphase
When I say a flower is "purple," what have I described?
Its phenotype
What is teh name of the syndrome that produces the XXY combination of sex chromosomes?
Klinefelter syndrome
Genes located near one another on the same chromosome are often inherited together. These are called ____.
Linked Genes
Is an individual with the XXY combination of chromosomes anatomically male or female?
Male
Reccessive disorders related to genes found on the X chromosome but not on the Y are more commonly expressed in _______.
Males
What produces genetically unique daughter cells?
Meiosis
When does crossing over occur?
Meiosis I`
A zygote (i.e., a fertilized egg) undergoes development to grow. What mechanism is used to generate more cells?
Mitosis
Dead or damaged cells are replaced by the process of ________.
Mitosis
Is the number of chromosomes in each cell of an organism a good indicator of the complexity of that organism?
No, the number of chromosomes does not indicate how complex an organism is.
What leads to an individual having too many or two few chromosomes?
Nondisjunction
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during mitosis?
Nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, chromosomes split, nuclear membrane forms.
Two alleles of the same gene _____.
Originate from the same parent
The physical traits of an organism are called its ____.
Phenotype
Assuming incomplete dominance, if a homozygous red-flowered plants is crossed with a homozygous white-flowered plant, what will be the color of the offspring?
Pink
Which of the following processes generates a continuum (spectrim) of varying phenotypes?
Polygenic Inheritance
If an organism has two non-identical versions of a gene, the one that is not expressed in the organism is called the ____.
Recessive Allele
Before a cell divides, it copies all of its chromosomes. While the two copies of a chromosome are attached they are called ____.
Sister chromatids
What are attached at the centromere?
Sister chromatids
What specifically separates during meiosis II?
Sister chromatids
What specifically separates during mitosis?
Sister chromatids
What is the difference between two alleles of the same gene?
The information they carry. For example. one allele might carry the information for blue eye pigment, while the other carries the information for brown eye pigments
Define Mendel's law of independent assortment.
The inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another character
When one cell goes through cell division, it produces _______.
Two identical cells
The offspring produced via sexual reproduction are genetically _______ to the parents.
Unique
Would a human close have a bellybutton?
Yes
Upon fertilization, the egg and sperm fuse to form a single cell called a(n) _______.
Zygote
If mitosis makes somatic cells, what does meiosis make?
sex cells