BIO 132 Ch. 3

The overall process of glycolysis is responsible for breaking down one glucose molecule into

1 molecule of pyruvate and 2 molecules of ATP

Movement in cilia and flagella is driven by motor molecules, which are powered by

ATP

This type of diffusion also requires...in order for the process to occur

ATP

During....transport, substances move across the membrane from low to high concentration

Active

The movement is going...the concentration gradient

Against

If the contents of a beaker are isotonic in relation to the interior of the cell, water will

Both enter and exit the cell at equal rates so no net loss or gain occurs

A...is the basic unit of life

Cell

All living things are made up of at least one...

Cell

The cells that line the respiratory tract are.....allowing them to sweep debris back up the throat, keeping the lungs clean

Ciliated

These...cells also move an egg along the oviduct, where it can be fertilized by a......sperm cell

Ciliated , flagellated

What is the relationship between the process of diffusion and a cell?

Diffusion is one of the mechanisms by which cells exchange materials with the surrounding environment

Which of the following correctly defines diffusion?

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration , or down their concentration gradient.

If the contents of a beaker are hypertonic in relation to the interior of the cell, water will

Enter the cell and lysis will occur

If the contents of a beaker are hypertonic in relation to the interior of the cell, water will

Exit the cell and crenation will occur

Molecules dissolved in a solution are in constant motion due to their chemical energy

False

The citric acid cycle is responsible for producing a bulk of ATP generated during cellular respiration

False

The reactions make up cellular respiration occur entirely within the mitochondria of cells

False

In the event of feedback inhibition, .... would build up in the cell, interact with .... and slow or stop the pathway

G , enzyme 1

Lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicles that arise from the

Golgi apparatus

The lysosomes contains...enzymes

Hydrolytic

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by

Lowering the energy of activation required

Cilia and flagella are both involved in...

Movement

Certain white blood cells engulf microorganisms and bring them in to digest them. This process is best described as

Phagocytosis

New cells can arise only from...cells.

Preexisting

If the equation above represents the steps of a metabolic pathway, B is the ....of the first reaction and the ..... for the second.

Product, reactant

This type of diffusion requires a...carrier in the plasma membrane

Protein

The purpose of the preparatory reaction is to break down.... into ...... so it can enter the citric acid cycle

Pyruvate, acetyl-CoA

A is the beginning .... and G is the final .... of the pathway

Reactant, pathway

each individual reaction in the pathway is catalyzed by a .... enzyme, indicated by the numbers

Specific

A 5% urea solution is hypotonic to a 10% urea solution.

True

Diffusion continues until the molecules, like sugar in the animation, become evenly dispersed in a solvent, like the water in the animation

True

Enzymes have no effect on the energy levels of the reactants or products of reactions, only the energy of activation

True

If a cell is placed in an isotonic medium, there will be no net movement of water

True

If the material the cell takes in is liquid, the process is termed pinocytosis.

True

In a biochemical pathway, the product of the first reaction becomes the substrate in the second reaction

True

Lysosomes function in the destruction and recycling of old organelles

True

The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria

True

Solute concentration on either side of a semi-permeable membrane influences the net movement of water because...

Water moves down its concentration gradient, from areas of higher water concentration (low solute concentration) to areas of lower water concentration (high solute concentration).

Red blood cells put in a hypotonic solution will

be destroyed by hemolysis.

Exocytosis is a process by which cells

release substances from the cell via vesicles.

Which of the following will pass through a cell membrane most easily?

small nonpolar molecules

Osmosis is best defined as the movement of

water molecules across a membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower concentration.