Bio 1407 Lecture exam #4

Which of the following is not a characteristic of lophotrochozoans?

A hemocoel

The term "cyclostome" means "circle mouth." The term "agnathan" refers to jawless fishes. According to this information, which of the following is true?

Agnathans include lampreys and hagfishes.

Which of the following about modern echinoderms is true?

All have a water vascular system.

Which type of tissue has a high mineral content?

Bone

Which of the following is not a lineage of deuterostome animals?

Brachiopods

Which is the correct order, from smallest to largest?

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Which of the following is not a characteristic of deuterostomes?

Coelom that develops from splitting of the mesoderm

Arthropods are the most numerous animals on Earth. Which trait likely made the smallest contribution to their success?

Color of the exoskeleton

Compared to modern people of other continents, the genomes of modern native people of Asia, Melanesia, and Australia contain higher proportions of _______ genes.

Denisovan

_______ tissue forms the innermost lining of abdominal organs.

Epithelial

Which statement is true?

Extracellular fluid consists of blood plasma and interstitial fluid.

Why do some biologists consider the term "craniates" more appropriate than "vertebrates" in referring to the group that includes hagfishes along with the rest of the vertebrates?

Hagfishes have partial skulls.

_______ insects, a subgroup of the _______ insects, undergo _______ metamorphosis.

Holometabolous; neopteran; complete

Which of the following includes only deuterostomes?

Human, lizard, echinoderm, and chicken

Which of the following is not a derived trait of chordates?

Internal calcified skeleton

What is an advantage of mesoderm-derived muscle lining the body cavity and surrounding organs in coelomate animals, when compared with pseudocoelomate animals?

It gives better control over fluid movement in the body cavity

Which statement about bipedal locomotion is false?

It increases the rate of gas exchange.

The embryo of an amniote egg is held within a fluid-filled sac called the amnion. How does the amnion retain advantages of a fish or amphibian egg floating in a pond?

It supports the embryo in fluid.

If an animal is kept in an enclosure at a constant temperature equal to its body temperature, which mechanism is responsible for most of its heat gain?

Metabolism

Which of the following are not lophotrochozoans?

Nematodes

Flatworms have no coelom. Gene sequencing shows that their closest relatives are the bryozoans (which are coelomate) and the rotifers (which are pseudocoelomate). Which of the following is a legitimate conclusion? A)Flatworms and rotifers form a monophyletic group. B) Flatworms and bryozoans form a monophyletic group. C)There must be flaws in the gene sequence analyses. D)Flatworms and rotifers form a monophyletic group and there must be flaws in the gene sequence analyses E) None of the above

None of the above

Which animal type does not have symmetry of body plan?

Placozoans

Which of the following correctly describe the roundworm?

Pseudocoelomate and protostome

In the figure, the madreporite is an external opening of a calcified tube that communicates with the circular canal in the middle of the animal. What substance passes through the madreporite, and in which direction?

Salt water passes through the madreporite into the body and into the water vascular system.

Which of the following is not a lineage of protostome animals?

Sponges

Which of the following statements about coelomate animals is false?

The body cavity of coelomates is filled with mesenchyme.

Which statement about bilaterally symmetrical animals is true?

The dorsal surface is the back, and the ventral surface is the underside.

The thermal limits for most functions in animal cells range from approximately

The thermal limits for most functions in animal cells range from approximately

Which of the following about mollusks is false?

The visceral mass secretes the shell that is typical of many mollusks.

Which statement about brachiopods is false?

They are bivalve mollusks.

Which statement about nematodes is true?

They are one of the most abundant of all animal groups.

One group of pogonophorans, a polychaete clade, lives thousands of meters below the ocean surface near deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Which of the following is least likely to be functionally related to these facts?

They are related to annelids.

Bryozoans, annelids, and mollusks are grouped as lophotrochozoans. Which characteristic do they have in common?

They have a ciliated trochophore.

Which characteristic of bryozoans would indicate that they feed by sweeping a feeding organ through the water?

They have lophophores.

Which statement about protostomes is true?

They have mesoderm.

How do nematocysts help protect some cnidarians?

They inject toxins into prey.

Which feature is an important characteristic of connective tissues?

They provide both structure and support.

From the figure, what can you conclude about the relationship between Homo erectus and H. sapiens?

They share a common ancestor.

Which trait is not found in early deuterostomes, including the extinct yunnanozoan (shown)?

Vertebral column

Characteristics unique to animals include

a nervous system.

Caenorhabditis elegans is a model organism in the laboratories of geneticists and developmental biologists. It matures in three days, has a fixed number of body cells, and is

a soil-inhabiting nematode.

Parasitic flukes _______, and thus most of the body can be devoted to reproduction.

acquire all of their nutrients from their host

Ecdysozoans

all have a cuticle.

The countercurrent heat exchanger of some large, rapidly swimming "hot" fish

allows heat to be maintained in the muscles.

An example of neoteny (retention of juvenile characters into the adult form) is

aquatic habits of adult salamanders.

Crocodilians, birds, and dinosaurs are grouped as archosaurs because they

are all carnivorous.

Because they _______, lizards and snakes will position themselves in the sun to warm their bodies.

are ectotherms

All oligochaetes

are hermaphrodites.

Macrophages engulf cellular debris, microbes, cancer cells, and foreign substances, so it is advantageous for them to be large, but their size is limited by the amount of _______ they have as they grow in size.

cell membrane surface area

Arthropods were able to transition from aquatic to terrestrial environments due to a _______.

chitinous exoskeleton

If an animal exhibits radial cleavage, it may not necessarily be classified as a ______ but would still be classified as a bilaterian.

deuterostome

The cuticle is relatively thin and flexible in

ecdysozoans that exchange gases and water across the body surface.

If you find that a tissue in an organ is secreting mucus and absorbing nutrients, it is most likely _______ tissue.

epithelial

The four basic tissue types are

epithelial, muscle, connective, and nervous.

A pseudocoelomate animal lacks a

fluid-filled body cavity lined on the outside and inside with mesoderm.

An aquatic animal with a foot and mantle possesses _______ for gas exchange.

gills

Members of Homo neanderthalensis

had a range that overlapped with that of Homo sapiens.

A member of the protostome group of animals

has a mouth derived from the blastopore.

Annelids

have a coelom.

Animals with a coelom have an advantage over other triploblastic animals because they

have better control over movement than other triploblasts.

Fungi, such as mushrooms, can be distinguished from animals because only animals

have internal digestion.

Chondrichthyans and ray-finned fishes both

have paired fins.

The characteristic that best defines placozoans as animals is that they

have two surface layers with a layer of contractile fibers in between them.

Hemichordates differ from echinoderms in that

hemichordates have bodies composed of three parts: proboscis, collar, and trunk; echinoderms do not.

If you are out in subfreezing weather for an hour without protective clothing, it is unlikely that you will die, but if you put a culture of your own nerve cells out in the same weather, they will die. The main reason for this difference is that

homeostatic regulation of your internal body temperature enables you to survive exposure to extreme temperatures.

The thermoregulatory functions of the mammalian hypothalamus have been studied by implanting probes to heat or cool it. If its hypothalamus is cooled, an animal will

increase metabolic heat production.

Positive feedback

increases deviation from a set point.

Stratified squamous epithelium

is made up of several layers of cells, the outer layers of which are flattened.

The bilaterian group of animals

is monophyletic and bilaterally symmetrical.

A soft-shell crab is one that has just _______.

molted

When compared with the thermal limits for life, the thermal tolerance of a given species is usually

narrower.

Marsupials differ from eutherians in that

some marsupial species can glide but none can fly, whereas some eutherian species can fly.

In regulatory systems, negative feedback

stimulates a return toward the set point.