BIO 141 Midterm 4

Not directly involved in the clotting process

hemoglobin

When the effect of the stimulus is counteracted, is called______ feedback?

negative

How can red blood cells bind to oxygen in the lungs but then offload it near body cells that need it?

oxygen diffuses into or out of the blood following its concentration gradient

Which organ secretes neutralize stomach acid before it reaches the intestines?

pancreas

Maintaining a steady state internal environment, despite a changing external environment, is called ________.

Homeostasis

Function of the sinatrial node?

Initiates the contraction of the heart

Blood cells that fight infections

Lymphocytes

True or false?

Mechanical and chemical digestion both occur in the mouth and int he stomach

What moves your food in your trachea?

Peristaltic muscle contractions

Role of epiglottis

Prevents food from entering the windpipe

The intensity of competition between 2 species increase as

The similarity of their lifestyle and requirements and lifestyles increases when resources are limited

Choose the defining characteristic of all arteries.

They carry blood away from the heart.

What does the villi do?

To absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract

not a function of the circulatory system?

To produce and store all of the immune system cells

"lub," "dub" physical action of the heart

"lub" signifies the closing of the AV valves; "dub" signifies the closing of the semilunar valves

The term interface can be used to describe the surface across which molecules and ions are exchanged, often diffusing between external and internal environments or between organ systems. What part of the respiratory system forms the interface between the respiratory system and the circulatory system?

Alveoli

Which of the following statements about the bones is false?

Bones are dry and dead, made up of calcium and connective fibers with a few blood vessels running through them

function of the circulatory system

To transport nutrients to the cells and to remove wastes from the cells To carry chemical signals, such as hormones through the body To distribute heat throughout the body

Which medication prevents viral infections by priming the immune system against a specific virus?

Vaccine

Where are red and white blood cells produced?

bone marrow

What kind of effect has an increasing impact as population size increases?

density-dependant

Organs are made up of a collection of

different types of tissues

Most accurate about systolic pressure

it is the pressure when the heart contracts

Where in the human digestive system are the substances that help digest fat produced?

liver

When talking about the pulmonary circuit, this specifically circulates blood to the

lungs

What carries a signal from one neuron to the next?

neurotransmitter

Most of the absorption of nutrients (besides water) takes place in the

small intestine

Blood vessel that drain blood from the head and shoulders

superior vena cava

Not a major component of the digestive system

thyroid

Which type of white blood cells produce defensive proteins called antibodies?

B cells

Pathway of blood through the heart

body ->RA -> RV -> lungs -> LA -> LV -> body

Essential nutrient is specifically a nutrient that your body _____________

cannot make itself

Thinnest blood vessels

capillaries