Bio 1620 - Exam 1 - Lecture quizzes

What is the best definition of a seed as discussed in class?

A plant embryo surrounded by food and a protective coat

Which of the following is NOT part of the female part of the flower? Anther Ovule Style Stigma

Anther

Malaria is caused by the protist Plasmodium sp. which is in the group known for having a number of organelles at its tip to assist in penetration of host cells such as our red blood cells. Which group does it belong to?

Apicomplexans

Halophiles, Thermophiles, and Methanogens are groups within which parent taxa?

Archaea

Prokaryotes are comprised of which two domains of life?

Archaea and Bacteria

Orthologous genes are those that:

Are evolving independently following a gene duplication event within a single species.

Cactus flowers that bloom at night are more likely to rely on which species for pollination?

Bats

Topsoil contains all but which of the following? Humus Minerals Living organisms Bedrock

Bedrock

The largest protist, a multicellular seaweed known as kelp, is a member of which group of protists?

Brown Algea

The scientist credited with standardizing the binomial naming system for organisms (the so-called scientific name comprised of a genus and species) is:

Carolus Linnaeus

Which of the following is not generally true of prokaryotes? Horizontal gene transfer. Cellular compartmentalization via organelles. Incredible metabolic diversity. Rapid evolution via short generation times.

Cellular Compartmentalization via organelles

Which protist group is most closely related to plants (as determined by genetic analysis and unique trait similarities)?

Charophytes

A single flower that has all four major floral organs is consider to be a/an

Complete Flower

The presence of the Cryolophosaurus fossil on Antarctica is evidence that:

Continents have moved over time, changing their environment for the animals which live there.

Which of the following elements is NOT a macronutrient of plants? Carbon Sulfur Copper Magnesium

Copper

The plant-like bacteria, capable of photosynthesis and its associated oxygen production are called:

Cyanobacteria

Through which plant tissue do water and minerals enter the plant from the outside world?

Dermal

Among the most beautiful protists are the tiny photosynthetic phytoplankton known as ______. They have glass-like silicon-dioxide shells, and they are so abundant they represent a surprising percentage of worldwide photosynthesis. Additionally, their fossilized shells can be used as a pesticide.

Diatoms

Which of the following is not a primary role of the root for the plant? Energy acquisition Energy storage Anchoring the plant Water and mineral absorption

Energy Acquisition

Protists represent a monophyletic group or clade (True or False).

False

Angiosperms are the only plant group to develop true:

Flowers

Which is NOT true of the Alternation of Generations life cycle found in plants? Meiosis produces haploid spores. Sporophytes are multicellular. Gametophytes are multicellular. Gametophytes are only single-celled.

Gametophytes are only single-celled

The scientific name of our mascot, the Wolverine, is:

Gulo Gulo

Pollination occurs in which of the following groups? Monilophytes Green Algae Gymnosperms Bryophytes (Mosses)

Gymnosperms

Which group of plants became dominant as a result of the drying out of earth's climate around 250 mya?

Gymnosperms

Water always flows from an area of ________ to an area of __________?

High water potential; low water potential

All but which of the following are beneficial to seed plants. Heterospory Homospory Reduced gametophytes Seeds

Homospory

Cation exchange requires plants to secrete which chemical into the soil?

Hydrogen ions

Which of the following was NOT a benefit to plants when they moved onto land? Increased access to carbon dioxide Increased access to water Increased access to sunlight Increased access to soil

Increased access to water

Asexual reproduction provides all but which of the following benefits to plants? Continued propagation of individuals well-suited to an unchanging environment. Reduced energy expenditure for finding a mate. Increased variation of offspring Increased survival of vegetative offshoots when compared with seeds.

Increased variation of offspring

How does the sperm cell of a seed plant reach the egg cell?

It is carried by the pollen tube that grows into the ovule.

Once their dinosaur overlords were wiped out at the end of the Cretaceous period, which animal group became the largest-bodied and most dominant clade on earth in the Cenozoic Era?

Mammals

Which of the following is NOT a method of genetic recombination prokaryotic reproduction? Transformation Conjugation Transduction Meiosis

Meiosis

During which era did dinosaurs reign? Anthropocene Cenozoic Mesozoic Paleozoic

Mesozoic

Grasses have parallel veins in their leaves. They are thus in which plant group?

Monocot

Rhizobium bacteria form intensely intimate relationships with plant roots. What is their primary function that benefits plants?

Nitrogen-fixing

Carnivorous plant such as the Venus flytrap catch organisms such as flies for which purpose?

Nutrients rare in their environment (soil)

Which of the following is NOT one of the four supergroups of protists?

Opisthokonts

Which of the following is a Monocot? Oak Tree Pampas Grass Saguaro Cactus Bigtooth Maple

Pampas Grass

The class Reptilia is considered to be a __________ group because birds are not included.

Paraphyletic

Which plant cell type has a flexible cell wall and is found in photosynthetic and fruit tissue?

Parenchyma

Gram-positive bacteria have high concentrations of which molecule, due to their thick cell wall?

Peptidoglycan

Prokaryotes that get their energy from the sun but their carbon from organic molecules are called:

Photoheterotrophs

A diagram showing the evolutionary relationships of organisms is specifically called a:

Phylogeny

The highest level of classification of organisms is the:

Phylum

Alpine Pennycress is a plant able to absorb quantities of toxic zinc from the soil and store it within its tissues. It is thus a useful example of the process of:

Phytoremediation

Green algae are the group most closely related to _____________.

Plants

The male gametophyte is found in the:

Pollen Grain

Bulk flow is based predominantly on:

Pressure

Stromatolites are excellent examples of fossils for which primitive group of organism? Prokaryotes Sponges Landplants Seaweed

Prokaryotes

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps scientists hypothesize is necessary for non-living matter to become a living cell? Endosymbiosis of prokaryotes Polymerization of monomers into polymers such as proteins Formation of monomers such as amino acids Protocell

Protocell

Which part of the angiosperm first emerges from the seed?

Radicle

The synergids of the female gametophyte:

Release chemicals to attract the pollen tube and sperm

Loam is the best soil type for plants, and it contains equal amounts of clay, sand, and silt? Which soil component has the largest size, and is thus useful to create air pockets?

Sand

What molecule was likely the first genetic material because it can act as a catalyst for its own replication? Double-stranded RNA Single-stranded RNA Protein DNA

Single-stranded RNA

The closest relatives on a phylogeny are known as:

Sister Taxa

Which of the following organisms is MOST likely to be preserved in the fossil record? Slug Earthworm Snail Jellyfish

Snail

Which process is the main determinant of the direction of phloem flow? Tension-cohesion Root pull Source-sink Negative pressure

Source-sink

Which statement is true for both ferns and mosses? -Sperm have to swim through film of water to reach egg. -Gametophytes are much smaller than sporophytes. -Pollen must be blown from antheridium to archegonium. -Xylem and phloem carry necessary nutrients throughout the plant.

Sperm have to swim through film of water to reach egg.

Most cactus leaves are basically reduced to which structures?

Spines

Strawberries and other plants send out "runners" with small plantlets to reproduce asexually. What is the scientific term for these structures?

Stolons

Angiosperms are currently the most widely spread and dominant plant group in most areas of earth. Where are gymnosperms still dominant?

The Taiga (cold forests of Siberia and Canada).

Self-pruning is likely to occur in leaves found:

The shaded part of trees, or those with less access to sunlight

Which generalization is true for all protists?

They are all eukaryotes.

Arbuscular mycorrhizae are found in 85% of plant species. Which is the best definition of their interface with plants? hey remain outside the dermal tissue of plants, surrounding the lateral roots only. They follow the apoplastic route into the plant staying outside of the cell walls. They breach the plasma membrane and share cytoplasm via the transmembrane route. They form extensions that push against the plasma membrane of plants like fingers pushing into a balloon without popping it.

They form extensions that push against the plasma membrane of plants like fingers pushing into a balloon without popping it.

Which process at the leaves is the main driver of the bulk transport of xylem sap? Lateral growth Transpiration Calvin cycle Mineral pumping

Transpiration

Which of the following structures do NOT improve root function by increasing its effective surface area? Root hairs Trichomes Lateral roots Mycorrhizae

Trichomes

Double-fertilization creates a diploid zygote and a/an:

Triploid endosperm

In which environment would you expect to find the largest leaves on plants?

Tropical Rainforest

Plant cells placed in a hypotonic environment (in which the plant cell has a higher solute concentration than its surroundings) would become:

Turgid

Which trait is found in ALL plant groups except the the one including primitive Bryophytes (Mosses)?

Vascular Tissue

Which is an example of an angiosperm? Cycad Ginkgo Tree "Mormon" Tea Wild rose

Wild Rose

True/False: We can determine the age of dinosaur fossils quite accurately by calculating the amount of radioactive Uranium that has decayed inside their bones.

false

Water and minerals that only travel through the plants cytoplasm and plasmodesmata would be following which route? Multiplastic Transmembrane Symplastic Apoplastic

symplastic