BIO 2 Ch 13

Which characteristic could NOT be used to differentiate the three worm phyla, Annelida, Platyhelminthes, and Nematoda?

bilateral symmetry because they all have bilateral symmetry

In order to build coral reefs, which are home to the most diverse marine ecosystems on the planet, corals secrete:

calcium carbonate

Octopuses belong to which of the following groups?

cephalopods

Which is the greatest advantage of radial symmetry?

evenly distributed appendages and sense organs, facilitating movement in any direction

Which statement best explains why fins and jaws evolved in a parallel manner?

Fins and jaws work together; fins get you to the organism you are going to eat, and jaws capture and kill it. The two work in tandem: fins provide controlled movement through water, and jaws allow for seizing and chewing prey.

Which statement regarding the differences between reptiles and amphibians is true?

Reptiles have amniotic eggs, whereas amphibians do not. As a result, amphibians must lay their eggs in water, while reptiles lay their eggs on land.

Which characteristic is unique to vertebrates in the phylum Chordata?

The notochord is not present throughout life; rather, it is only found in early embryos and is replaced by the vertebral column (backbone).

What is the key difference between protostomes and deuterostomes?

The protostome gut develops from front to back, so the first opening is the mouth. The deuterostome gut develops back to front, and the second opening becomes the mouth. The way in which their gut develops is the difference between the two.

Why is the term "worm" considered misleading in an evolutionary sense?

The three phyla we call worms are less closely related to one another than they are to other phyla.

Sea stars, a type of echinoderm, are seemingly harmless organisms. Which, if any, is a defense/predation mechanism of the sea star?

The tube feet are used to pull apart shells and the stomach can be pushed out through the mouth to aid in digestion of the prey within the shell. Although they look like defenseless organisms, they hunt bivalves, holding onto to them, spreading their shells apart, inserting their stomachs inside, and digesting them. They are hardly defenseless!

Evolutionary development from water to land

need the ability to breathe oxygen in the air, lungs evolved from air sacs

Which characteristic is unique to lobe-finned fish?

pelvic and pectoral fins

which groups grow by molting?

roundworms and arthropods