BIO 203 - Chapter 1 Questions

What is the process that some microbes can use to convert N2 (the most common gas in the atmosphere) to a form other organisms can use to make proteins and nucleic acids?

Nitrogen-fixation

Spongiform encephalopathies are caused by infectious proteins. This information indicates that the infectious agent is a ______. - prion - virus - viroid

Prion

Because they are often caused by a Helicobacter pylori infection, most stomach ulcers are treatable with _______ - antibiotics - antacids - vaccines - surgery

antibiotics

Which microorganisms have cells that lack membrane-bound organelles? -protists -bacteria -yeast -archaea

bacteria and archaea

Which microorganism lack a membrane bound nucleus? - algae -yeast -protozoa -archaea -bacteria

bacteria and protozoa

Bacteria produce ethanol, hydrogen gas, and certain oil, which all have the potential to be used as - biofuels - energy - fuel

biofuels

the use of microorganisms to solve a practical problem is the definition of

biotechnology

In algae, photosynthesis takes place in ______, which have chlorophyll, a green pigment

chloroplasts

The "Old Friends" hypothesis suggests that ______.

early exposure to certain microorganisms helps protect people from asthma, allergies, and some other diseases

An infectious disease that has become more common in the past 35 years is referred to as a ________ infectious disease

emerging

Members of which domain can be affected by viruses? -eukarya -archaea -bacteria

eukarya, archaea, bacteria

A microbial metabolic process used in the manufacture of food and beverages such as yogurt, cheese, pickled vegetables, bread wine and beer is known as

fermentation

In research, a model organism should... a. have a similar life span as other organisms b. look similar to other organisms c. function in a manner similar to other organisms

function in a manner similar to other organisms.

The microscopic filaments of mold are called _____.

hyphae

What describes a viroid? - it contains a small strand of DNA - it mainly infects insects - it consists of a short strand of RNA - contains a complex protein coat

it consists of a short strand of DNA

Which group includes some members that can convert N2 (the most common gas in the atmosphere) to a form other organisms can use to make proteins and nucleic acids - animals - plants - microbes

microbes (process called nitrogen fixation)

Consider the Human Microbiome Project begun in 2007. The term "microbiome" has which of two overlapping meanings? - the local environment in which an individual human lives in - microbial community itself - total genetic content of microbial community - ecosystem which humans live in

microbial community itself and total genetic content of microbial community

Microorganisms are useful in the study of higher life form for which of the following reasons? - microorganisms have the same fundamental genetic properties - there are fewer species of microorganisms, so studying them is simpler - microorganisms lack cells, making them less easier to observe with a microscope - microorganisms have the same basic metabolic mechanisms - microorganisms multiply quickly - microorganisms are cheaper to study

microorganisms have the same fundamental genetic properties, microorganisms have the same basic metabolic mechanisms, microorganisms multiply quickly, microorganisms are cheaper to study.

Why do microorganisms serve as important models for study of higher organism?

microorganisms have the same fundamental metabolic and genetic properties as other organisms.

Which is true about viruses? - outside of host cells, viruses are inactive - viruses are composed of cells - viruses can only multiply in host cells

outside of host cells, viruses are inactive and viruses can only multiply in host cells

All of the following are factors that account for the emergence of new diseases in developed countries except - suburban expansion into rural areas - parents not getting their kids vaccinated - change in organisms DNA - changing lifestyles of humans

parents not getting their kids vaccinated (emergence of old diseases)

A patient in Seattle, WA is diagnosed with malaria. What is the most likely explanation for this diagnosis? - patient was bitten by a mosquito while hiking in WA mountains - patient was infected by a coworker - patient was infected while visiting a country where malaria in endemic

patient was infected while visiting a country where malaria is endemic

All of the following are found in Algae except - a nucleus - flagella - cell wall - chloroplasts - peptidoglycan

peptidoglycan

What are composed mainly of proteins?

prions

Which are more resistant to sterilization technique? - prions - viruses - bacteria

prions

Like plants, some microorganisms - produce oxygen - convert N2 - are photosynthetic into an organic form

produce oxygen and are photosynthetic into an organic form

Like plants, some microorganisms... a. produce oxygen b. are photosynthetic c. convert N2 into an organic form

produce oxygen and are photosythetic

What type of cells have a nucleoid region?

prokaryotic cells

Algae and protozoa also referred to as ____, a diverse group that falls within the domain Eukarya.

protists

Characteristics of archaea similar to bacteria include all of the following except - energy sources used - ribosomal RNA sequences - prokaryotic cell structure - method of multiplication - shape

ribosomal RNA sequence

Which of the following are characteristics of protozoa? - multicellular eukaryotes - single-celled eukaryotes - microscopic - posses a rigid cell wall

single-celled eukaryote and microscopic

Algae are ____

single-celled/multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes

If cattle, sheep, and deer had a microbe-free digestive tract, they would - gain weight - starve

starve (bc they only rely on microorganisms to break down the cellulose in plant material)

The human body and its microbial inhabitants can be best compared to ________. - the earth's environments and their interacting inhabitants - a buss filled with people - a growing tree being consumed by termites

the earth's environments and their interacting inhavitants

True or False: vaccinations have helped reduce the spread of mumps, measles and whooping cough in developed countries

true

True or False: without microorganisms, we would run out of certain nutrients

true

Cervical cancer caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and can be prevented by a(n): - antibiotic - chemotherapy - vaccine - radiation therapy

vaccine

Which of the following are classified as acellular infectious agents? - archaea - viruses - prions - viroid

viruses, prions, and viroid

Which of the following are manufactured by microbial fermentation? - fresh milk - ice cream - yogurt - cheese - beer

yogurt, cheese, and beer

When considering the human body and it's microbial inhabitants, we could best be described as _____.

A planet composed of various ecosystems, with an important part of these ecosystems being a population of interacting microbes.

Which disease are due to organisms "jumping" from a natural animal host to using humans as a host? Resurgent or Emerging

Emerging

Which diseases are due to organisms "jumping" from a natural animal host to using animals as a host? Emerging or Resurgent

Emerging