BIO 2200 Chapter 11

To make an adequate library for sequencing prokaryotic genes, a vector should hold inserts in the range of A) 2-10 kbp. B) 0.5-l kbp. C) 50-100 kbp. D) 10-50 kbp.

A) 2-10 kbp.

Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) can be constructed using the A) plasmid. B) M13 phage. C) M plasmid. D) R plasmid.

A) plasmid

The genes encoding luciferase, green fluorescent protein (GFP), and β-galactosidase are typically used in cloning as A) reporter genes. B) transcription regulators. C) global control genes. D) promoter sequences

A) reporter genes.

Detecting a specific protein with an antibody is considered a(n) ________ method. A) screening B) isolation C) duplication D) selection

A) screening

What type of vector can replicate and be maintained stably in two (or more) unrelated host organisms? A) shuttle B) expression C) virus D) integrating

A) shuttle

M13 is an ssDNA filamentous phage used for A) site-directed mutagenesis. B) creating gene fusions. C) assembling vectors. D) hybridization.

A) site-directed mutagenesis.

Which statement is TRUE? A)YACs are more likely than BACs to undergo recombination and rearrangement. B)YACs and BACs undergo recombination and rearrangement at about the same rate. C)BACs are more likely than YACs to undergo recombination and rearrangement. D)It is impossible to state with any certainty whether YACs or BACs are more likely to undergo recombination and rearrangement, because environmental factors play a major role in theprobability of one or the other occurring.

A)YACs are more likely than BACs to undergo recombination and rearrangement.

If a foreign gene is cloned into a host, it is important that the cloned host itself A)not produce the protein being studied. B)repress the genetic expression being studied. C)produce signal proteins to tag the host protein. D)produce the protein in larger amounts than the vector

A)not produce the protein being studied.

Which of the following genomes have almost no introns? A)those belonging to prokaryotes B)those belonging to microbial eukaryotes C) those belonging to plants D) those belonging to animals

A)those belonging to prokaryotes

Which of the following terms is used to describe a synthetic DNA fragment? A) DNA probe B) DNA cassette C) DNA hybrid D) operon

B) DNA cassette

Which is the organism of choice for most molecular cloning? A) Vibrio natriegens B) Escherichia coli C) Bacillus subtilis D) Saccharomyces cerevisiae

B) Escherichia coli

Which of the following sequences is a palindrome? A) TTGCCGA AACGGCT B) GAATTC CTTAAG C) GGGGGGG CCCCCCCC D) GTAATG CATTAC

B) GAATTC CTTAAG

Which of the following procedures was named after its developer? A) Western blot B) Southern blot C) Northern blot D) Eastern blot

B) Southern blot

A vector that can be used to clone a desired gene that contains regulatory sequences so the expression of the gene can be manipulated is called a(n) ________ vector. A) endogenous B) expression C) stability D) regulatory

B) expression

Expression vectors are designed to ensure that ________ can be efficiently ________. A) DNA / transcribed B) mRNA / transcribed C) mRNA / translated D) DNA / translated

B) mRNA / transcribed

An illustration that indicates all regions where a particular restriction endonuclease cleaves a DNA sequence is called a(n) ________ map. A) reporter B) restriction C) cleavage D) shotgun

B) restriction

mRNA transcripts are converted into cDNA by A) a restriction endonuclease. B) reverse transcriptase. C) RNA polymerase. D) DNA polymerase.

B) reverse transcriptase.

The enzyme that covalently links both strands of a vector and inserted DNA in molecular cloning is A) DNA phosphatase. B) DNA hydrolase. C) DNA ligase. D) DNA transferase.

C) DNA ligase.

Nucleic acid hybridization is widely used for ________ segments of DNA. A) identifying B) detecting C) characterizing D) all of the above.

C) characterizing

Most vectors are derived from A) human chromosomes. B) bacterial genomes. C) plasmids or viruses. D) mRNA.

C) plasmids or viruses.

Which construct would be MOST useful in studying translational control? A) operon fusion B) gene fusion C) protein fusion D) all of the above

C) protein fusion

The class of restriction endonucleases that cleave the DNA within their recognition sequences is known as A) type I. B) type III. C) type II. D)All restriction endonucleases cut within their recognition sequence

C) type II.

Which statement is CORRECT about genomic analysis? A)Sequencing of DNA and cloning of fragments are done simultaneously. B)Sequencing of DNA precedes cloning of fragments. C)Cloning of fragments precedes sequencing of DNA. D)It does not matter whether sequencing or cloning occurs first.

C)Cloning of fragments precedes sequencing of DNA.

The principle behind a nucleic acid probe is that the probe itself contains A)at least three separate sequences of the gene of interest to minimize false positives. B)an antibody to specifically bind to the gene of interest. C)a key part of the base sequence of the gene of interest. D)all of the nucleotide sequence of the gene of interest to conclusively identify the gene.

C)a key part of the base sequence of the gene of interest.

After digesting a DNA sequence, a restriction endonuclease can generate A) sticky ends. B) overhangs. C) blunt ends. D) all of the above.

D) all of the above.

Molecular cloning includes A)placing the gene of interest into a convenient vector. B)locating the gene of interest. C)obtaining and purifying a copy of the gene of interest. D) all of the above.

D) all of the above.

By definition, genetic engineering techniques are performed A) in toto. B) in vivo. C) in situ. D) in vitro

D) in vitro

One of the more formidable obstacles to mammalian gene cloning is the presence of A) integrators. B) exons. C) repressors. D) introns.

D) introns.

A(n) ________ gene is a gene that encodes a protein that is easy to detect and assay. A) translational B) encoder C) recorder D) reporter

D) reporter

Type II restriction endonucleases A)natively function to methylate specific nucleotides and prevent foreign DNA from being incorporated into the genome B) are heterodimers. C)require ATP energy to cleave dsDNA. D)recognize nucleotide sequences that are palindromic.

D)recognize nucleotide sequences that are palindromic.

One problem with both BACs and YACs is that genetic regions of these chromosomes cannot be subcloned

fakse

It is usually desirable to design a vector that transcribes cloned genes at high levels at all times

false

Site-directed mutagenesis is an in vitro method that removes mutations at specific locations in a sequence.

false

Viral vectors can be used for molecular cloning, but plasmid vectors cannot

false

Although a gene library may contain tens of thousands of clones, finding the clone of interest is the biggest challenge.

true

Although various codons often code for the same amino acid, it is important to choose the codon preferred by the expression host itself.

true

Banding patterns generated from restriction analyses of either whole chromosomes or specific genes from a series of organisms can yield an indication of their genetic relationships.

true

Cloning vectors are small, independently replicating genetic elements used to replicate cloned genes.

true

Genetic engineering includes techniques that result in genetically modified organisms

true

In principle, a type II restriction endonuclease with an 8-nucleotide recognition sequence should cut 1 in every 48 nucleotide positions.

true

Modification enzymes typically methylate specific bases within the recognition sequence toprevent digestion of the nucleotide sequence by restriction endonucleases.

true

Often organisms used as hosts for genetic engineering must have specific genotypes to be effective

true

One basic technique of genetic engineering includes the ability to cut the DNA of interest into random fragments.

true

One important advantage of eukaryotic cells as hosts for cloning vectors is that they already possess the complex RNA and posttranslational processing systems required for the production of eukaryotic proteins

true

Strong promoters used for genetic manipulation are usually regulated by specific molecules.

true