Bio 223 - Sections 16.1 - 16.3
How many motor neurons are needed to carry an action potential from the spinal cord to smooth muscles in the wall of the intestine?
2
Which of the following is NOT a response to increased levels of sympathetic activity?
Increased digestive and urinary functions
Why is the axon of a ganglionic neuron called a postganglionic fiber?
It carries impulses away from the ganglion
Which of the following is a neurotransmitter used by the sympathetic nervous system?
Nitric oxide Acetylcholine Norepinephrine
What is the major structural difference between sympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic fibers?
Preganglionic fibers are short, and postganglionic fibers are long.
How does a medication that blocks beta receptors help a patient with high blood pressure
The medication blocks the beta-1 receptors in the heart from stimulating an increase in the force and rate of heart contractions.
Stimulation of which receptor brings about contraction of the smooth muscle in vascular smooth muscle
alpha 1
Which of the following sympathetic receptors causes an increase in heart rate and force of contraction and an increase in metabolic activity?
beta 1
Stimulation of which receptor causes dilation of the airways?
beta 2
Which of the following is unique to the sympathetic nervous system
chain ganglia
Which ganglia are part of the sympathetic division and are located anterior to the vertebral bodies
collateral ganglia
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the autonomic nervous system
controls skeletal muscle
Which of the following is NOT an effect of the sympathetic nervous system
decreased heart rate
Important functions of the postganglionic fibers that enter the thoracic cavity in autonomic nerves include which of the following?
dilating the respiratory passageways accelerating heart rate increasing the force of cardiac contractions
Cholinergic postganglionic sympathetic fibers that innervate the sweat glands of the skin and the blood vessels of the skeletal muscles are stimulated during exercise to __________
keep the body cool and provide oxygen and nutrients to active skeletal muscles
The summary effects of the collateral ganglia include which of the following?
redirection of blood flow and energy use by visceral organs and release of stored energy
Which organs are NOT controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
skeletal muscles
What is the name of the endocrine gland that is innervated by the sympathetic division of the nervous system and is a modified sympathetic ganglion?
suprarenal gland
What is the term for the chain of ganglia in the sympathetic nervous system that lies right outside the vertebral column?
sympathetic chain ganglia
Which division of the nervous system "kicks in" during periods of exertion, stress, or emergency?
sympathetic division of the ANS
Based on just the anatomy, how can you distinguish the sympathetic division from the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
the origin of preganglionic fibers
Ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system synapse with the cells they innervate through structures called __________.
varicosities
The nerve bundle that carries preganglionic fibers to a nearby sympathetic chain ganglion is the __________
white ramus