Bio 225 - Test 2 HW

Lamellae

What is the term for the layers of bony matrix surrounding the vessels and nerves?

What divalent cation is required to create additional bone matrix support?

Calcium

Osteoblasts

Classify the cells seen at the arrow in a image A

Which of the following statements is true?

During endochondral ossification, hyaline cartilage is broken down and replaced with bone.

Which contributes most directly to the hardness of bone?

Hydroxyapatite

For intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary?

Ossification centers form in the fibrous connective tissue membrane

Store calcium on bone, lowering plasma calcium levels

Osteoblast

Which description of bone cells is incorrect?

Osteopenia cells can differentiate into osteoclasts

Cartilage grows in two ways, AP positional and interstitial. What is appositional growth?

The secretion of a new matrix against external face of the existing cartilage.

Chondrocyte hypertrophy and deterioration

What event at letter B leads to elongation of the bone?

trabeculae

What bone-associated structures in panel C are indicated by the arrow?

The formation of bone in a membrane

Which of the following best describes the process shown above?

Periosteum; dense irregular connective tissue

Which of the following correctly pairs structure C with its primary component?

D

Which step in the figure contains compact bone?

Which hormone is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children?

calcitonin

PTH promotes the formation of which hormone?

calcitriol

Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?

calcitriol

Which of the following are correctly matched?

compound fracture; the fractured bone ends penetrate the skin

What single factor plays the largest role in maintaining adequate bone strength?

gravity