BIO 228 A&P Chapter 27: Nutrition Connect Review

Place the events of cellular respiration in order.

1. glycolysis 2. intermediate stage 3. citric acid cycle 4. electron transport system

Which are water-soluble vitamins? C E B K A D

B C

Which is a category of vitamins? Hypertonic and hypotonic Integral and peripheral Essential and Trace Fat-soluble and water-soluble

Fat-soluble and water-soluble

Match each mineral with its function(s) in the human body.

Fe ---> binds oxygen in hemoglobin, binds electrons in the ETS Ca ---> blood clotting, bone formation I ---> integral part of thyroid hormone Zn ---> protein synthesis wound healing

______ delivers cholesterol from the liver to the cells where they are engulfed via receptor-mediated endocytosis. VLDLs HDLs LDLs

LDLs

True or false: All minerals are obtained from the diet.

True

Poultry is an example of ______ protein. a complete an incomplete

a complete

Your father's annual physical exam shows he has a low level of HDLs. This concerns you because you know this puts him at increased risk for ______. emphysema anemia a heart attack low blood pressure

a heart attack

If you have breakfast at 7 AM, your body is in the ______ state until 11 AM. quasi-absorptive absorptive pre-absorptive postabsorptive

absorptive

Which factors can influence your nutrient requirements? age, body mass, culture age, gender, body mass gender, body mass, wealth age, gender, nationality

age, gender, body mass

The total metabolic rate is calculated by adding the ______ metabolic rate to the metabolism required for physical activity.

basal

If you don't eat for 12 hours then rest comfortably at room temperature, the amount of energy your body is using is your ______. static metabolic rate active metabolic rate basal metabolic rate total metabolic rate

basal metabolic rate

Minerals serve many functions in the human body including which of the following? beta oxidation of fats DNA replication binding oxygen blood clotting generation of an action potential

binding oxygen blood clotting generation of an action potential

The most important factor affecting a person's basal metabolic rate is their ______. body surface area gender stress level age

body surface area

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celsius is called a ______.

calorie

What is the name of a water-filled chamber into which a person is placed, so that changes in water temperature can be recorded in order to estimate their BMR? spirometer calorimeter respirometer

calorimeter

BMR can be measured using which instruments? calorimeter skin fold caliper bioelectrical impedance respirometer

calorimeter respirometer

Which are metabolic functions of the liver? electrolyte balance carbohydrate metabolism production of essential amino acids detoxification lipid metabolism

carbohydrate metabolism detoxification lipid metabolism

The temperature of your head and torso is your ______ body temperature.

core

Iron is an integral component of which of the following? cytochromes in the electron transport chain blood clotting factors hydroxyapatite of bone muscle contraction

cytochromes in the electron transport chain

In which stage of cellular respiration is the energy carried by FADH₂ and NADH converted into ATP? citric acid cycle glycolysis electron transport system intermediate stage

electron transport system

A calorie is a measure of ______. pressure energy temperature

energy

Basal metabolic rate is the amount of ______ to keep the body functioning. calories consumed energy expended pressure needed

energy expended

Metabolic rate is the measure of ______ in a given period of time. energy used pressure used temperature generated

energy used

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are ______-soluble vitamins. fat water

fat

Cellulose is a type of ______. fiber sugar protein

fiber

On the USDA MyPlate, one-half of the plate is taken up by ______. vegetables and carbohydrates protein and dairy fruits and protein fruits and vegetables

fruits and vegetables

Which factors can influence our nutrient requirements? gender nationality body mass age culture wealth

gender body mass age

In which stage of cellular respiration is a glucose molecule broken down into two pyruvate molecules? glycolysis citric acid cycle electron transport system intermediate stage

glycolysis

Match each stage of cellular respiration with its description.

glycolysis ---> Glucose is broken down into two pyruvates. intermediate stage ---> Each pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA. citric acid cycle ---> Acetyl CoA binds to oxaloacetic acid forming citric acid. electron transport system ---> Energy in NADH and FADH2 is used to make ATP.

What are the four food categories found on MyPlate? grains dairy fats vegetables proteins meat fruits carbohydrates

grains vegetables proteins fruits

Your core body temperature is the temperature of which body parts? arms head torso hands feet legs

head torso

Which blood cholesterol levels would indicate an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease? high LDLs low HDLs low LDLs low total cholesterol high total cholesterol high HDLs

high LDLs low HDLs high total cholesterol

A person's basal metabolic rate is ______ at age 30 than at age 50. lower higher

higher

Total metabolic rate is ______ than basal metabolic rate. lower higher

higher

The "thermostat" of our body that regulates our body temperature is the ______. pituitary gland hypothalamus pons pineal gland

hypothalamus

An increase in metabolic rate will cause a subsequent ______ in body temperature.

increase

An increase in thyroid hormone levels will cause a(n) ______ in body temperature. decrease increase

increase

During the absorptive state of digestion, blood levels of glucose, triglycerides, and amino acids are ______. remaining stable decreasing increasing

increasing

Minerals are ______ ions. organic inorganic unstable negatively charged

inorganic

The ability to change one type of nutrient biomolecule into another is known as ______.

interconversion

If someone is on a high protein, low carb diet (such as the Atkins diet), how does their body ensure enough glucose still gets to the brain? interconversion of protein to glucose deamination of amino acids beta oxidation of fatty acids oxidative phosphorylation

interconversion of protein to glucose

What mineral binds oxygen in red blood cells and binds electrons in the electron transport chain? calcium iron iodine magnesium

iron

If you consume more cholesterol in your diet, your liver will respond by synthesizing ______ cholesterol. the same amount of less more

less

What is the largest internal organ that has several hundred functions including bile production and serving as a glucose "bank"? liver stomach pancreas

liver

Which organ is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins plus plays a central role in the transport of lipids throughout the body? spleen liver brain pancreas

liver

Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) have ______ cholesterol levels than low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). lower higher

lower

Lacto-ovo vegetarians do not eat ______. eggs meat cheese milk

meat

A decrease in ______ rate will result in a decrease in body temperature.

metabolic

The amount of energy used by the body in a set amount of time is known as the ______ rate. kinetic energetic caloric metabolic

metabolic

Vitamins and minerals are examples of ______. micronutrients macronutrients

micronutrients

Match each type of carbohydrate with the number of simple sugars it contains.

monosaccharide ---> one disaccharide ---> two polysaccharide ---> many

According to MyPlate, you should consume ______ vegetables than fruits.

more

Your New Year's resolution is to drastically reduce the amount of cholesterol in your diet by eating less meat and more fruits and vegetables. After a few months, your liver will respond by producing ______ cholesterol. no more less

more

In addition to supplying our body with amino acids, proteins are a good source of ______. sodium iron nitrogen calcium

nitrogen

Carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals are examples of ______. enzymes nutrients micronutrients

nutrients

The study of how living organisms obtain the nutrients required in order to survive is called ______.

nutrition

Vitamins are ______. organic inorganic

organic

The USDA now uses an image of a ______ to visually show the proportions of each food type that should be in a healthy diet. fork plate four squares pyramid

plate

Carbohydrates that are made of long chains of simple sugars are called ______.

polysaccharides

The time between meals, when your body is relying on stored nutrients, is the ______ state. semi-absorptive pre-absorptive postabsorptive absorptive

postabsorptive

While you are sleeping, your body must rely on stored nutrients in order to maintain homeostasis, so you are in the ______ state.

postabsorptive

Because lipids are hydrophobic and insoluble in blood, they must be transported throughout the body bound to a(n) ______. protein ion carbohydrate globin

protein

Meat, dairy products, poultry, fish, beans, and nuts are all good sources of what nutrient? carbohydrates protein lipids vitamins

protein

Which nutrient is a good source of nitrogen? carbohydrate protein vitamins lipid

protein

Core body temperature ______. remains stable tends to fluctuate

remains stable

Milk and cheese are sources of ______ fatty acids. saturated unsaturated

saturated

Which are functions of the liver? storing glucose production of red blood cells production of bile production of most digestive enzymes production of clotting proteins

storing glucose production of bile production of clotting proteins

Lipids are carried in the blood bound to proteins because ______. they are hydrophobic they are amphibolic they are hydrophilic

they are hydrophobic

Which hormone has the most profound effect on body temperature? thyroid hormone growth hormone aldosterone melatonin

thyroid hormone

Which hormones can influence body temperature? thyroid hormone melatonin growth hormone aldosterone epinephrine oxytocin

thyroid hormone growth hormone epinephrine

Our body requires only small amounts of what type of mineral? major trace complete nonessential

trace

Fats and oils are dietary sources of ______. monosaccharides triglycerides amino acids nucleic acids

triglycerides

Fats composed of glycerol and fatty acids are called ______.

triglycerides

Fatty acids are separated into which groups? unsaturated fatty acids tetricunsaturated fatty acids saturated fatty acids polyunsaturated fatty acids

unsaturated fatty acids saturated fatty acids polyunsaturated fatty acids

If our body starts to get too warm, our hypothalamus stimulates the sweat glands and ______. decreases respiratory rate vasodilation decreases heart rate vasoconstriction

vasodilation

The USDA MyPlate includes which of the following categories of food? vegetables, fruits, lipids vegetables, grains, meat vegetables, fruits, grains fruits, grains, carbohydrates

vegetables, fruits, grains

Match each term with its definition. lacto-ovo vegetarian vegetarian

vegetarian ---> does not eat meat lacto-ovo vegetarian ---> does not eat flesh but does eat milk, eggs, and cheese

Determine if each vitamin is water-soluble or lipid-soluble.

vitamin B ---> water-soluble vitamin A ---> lipid-soluble

Organic molecules which are required for normal metabolism but are only present in small amounts in food are called ______.

vitamins

It is especially important to have a varied diet in order to ensure you meet your body's need for ______. amino acids and vitamins lipids and minerals vitamins and minerals vitamins and carbohydrates

vitamins and minerals

Which are minerals? zinc iron bicarbonate ferritin albumin calcium

zinc iron calcium