BIO 264 Quiz reviews

How would you describe the solution with a concentration of H+ ions = 1x10-4 M?

Acidic

Plants store glucose in which form(s)?

Amylose and Amylopectin

You are given two unknown liquids labeled X and Y. You decide to run some experiments to determine what they are. You pour the liquids into separate beakers and begin to heat them up. As the liquids sit on the hot plate you notice that liquid X heats up much faster and begins to boil. Based on this information, what can you conclude about the hydrogen bonds in each liquid? Liquid X can form more hydrogen bonds. Liquid Y can form more hydrogen bonds. Liquid X has a higher heat of vaporization. Liquid Y has a higher heat of vaporization. A and D B and D A and C B and C

B and D

Two nitrogen atoms are measured and weighed. The atomic number of nitrogen is 7 and we find that the first nitrogen atom has an atomic mass of 14, while the second nitrogen atom has an atomic mass of 13. Which of the following statements are true about the nitrogen atoms? They have the same number of neutrons but a different number of electrons. We have found an isotope. The two atoms have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. Both A and B Both B and C All of the above.

Both B and C

If one were to add a strong acid like H C l to an aqueous solution, which of the following would result? H + would be released into solution The pH would increase The pH would decrease Both H + would be released into solution and the pH would increase Both H + would be released into solution and the pH would decrease

Both H + would be released into solution and the pH would decrease

Which of these divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

Diaphragm

In a person whose body makes lactase, where would you expect lactose to be digested and absorbed?

Digested and absorbed in the small intestine

What is true of a double covalent bond? Double covalent bonds are always polar covalent bonds Double covalent bonds are formed between two ions Double covalent bonds share two pairs of electrons Double covalent bonds are a subtype of hydrogen bonds

Double covalent bonds share two pairs of electrons

Which of the following is not true about enzymes? Enzymes are very specific and act on only certain substrates Enzymes are a type of fibrous protein and contribute to the strength and structure of our body Enzymes' function is determined by enzyme shape Enzymes may require cofactors or vitamins to work properly

Enzymes are a type of fibrous protein and contribute to the strength and structure of our body

If you were trying to describe the difference between globular and fibrous proteins to a three-year-old, which of the following analogies would work best? Globular proteins look like baseball bats Globular proteins look like baseballs Fibrous proteins look like baseball mitts Fibrous proteins look like home plate

Globular proteins look like baseballs

Which statement is correct? If the mass number of an atom changes, it becomes either an anion or a cation. The mass number tells us how many protons are in the nucleus of that element. If you change the mass number but not the atomic number, you are creating an isotope. The atomic number tells us the total number of protons, neutrons, and electrons that are associated with an element.

If you change the mass number but not the atomic number, you are creating an isotope.

Blood pressure decreases and the body responds in a way that causes the blood pressure to decrease even more. Which of the following would best fit this statement? Homeostasis Negative feedback Positive feedback Regulation

Positive feedback

Which of the following matches is correct with regard to protein structure? Primary structure = sequence of amino acids bound together by peptide bonds Second structure = interaction between a protein's amino acid R-groups and its environment Tertiary structure = alpha helices and beta-sheets Quaternary structure = covalent bonds between amino acid R-groups within the same protein

Primary structure = sequence of amino acids bound together by peptide bonds

Which statement is true regarding protons? Protons are found in the nucleus. Protons are the only subatomic particle with a charge. All elements have the same number of protons. Protons don't have a specific location in the atom. Rather, they are found in orbitals and energy shells.

Protons are found in the nucleus.

Amino acids differ from each other based on their________ group. amine R acid ionic

R

Which of the following contains three components of the homeostatic control system? Stimulus, integrating (control) center, set point Receptor, integrating (control), effector organ Receptor, effector organ, set point Receptor, integrating (control) center, positive feedback

Receptor, integrating (control), effector organ

Identify the mismatched pair. Monosaccharide = ribose Maltose = glucose + glucose Lactose = glucose + fructose Polysaccharide = glycogen

Lactose = glucose + fructose

What is not an example of the body systems trying to maintain homeostasis? Laughter Hyperventilation Shivering and goose bumps Increased heart rate

Laughter

Which of the following is a true function or property of lipids? Lipids dissolve well in water Lipids yield less energy per gram than carbohydrates Lipids are an important component of biological membranes Lipids represent one of the least diverse classes of biological macromolecules

Lipids are an important component of biological membranes

Which of the following correlates the highest with deposition of fatty plaques on the arterial walls? High-density lipoprotein Medium-density lipoprotein ATP Low-density lipoprotein None of the above

Low-density lipoprotein

Which one of the following statements about monosaccharides is false? Monosaccharides may combine to form polysaccharides. Monosaccharides form polysaccharides in the body primarily in the linear form. Monosaccharides form polysaccharides in the body that can be stored in the liver. Monosaccharides dissolve in water.

Monosaccharides form polysaccharides in the body primarily in the linear form.

Choose the correct statement from the following options. Enzymes are used up during chemical reactions. Enzymes are not very specific. Most enzymes end with the suffix -ase. Enzymes function independent of shape.

Most enzymes end with the suffix -ase.

When dissolved in water, NaCl dissociates but glucose does not. Why?

NaCl is bound by ionic bonds and the atoms making up glucose are covalently bonded.

Which statement is false regarding ionic bonds? A cation is an ion with a positive charge. Neon and argon would form an ionic bond because they both have full electron shells. In an ionic bond, one atom has less electrons than protons and one atom has more electrons than protons. In an ionic bond, the ions are trying to fill their electron shells and that is what attracts them to each other.

Neon and argon would form an ionic bond because they both have full electron shells.

How many electrons are in the outer most energy shell for a potassium atom?

One electron

Which of the following is not a component of a carbohydrate? Carbon Phosphate Hydrogen Oxygen

Phosphate

Physiology is the study of____?

Physiology is the study of the processes or functions of living things.

Which is an example of a positive feedback mechanism? Uterine stretching during pregnancy: Stimulates uterine muscle contraction Increased blood pressure: Heart rate decreases Rise in body temperature: Sweat glands increase secretion Increase in blood glucose levels: Stimulates insulin secretion

Uterine stretching during pregnancy: Stimulates uterine muscle contraction

Proteins are produced by linking amino acids together through reactions called______?

dehydration synthesis

Proteins that are inactivated due to mis-folding are said to be_____

denatured

Due to water's unique chemical properties, some small organisms, like water striders, are able to move around on the surface of the water without sinking. If you add soap (a compound that interferes with the hydrogen bonds between water molecules) to water, water striders will sink. Why? The soap will pull the legs of the water striders down into the water. Water makes hydrogen bonds with the soap instead of with itself, disrupting the surface tension. Soap creates new covalent bonds with water, becoming non-polar so surface tension disappears. None of the above.

Water makes hydrogen bonds with the soap instead of with itself, disrupting the surface tension.

When soluble ionic compounds are placed in water, their ions_____?

dissociate or separate from one another

An interaction between two polar molecules where a partial-positive charged hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to the partial-negative charge of a nitrogen atom of the other molecule is called_______?

a hydrogen bond

on the pH scale, _____?

a low number corresponds to a high concentration of free hydrogen ions

The osmolarity of a solution is _________?

a measure of solute concentration

A cation is____?

a positively charged atom or molecule

If the [H +] of a solution is less than 1 x 10-7 it is____?

basic

The abbreviation "HCO 3-" stands for_______

bicarbonate ion

A researcher discovered a new hormone in the human body that raises blood calcium levels. According to the principles of negative feedback, this hormone would be secreted when____? blood calcium levels increase blood calcium levels decrease when blood calcium levels increase or decrease from the set point none of these would cause the secretion of this hormone

blood calcium levels decrease

A conjugate acid-base pair_____? acts as a buffer can combine with H +in a solution can release H + to combine with OH- describes carbonic acid ( H 2 C O 3 ) and bicarbonate ions ( H C O 3 − ) is all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is a characteristic of an amphipathic molecule? It contains a charged portion It contains a hydrophobic portion It contains a hydrophilic portion All the above

all of the above

Which of the following statements about lipids is true? Lipids are insoluble in water. Cholesterol and fats are different varieties of lipids. Fat molecules contain C, H, and O. All of the above.

all of the above

Which of the following statements are true? 1. Fatty acid and glycerol molecules are bound together through a dehydration synthesis reaction. 2. A characteristic of steroids are their hydrocarbon rings. 3. Cholesterol is used to synthesize steroid hormones. 4. Glycerol is always the same, while fatty acid chains can vary in length and number of single bonds.

all of the above

The building blocks of proteins are_____?

amino acids

Which unit do we use to define the weight of atoms?

amu

Feedback mechanisms contain all of the following except______? a set point a control center an effector an equilibrator

an equilibrator

In water, hydrogen bonding occurs between the hydrogen atom in one molecule and____?

an oxygen atom in a different molecule

Fatty acids______? can donate a hydrogen, making them acids bind to glycerol through a dehydration synthesis reaction vary in length, number, and type of bonds are all of the above

are all of the above

If you wanted to cut an organ into transverse sections then you would cut it______? along the long axis of the organ at a 90° angle to the long axis of the organ at a 45° angle to the long axis of the organ at a 90° angle to the short axis of the organ

at a 90° angle to the long axis of the organ

During protein synthesis, which level of protein structure is most affected by the hydrophilic or hydrophobic nature of the surrounding environment?

Tertiary

Which of the following describes the position of the nose? inferior to the chin Superior to the mouth Posterior to the ears Lateral to the eyes Superior to the forehead

Superior to the mouth

If an acid is added to a buffer, what will happen? Conjugate acid releases H+ Conjugate base releases OH- The additional H+ is bound by the conjugate base preventing a large change in pH The additional H+ is bound by the conjugate acid preventing a large change in pH

The additional H+ is bound by the conjugate base preventing a large change in pH

Ben Hitt was involved in a motorcycle accident and suffered severe trauma to his leg resulting in severe blood loss. Initially, Ben's heart rate elevated, but his blood pressure continued to decrease. After the bleeding was stopped and Ben was given a blood transfusion, his blood pressure increased back to set point. Which of the following statements is most consistent with the symptoms and results? Ben's body never even attempted negative feedback in this situation. Negative feedback systems were adequate and a blood transfusion was probably unnecessary. The blood transfusion overcame the effects of a likely positive feedback loop. Blood pressure normally drops at times of trauma, blood loss, and pain, and this is why the heart rate increased. B and D are both correct.

The blood transfusion overcame the effects of a likely positive feedback loop.

Which part of the amino acid structure gives the protein its shape?

The bonds between the "R" groups

Why can't the human body breakdown cellulose?

The human body lacks the enzymes to digest cellulose. The bond configuration between glucose molecules is different in cellulose than it is in glycogen.

How does a polar bond hold water together?

The hydrogen ends of the bond are slightly more positive than the oxygen bonds, which are slightly more negative.

Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of a protein? The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. The regular repeating segments of the polypeptide chain. The functional shape of a single chain of amino acids. The interaction of the subunits of a protein complex.

The interaction of the subunits of a protein complex.

Which of the following is true when comparing solutions with a pH of 6 and a pH of 8? The solution with a pH of 8 has a concentration of hydrogen ions that is 100 times higher than a solution with a pH of 6. The solution with a pH of 8 has a concentration of hydrogen ions that is 2 times higher than a solution with a pH of 6. The solution with a pH of 8 has a concentration of hydrogen ions that is 100 times lower than a solution with a pH of 6. The solution with a pH of 8 has a concentration of hydrogen ions that is 2 times lower than a solution with a pH of 6. The hydrogen ion concentration does not appreciably differ between a solution with a pH of 8 versus that with a pH of 6.

The solution with a pH of 8 has a concentration of hydrogen ions that is 100 times lower than a solution with a pH of 6.

If 3 moles of MgCl2 are put in a liter of water, then which of the following statements is true? (Mark all that are true, there may be more than one.) The solution would have a molarity of 1. The solution would have a molarity of 3. The solution would have an osmolarity of 3. The solution would have an osmolarity of 6. The solution would have a molarity of 6. The solution would have a molarity of 1.5. The solution would have an osmolarity of 1.5. The solution would have an osmolarity of 9.

The solution would have a molarity of 3. The solution would have an osmolarity of 9.

Electrolytes are______?

cations and anions that dissociate in water

Vitamin C is not useful for helping to overcome the common cold, but as a ____________ it can be essential to protein function.

coenzyme

Peptide bonds are an example of what type of bonding?

covalent

Bonds that share electrons are called_______, whereas bonds that have a complete electron transfer are called_______.

covalent, ionic

A patient's blood pH changes from 7.4 to 6.90. Which of the following is true? This patient is in a state of alkalosis. This patient is in a state of acidosis. The patient is still within the normal blood pH range.

This patient is in a state of acidosis.

Captain Jack Sparrow is in a sword fight with an evil skeleton pirate. If Jack were to cut off the skeleton's head, his sword would be following which body plane? Coronal Sagittal Transverse Frontal Lateral

Transverse

Ions disassociated in water could be called_____?

electrolytes

Which particles of the atom are found in orbitals that make up different energy shells?

electrons

An element with six electrons in its outer shell will want to____?

gain two electrons

One calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one _________of water one degree_______?

gram, Celsius

Ionic compounds tend to be_____?

hydrophilic and disassociate in water readily

What happens when an acid is added to an aqueous solution? 1. A decrease in [H +] 2. An increase in [H +] 3. Dissociation of H + and other ions 4. A decrease in pH 5. An increase in pH

increase in H+, dissociation of H+ and other ions, a decrease in pH (2,3,4)

An increase in blood CO2____? increases blood hydrogen ion concentration and blood alkalinity increases blood hydrogen ion concentration and blood acidity decreases blood hydrogen ion concentration and blood alkalinity decreases blood hydrogen ion concentration and blood acidity

increases blood hydrogen ion concentration and blood acidity

Bob has just finished donating plasma to earn some extra money. Donating plasma took longer than he thought and he is in a hurry to meet up with some friends. As he stands up and starts to walk toward the door, he begins to feel lightheaded due to decreased blood flow to his brain. Luckily, another person saw Bob beginning to faint and caught him just in time. When Bob awakens, he is told that he fainted due to orthostatic hypotension: a rapid drop in blood pressure. Fainting helped Bob's body restore homeostasis by________? increasing blood pressure and blood flow to the head decreasing his heart rate through the baroreceptor reflex further decreasing blood pressure to allow more blood flow to the brain activating a positive feedback loop

increasing blood pressure and blood flow to the head

The enzyme that is able to convert lactose into glucose and galactose is most likely named___________

lactase

The anatomical term that means "away from the midline of the body" is_______

lateral

In a covalent bond, the electrons are_____?

shared by two atom

Proteins can serve all of the following functions except____? catalyze metabolic reactions give structural strength to cells and tissues produce muscular and other forms of movement regulate transport of solutes into and out of cells store hereditary information

store hereditary information

The cavity of the body immediately superior to the diaphragm is the ________cavity.

thoracic

If a subject were sawed in half at the waist during a magic show leaving superior and inferior portions, then they were cut along the __________plane.

transverse

Which organ system produces heat?

muscular system

What type of bonds form from the unequal sharing of electrons?

polar covalent

Molecules that form when electrons are shared unequally between atoms are called____?

polar molecules

Insulin is a molecule comprised of 51 amino acids. Based on the size of insulin, some authorities call insulin a_____?

protein

Which subatomic particle determines the atomic number?

proton

A buffer system _____?

regulates the pH of a solution by resisting large changes in pH through conjugate acid-base pairs

Which of the following body organ systems would help maintain blood pH? Integumentary system Muscular system Respiratory system Endocrine system

respiratory system

A vertical plane that separates the body into right and left portions is called a ______plane.

sagittal

To make a 1% solution of glucose, you would dissolve______ gram(s) of glucose into enough water to make a 100mL solution.

1

Triglycerides________? 1. make up 90% of dietary fat 2. are made of glucose and fatty acids 3. help to cushion and insulate the body 4. can contribute to problems with obesity 5. are a major form of fat in plants and animals 1 and 3 1, 2, and 5 1, 3, and 5 1, 3, 4, and 5

1, 3, 4, and 5

Regarding the body, homeostasis is maintaining a constant_______? external environment internal environment normal range of a particular variable A and C B and C

B and C

What is a mole? 602000000000000000000000 An easier way to quantify molecules The molecular weight of a substance measured in grams All of the above A and B only

All of the above

Which two monosaccharides make up sucrose?

Glucose and fructose

Which two monosaccharides make up lactose?

Glucose and galactose

What is the difference between glycogen and starch?

Glycogen is from animals, starch is from plants

In the reversible reaction, C O 2 + H 2 O ↔ H 2 C O 3 ↔ H + + H C O 3 − − , a decrease in respiration rate will increase the concentration of C O 2 in the blood. What will this do to the amount of H + in the blood? H + will increase H + will decrease H + will be unchanged

H + will increase

What are the two secondary structures of a protein?

Helix and pleated sheet

Lipids_____? are comprised of carbon and hydrogen but not oxygen have a higher ratio of oxygen to carbon, making it relatively polar can be dissolved in nonpolar organic solvents such as alcohol or acetone are all of the above

can be dissolved in nonpolar organic solvents such as alcohol or acetone

A buffer___?

maintains a relatively constant pH

A term that means nearer the attached end of a limb is_______?

proximal

Which of the following statements about lipids are true? 1. Lipids are a component of every cell in the human body. 2. Saturated fats may lower health risks with the heart. 3. Trans fats are not considered healthy in any amount. 4. Unsaturated fats contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease.

1 and 3

Trans fats . 1. are solid at room temperature 2. have a sharply kinked geometry 3. are liquid at room temperature 4. are naturally abundant in nature 5. are created from unsaturated fats

1 and 5

Johnny eats three glazed doughnuts for breakfast, which caused his blood glucose levels to increase. In response to this, his pancreas secretes insulin, which results in the transfer of glucose from the blood into the cells. This process decreases Johnny's blood glucose and he starts to feel hungry again. Johnny is studying for a test and doesn't have time to go home for lunch. As his blood glucose levels continue to drop, his pancreas then secretes glucagon. Johnny's liver then responds by releasing glucose into the blood. Which of the following statements about this scenario is correct? Blood sugar level is the set point in this scenario. The release of insulin helps with negative feedback in this scenario. The release of glucagon helps with negative feedback in this scenario. The release of insulin helps through positive feedback. The release of glucagon helps through positive feedback. 1 1 and 4 1, 3, and 5 1, 4, and 5 1, 2, and 3 2 and 4

1, 2, and 3

Lipoproteins ______? 1. are an assembly of both lipids and proteins 2. form large particles that are very hydrophobic 3. shield cholesterol and triglycerides from water 4. HDL and LDL are two of the most common types

1, 3 and 4

Which of the following statements about polysaccharides are true? 1. Polysaccharides are broken down by hydrolysis reactions. 2. Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides. 3. Polysaccharides are only considered complex carbohydrates when they are branched. 4. Polysaccharides are the products of a process called gluconeogenesis. 5. Starch is an example of a polysaccharide that is digestible by humans. 1, 2, 4, and 5 1, 3, 4, and 5 2, 3, 4, and 5 1, 2, and 4 1, 2, and 5 2, 3, and 4 2, 3, and 5

1,2 and 5

For the Element U235 92 , which statement is correct? It has 235 Protons It has 235 Neutrons It has 143 Neutrons It has 143 electrons

143 neutrons

Sodium acetate is a commonly used food preservative with the formula N a C 2 H 3 O 2. This compound is soluble in water, dissolving to form two ions (N a + and C 2 H 3 O 2 −). If 2 moles of sodium acetate were dissolved in 1 liter of water, what would be the molarity of the resulting solution?

2 M

Galactose is a simple sugar like glucose (C6H12O6) and is soluble in water. If 2 moles of galactose were dissolved in 1 liter of water, what would be the osmolarity of the resulting solution?

2 Osm

Hydrocarbon chains______? 1. interact well with polar substances 2. are nonpolar 3. do not interact well with water 4. are polar

2 and 3

Which of the following statements about a base is true? 1. Adding a base to an aqueous solution would decrease the pH. 2. Adding a base to an aqueous solution would decrease [H +]. 3. There is an increased amount of [H +] in an aqueous solution when a base is added. 4. A base has a pH higher than 7.0.

2 and 4

Which of the following statements are correct? 1. Glucose and fructose need to be processed by the liver before entering other body cells. 2. Glucose can be used for energy by nearly every cell of the body. 3. High fructose corn syrup is 45% fructose and 55% glucose. 4. High fructose corn syrup may increase the number of triglycerides found in the blood. 1, 2, 3, and 4 1 and 3 1, 2, and 4 2 and 4 2, 3, and 4

2 and 4

Which of the following statements about phospholipids are true? 1. They contain a hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tail. 2. The polar heads lie towards the water. 3. They are amphipathic. 4. They form a boundary that only allows charged substances to pass through. 5. They help control what substances pass to the cytoplasm.

2, 3 and 5

Which of the following will occur if a person doesn't have the enzyme lactase? 1. Lactose will be absorbed in the large intestine. 2. Water will enter the lumen of the large intestine by osmosis. 3. Lactose will pass through the small intestine and enter the large intestine. 4. Lactose will be broken down into two galactose molecules. 5. The person will experience symptoms of abdominal bloating, cramps, and diarrhea. 1, 3, and 5 1, 2, 3, and 4 2, 3, 4, and 5 2, 4, and 5 2, 3, and 5

2, 3, and 5

Which of the following statements are true regarding HDLs? 1. They have a higher lipid : protein ratio. 2. They have a higher protein : lipid ratio. 3. They cause atherosclerosis. 4. They help prevent atherosclerosis. 5. They are known as "bad" cholesterol .6. They have more apoproteins.

2, 4 and 6

Which of the following statements about LDLs are true? 1. They are known as "good" cholesterol. 2. Monounsaturated fats may lower LDL levels. 3. LDL levels are not affected by saturated fats. 4. They are known as "bad" cholesterol. 5. Trans fats raise the LDL levels.

2, 4, and 5

If boron atoms have 5 electrons, how many electrons are in the outer electron shell of a boron atom?

3

Sodium acetate is a commonly used food preservative with the formula N a C 2 H 3 O 2. This compound is soluble in water, dissolving to form two ions (N a + and C 2 H 3 O 2 −). If 2 moles of sodium acetate were dissolved in 1 liter of water, what would be the osmolarity of the resulting solution?

4 Osm

When table salt or sodium chloride (NaCl) is placed in water,_____? 1. N a + and C l −form ionic bonds with each other. 2. N a + and C l − form polar covalent bonds with each other. 3.N a + and C l − form hydrogen bonds with water. 4. N a + and C l − form hydrogen bonds with each other. 5. Ionic bonds between N a +and C l − are broken.6. N a +and C l − form nonpolar covalent bonds with water.

5. Ionic bonds between N a +and C l − are broken

Normal blood pH is maintained within a range of____?

7.35-7.45

A true vegan, one who does not eat or use any animal products, may be deficient in ______of the 20 amino acids.

9

Which one of the following statements about glycogen is correct? Glycogen is found in the muscle and liver cells of humans. Glycogen is the only storage form of glucose in humans. Glycogen is formed exclusively by gluconeogenesis. Glycogen is less branched than amylopectin. All the above A and B B, C, and D C and D

A and B

How does water help to maintain the body's temperature even when the weather is cold? As water molecules slow down, they form more hydrogen bonds and release energy. When the body experiences a large drop in temperature it forces the water molecules to move faster in order to break hydrogen bonds and release energy as heat. As the temperature decreases, the water molecules lose kinetic energy, this allows them to form more stable polar covalent bonds. Since water has a high heat capacity it retains heat longer. A, C, and D B, C, and D A and C A and D

A and D

Which one of the following statements are true? Formation of a triglyceride from glycerol and fatty acids and formation of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides occurs via the same type of reaction. The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is greater in glucose than it is in lipids The process of hydrogenation produces cis and trans fats. Cholesterol is a steroid All the above A, B, and C B, C, and D A and D

A and D

Which of the following would have the greatest effect on increasing the speed of a chemical reaction? A core body temperature increase from 90° F to 98° F. A pH change from 6 to 7. A core body temperature increase from 101° F to 106° F. A pH change from 7 to 6.

A core body temperature increase from 90° F to 98° F.

Some people compare the mechanisms that maintain homeostasis to driving the speed limit. Which of the following situations provides the best analogy of positive feedback in our driving example? The car runs out of gas A police officer is seen in the rearview mirror and the driver gets scared and steps on the gas A dog runs out into the road and the driver steps hard on the brake The passenger in the car asks the driver to slow down

A police officer is seen in the rearview mirror and the driver gets scared and steps on the gas

Which of the following is most inferior in location? Pelvic cavity Pericardium Diaphragm Pleural cavity

Pelvic cavity

"Cutting off your nose" would be a section in the ________plane. coronal nasal median transverse sagittal

coronal

All steroid hormones are derived from which of the following? Amino acids Cholesterol Monosaccharides Phospholipids

Cholesterol

Which is not a characteristic of triglycerides? Constitutes the majority of the dietary fat in humans Stored in adipose tissue Cushions and insulates the body when stored as fat Converted to a steroid in body cells

Converted to a steroid in body cells

Which of the following sets of directional terms are most appropriately referred to as opposites? Distal and proximal Medial and inferior Superior and ventral Anterior and deep Lateral and superior

Distal and proximal

Which of the following is a true statement? Trans bonds have kinks in them, which cause the fat to be liquid at room temperature. Cis bonds are straight and cause the fat to be solid at room temperature. Fats with trans bonds can stick together more easily and form solids at room temperature. A fat containing a higher amount of carbon-hydrogen bonds is more likely to be a liquid at room temperature.

Fats with trans bonds can stick together more easily and form solids at room temperature.

Which one of the following planes divide the crural (shin) and sural (calf) regions of the body? Frontal plane Sagittal plane Transverse plane Median plane

Frontal plane

Which of the following statements is true? Neutrons have no mass. Electrons are associated with the center of the atom, or nucleus. Protons have a large mass compared to neutrons. Having the right number of neutrons is an essential part of having a stable nucleus.

Having the right number of neutrons is an essential part of having a stable nucleus.

Which of the following proteins would be most susceptible to heat? Hemoglobin (globular protein found in red blood cells) Collagen (fibrous protein found in tendons) Elastin (fibrous protein found in ligaments) Two of the above would be equally susceptible to heat

Hemoglobin (globular protein found in red blood cells)

Which of the following is an example of a "beneficial" deviation from normal set point in homeostasis? Water retention at high altitudes Inadequate delivery of blood to the heart High blood pressure during exercise Excess release of the thyroid hormones

High blood pressure during exercise

Which of the following is not an example of a negative feedback loop? Low blood sugar causing the liver to break down glycogen and release sugar into the blood. Internal bleeding causing the heart rate to increase. High body temperature causing muscle shivering and increased metabolism. When the release of estrogen from the ovary shuts down the production and release of more estrogen.

High body temperature causing muscle shivering and increased metabolism.

The picture below is an example of which type of reaction?

Hydrolysis reaction

Which is a true statement about positive feedback? It can create a cycle that leads away from homeostasis. It means any deviation from the set point is made smaller or is resisted. It has at least three components: a receptor, a control center, and an effector. The response is homeostatic and common in healthy individuals.

It can create a cycle that leads away from homeostasis.

What statement is true about homeostasis? It is the acceptance that the environment within the body is in a state of constant change. Variables have a large range for deviation prior to regulation by feedback mechanisms. It is the maintenance of a variable around a set point. The organ systems work against each other to develop the balance necessary in the body.

It is the maintenance of a variable around a set point.

A researcher was studying the control of the level of Hormone X in rats. If the level of Hormone X in the blood is controlled by a positive feedback loop, then injecting a rat with a small amount of Hormone X would have which of the following effects? It would stimulate the release of more Hormone X into the blood. It would block the release of more Hormone X into the blood. It would block the effect of Hormone X in the rat. None of the above.

It would stimulate the release of more Hormone X into the blood.

f you were an electron, and your hometown was your nucleus, what would you need to do in relation to your home town to emit light (release energy)?

Move closer to your hometown.

If orange juice has a p H of 4 and a solution of ammonia has a p H of 10, then which of the following answers are true? The H + concentration of orange juice is 4%. Orange juice is an acidic solution. Ammonia is an acidic solution. Orange juice contains fewer H + ions dissolved in an aqueous solution than ammonia.

Orange juice is an acidic solution.

Male saltwater crocodiles can reach lengths of 17 feet, with the largest salt water crocodile ever found reaching a length of over 21 feet. These massive animals are loaded with muscle, yet they have dramatic insufficiencies in their ability to thermoregulate. In other words, they depend on the sun to warm them up and the water to cool them off. If the crocodile senses a change in temperature, it must move to the water or bask in the sun to regulate body temperature. Based on your knowledge of the thermoregulatory systems in humans and the feedback loops involved, which of the following statements most likely explains why the crocodiles cannot thermoregulate like humans? Saltwater crocodiles lack a control center and therefore lack the ability to properly signal any effectors to compensate for any temperature change. Saltwater crocodiles have the ability to accomplish body temperature homeostasis, but they use different effectors than humans Saltwater crocodiles lack an efferent pathway so they cannot ever respond to fluctuations in temperature changes. Saltwater crocodiles have the ability to accomplish body temperature homeostasis, but they lack a receptor to detect temperature change.

Saltwater crocodiles have the ability to accomplish body temperature homeostasis, but they use different effectors than humans

Choose the correct statement. The neck is superficial to the head. The neck is distal to the head. The neck is cephalic to the head. The neck is caudal to the head.

The neck is caudal to the head.

Which of these statements is incorrect? The foot is distal to the knee. The right ear is medial to the right eye. The shoulder is proximal to the elbow. The spinal column is posterior to the heart. The nose is superior to the mouth.

The right ear is medial to the right eye.

In order to produce two equal halves that are mirror images of each other, the human body would need to be split along which plane? The frontal plane The coronal plane The transverse plane The sagittal plane

The sagittal plane

Which of the following best explains why a person with a fever is shivering but is hot to the touch? The integrating (control) center controlling their body temperature isn't responding to the afferent signals. The set point for the homeostatic temperature has been increased and their body is trying to match the new set point. The skeletal muscles are being overstimulated by the efferent signals. The receptors in the skin are not functioning correctly.

The set point for the homeostatic temperature has been increased and their body is trying to match the new set point.

Imagine that a solution with a pH = 4 is added to a neutral solution containing the following buffer system: H2CO3 = HCO3- + H+ What would be true after equilibrium is reached? The resultant solution would have a pH of 4. There would be an increased concentration of H2CO3 in the resultant solution. There would be a greater concentration of HCO3- ions dissolved in the resultant solution. The resultant solution would maintain the same number of H+ and HCO3- ions but the pH would change.

There would be an increased concentration of H2CO3 in the resultant solution.

Which one of the following statements about monosaccharides is true? They can be in linear or ring form. Different monosaccharides have the same structural formula but different molecular formulas. The structural formula for three common monosaccharides is C6H12O6. Two monosaccharides are produced when water is removed from a disaccharide. All the above A, B, and C B and C C and D

They can be in linear or ring form.

If we say that pure water has a neutral pH, then which of the following [H+] is considered to be acidic? [H+] of 1x10-11 [H+] of 1x10-8 [H+] of 1x10-5 [H+] of 1x10-7

[H+] of 1x10-5

An acid____?

is a molecule or compound that releases H+

A base____?

is a proton acceptor

Cellulose____? is a disaccharide is not broken down in the human body due to lack of the proper digestive enzymes is not broken down in the human body due to the lack of storage capabilities is all of the above

is not broken down in the human body due to lack of the proper digestive enzymes

Glucose___? is an isomer with fructose and maltose is the major nutrient for most cells of the body is regulated by the nervous system is a 5-carbon sugar and a monosaccharide

is the major nutrient for most cells of the body

A disaccharide______? is composed of two polysaccharides bound together would include sucrose (table sugar) is broken down into two monosaccharides in a dehydration synthesis reaction is all of the above

would include sucrose (table sugar)