Bio 2870- Quiz 7 and 8

Which of the following organs/structures synthesizes more than 90 percent of the plasma proteins? Thymus Liver Spleen Bone marrow

Liver

Which of the following is another term for heart attack? Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmia Tachycardia Myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction

In a differential count of the WBC population, what would typically be the most numerous WBC? Monocytes Lymphocytes Basophils Neutrophils

Neutrophils

What does the Q-T interval indicate? Repolarization of the ventricles. Depolarization of the ventricles. The time required for the ventricles to undergo a single cycle of depolarization and repolarization. Depolarization of the atria.

The time required for the ventricles to undergo a single cycle of depolarization and repolarization

During blood transfusions, which of the following blood types would NEVER cause an agglutination reaction when introduced into an individual with Type A+ blood? Type O- blood Type AB+ blood Type AB- blood Type B- blood

Type O- blood

How long do platelets circulate before being removed by phagocytes? A) 9-12 days B) 6-18 hours C) 2-3 days D) 4-8 weeks E) 1-2 months

A) 9-12 days

Label F represents: A) organic wastes. B) globulins. C) electrolytes. D) leukocytes. E) organic nutrients.

A) organic wastes.

Which of the following statements is true regarding gender differences in hematocrit? Androgens do not stimulate red blood cell production. Estrogens stimulate red blood cell production. Adult males, on the average, have a higher hematocrit than adult females. In males, the hematocrit represents the percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells; in females, it represents white blood cells.

Adult males, on the average, have a higher hematocrit than adult females.

What process enables white blood cells to move along the walls of blood vessels and, when outside the bloodstream, through surrounding tissues? Hemolysis Diapedesis Amoeboid movement Erythropoeisis

Amoeboid movement

Which of the following processes may be required for evaluating the efficiency of gas exchange at the lungs? Venipuncture Hemolysis Viscosity analysis Arterial puncture (or "arterial stick")

Arterial puncture (or "arterial stick")

If a red blood cell contains surface antigen B and surface antigen Rh, what would its blood type be? B+ B- O- A+

B+

A normal WBC count is about ________ cells per microliter. A) 1,500-4,000 B) 1,800-7,300 C) 5,000-10,000 D) 150,000-500,000 E) 4.4 million-6 million.

C) 5,000-10,000

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of stages in RBC maturation? A) stem cell, erythroblast stage, proerythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC B) hemocytoblast, myeloblast, reticulocyte, megakaryocyte, RBC C) myeloid stem cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC D) monoblast, promonocyte, myelocyte, band cell, RBC E) lymphoblast, proerythroblast, reticulocyte, band cell, RBC

C) myeloid stem cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC

Which of the following surface anatomical features is a deep groove that marks the border between the atria and ventricles? Auricle Apex Coronary sulcus Posterior interventricular sulcus Anterior interventricular sulcus

Coronary sulcus

Which of the following statements describes what blood does to stabilize body temperature? It bypasses the brain when body temperature is too low. It flows to the body core when body temperature is too high. It absorbs and redistributes the heat generated by skeletal muscles. It becomes more viscous and resistant to flow.

It absorbs and redistributes the heat generated by skeletal muscles.

What attaches the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch? Fossa ovalis Chordae tendineae Trabeculae carneae Interventricular septum Ligamentum arteriosum

Ligamentum arteriosum

Which of the following WBCs are agranulocytes? Eosinophils Neutrophils Lymphocytes Basophils

Lymphocytes

Which of the following WBCs are aggressive phagocytes that often attempt to engulf items as large as or larger than themselves? Monocytes Eosinophils Neutrophils Lymphocytes Basophils

Monocytes

Which population of stem cells is responsible for the production of all the formed elements of blood? Erythrocytes and leukocytes Myeloid and lymphoid (stem) cells Leukocytes and myeloid cells Lymphoid cells and leukocytes

Myeloid and lymphoid (stem) cells

During the formation of red blood cells, hemocytoblast divisions give rise to which of the following cells: Myeloid stem cells Lymphoid stem cells Myelocytes Band cells

Myeloid stem cells

Which of the following is true regarding normal cardiac muscle? Tetany, but not summation, can occur. Summation, but not tetany, can occur. Both summation and tetany can occur. Neither summation nor tetany can occur. Tetany always follows summation.

Neither summation nor tetany can occur.

Which of the following white blood cells, when mature, have a very dense, contorted nucleus with two to five lobes, resembling beads on a string? Monocytes Basophils Lymphocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils

Neutrophils

Which type of leukocytes are usually the first WBCs to arrive at an injury site? Monocytes Lymphocytes Basophils Neutrophils

Neutrophils

Following a major car accident, the patient is brought to the hospital after losing 3 liters of blood. To save the patient's life, the ER medical staff should transfuse what blood type? O- AB+ O+ AB-

O-

Which cardiac conducting system structures are responsible for establishing the rate of cardiac contraction? Action potentiating cells Plateau cells Pacemaker (nodal) cells Conducting cells

Pacemaker (nodal) cells

Which of the following substances digests fibrin strands and breaks down blood clots? Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) Thrombin Plasmin Plasminogen

Plasmin

Which formed elements of blood, which remain in circulation or in vascular organs, are produced by megakaryocytes in bone marrow? Mast cells Platelets White blood cells Red blood cells

Platelets

If blood is in the right ventricle, where would it pass through next? Pulmonary valve Aortic valve Tricuspid valve Mitral valve

Pulmonary valve

In which event of a muscle cell action potential do potassium channels open and K+ ions rush out of the cell? The plateau Stimulus Repolarization Rapid depolarization Refractory period

Repolarization

Which event in a cardiac muscle cell's action potential lasts about 75 msec and ends with closure of potassium channels? Plateau Repolarization Rapid depolarization Hyperpolarization

Repolarization

Which part of the conducting system is located in the posterior wall of the right atrium? AV bundle Purkinje fibers Sinoatrial (SA) node Left and right bundle branches Atrioventricular (AV) node

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Which of the following aspects of contraction cannot occur in a normal cardiac muscle cell? The plateau Repolarization Refractory period Tetanus

Tetanus

Why is atrial repolarization not illustrated on an ECG? It is obscured by the T wave. It is illustrated as the P wave. Ventricular repolarization occurs at the same time and is much stronger. The QRS complex masks it. Only ventricles repolarize.

The QRS complex masks it.

Which of the following statements is false? The connective tissues of the heart help the heart return to normal shape after contractions. The connective tissues of the heart form the cardiac skeleton of the heart. The connective tissues of the heart provide support for nerves of the myocardium. The connective tissues of the heart include abundant reticular and elastic fibers. The connective tissues of the heart prevent overexpansion of the heart.

The connective tissues of the heart include abundant reticular and elastic fibers.

Which statement is correct regarding the heart wall? The endothelium consists of cardiac muscle tissue, blood vessels, and nerves. The epicardium is a serous membrane that consists of an exposed epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar tissue. The cardiac muscle tissue forms bands that wrap around the ventricles and spiral into the wall of the atria. The myocardium is comprised of a simple squamous epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar tissue. The endocardium is the visceral pericardium.

The epicardium is a serous membrane that consists of an exposed epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar tissue.

Following phagocytosis during hemoglobin recycling, what is the fate of the four globular proteins of each hemoglobin molecule? They are disassembled into their component amino acids. They are stripped of iron and converted to bilirubin. They are bound to transferrin and used to synthesize new RBCs. They are stripped of iron and converted to biliverdin.

They are disassembled into their component amino acids.

Blood of which blood type has neither anti-A antibodies nor anti-B antibodies? Type AB Type A Type O Type B

Type AB

Which blood type is characterized as red blood cells with surface antigen B and anti-A antibodies? Type O Type Rh Type A Type B

Type B

Which vitamin plays a critical role in almost every stage of the clotting process? Folic acid Vitamin B12 Vitamin K Vitamin B6

Vitamin K

What is a benefit of a vascular system at the onset of hemostasis? a reduction in blood loss. the formation of collagen fibers. greater availability of calcium. an increase in peripheral blood flow. an easier passage for neutrophils to the site of injury.

a reduction in blood loss.

An individual who is blood type A could safely receive a blood transfusion from _________. a type A donor and a type O donor a type AB donor and a type B donor a type B donor and a type O donor a type A donor and a type B donor

a type A donor and a type O donor

One of the functions of blood is to absorb and neutralize the __________ generated by active tissues. bases acids enzymes carbohydrates

acids

The least numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the: monocytes eosinophils basophils neutrophils lymphocytes.

basophils

Normal blood clotting cannot occur unless the plasma contains the necessary clotting factors, which include plasma proteins and ________ ions. potassium calcium magnesium sodium

calcium

Systemic circulation is to the body as the _______________ circulation is to the heart. coronary oxygenated pulmonary deoxygenated

coronary

Recall that phagocytosis is a process in which solid, extracellular materials are packaged into a vesicle for transport into a cell (as you saw in Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function). Phagocytosis is also called "cell eating." Large particles are brought into the cell as cytoplasmic extensions (pseudopodia) surround and engulf the particle and move it into the cell. Phagocytes are cells that perform phagocytosis. They engulf substances such as bacteria, viruses, cellular debris, and other foreign material. Phagocytosis is a form of what kind of vesicular transport? endocytosis pinocytosis diffusion exocytosis

endocytosis

Which leukocytes would you expect to increase in response to a parasitic infection? neutrophils basophils monocytes eosinophils

eosinophils

Label J represents the: left atrium left ventricle right ventricle interventricular septum auricle

interventricular septum

Which condition results from abnormally high levels of bilirubin in the plasma of blood? hemoglobinuria jaundice thalassemia hematuria hypoxia

jaundice

Excess transferrins are removed in the ________, where the iron extracted from heme molecules is stored in special protein-iron complexes. liver and spleen thymus and bone marrow spleen and bone marrow thymus and spleen liver and thymus

liver and spleen

In blood smear preparations, blood is collected from which type of vessel? peripheral capillaries lymphatic ducts venules veins arteries

peripheral capillaries

Label B represents the: inferior vena cava pulmonary veins superior vena cava pulmonary trunk pulmonary arteries

pulmonary trunk

Erythropoiesis occurs only in _______ in adults. the thymus yellow bone marrow red bone marrow the spleen

red bone marrow

In adults, the stem cells responsible for the production of red and white blood cells originate primarily in the: thymus red bone marrow liver yellow bone marrow spleen

red bone marrow

The leukocyte shown here can migrate into tissues to become a: erythrocyte tissue macrophage platelet neutrophil

tissue macrophage

Which of the following plasma proteins transport ions, hormones, and lipids and have an immune function? Globulins Fibrinogen Albumins Regulatory proteins

Globulins

Which of the following blood vessels returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from the trunk, viscera, and lower limbs? Aorta Superior vena cava Left and right pulmonary veins Inferior vena cava Left and right pulmonary arteries

Inferior vena cava

Which heart valve prevents regurgitation of blood into the left atrium? Tricuspid valve Pulmonary semilunar valve Mitral valve Aortic semilunar valve

Mitral valve

In which ECG phase does ventricular repolarization occur? P wave QRS complex R wave T wave

T wave

What cannot happen in cardiac muscles resulting from a refractory period that continues until relaxation is under way? Tetanus Repolarization Depolarization The plateau

Tetanus

Which of the following statements correctly describes what occurs as a result of the depolarization that accompanies the P wave? The impulse spreads to the ventricles, triggering ventricular contractions. The atria return to the resting state. The ventricles return to the resting state. The impulse spreads across the atria, triggering atrial contractions.

The impulse spreads across the atria, triggering atrial contractions.

As repairs proceed, a clot gradually dissolves. This process is called what? intrinsic pathway fibrinolysis hemostasis clot retraction

fibrinolysis

Label S represents the: opening of the coronary sinus interventricular septum interatrial septum fossa ovalis apex

fossa ovalis

Which structural feature of cardiac muscle cells enables action potentials to travel rapidly from cell to cell? mitochondria desmosomes myofibrils myoglobin gap junctions

gap junctions

The percentage of whole blood volume occupied by formed elements is called: differential count normovolemic hemoglobin concentration reticulocyte count hematocrit

hematocrit

Red blood cells result from the divisions of cells called: lymphoblasts monoblasts progenitor cells hemocytoblasts myeloblasts

hemocytoblasts

The process by which formed elements of blood are produced is called ___________. hemopoiesis (or hematopoiesis) agglutination fractionation coagulation

hemopoiesis (or hematopoiesis)

The mechanism in the body which stops bleeding and prevents blood loss is known as _______. hemostasis hypoxia thrombocytosis leukopenia

hemostasis

Formed elements that are nucleated and capable of amoeboid movement are: leukocytes melanocytes thrombocytes chondrocytes erythrocytes

leukocytes

Globulins involved in lipid transport are called _________. antibodies hemoglobin albumins lipoproteins

lipoproteins

After the stimulus for a contraction is generated at the SA node, it must be distributed so that ___________. the atria and ventricles contract simultaneously. the atria contract together before the ventricles. the ventricles contract together before the atria. the ventricles contract simultaneously in a wave that begins at the base and spreads toward the apex.

the atria contract together before the ventricles

Blood from the systemic circulation returns to the heart by way of the: pulmonary arteries pulmonary veins aorta coronary sinus venae cavae

venae cavae

Which of the following lists the phases of hemostasis in the correct order? 1. Vascular phage, 2. Coagulation phase, 3. Platelet phase 1. Platelet phase, 2. Vascular phate, 3. Coagulation phase 1. Coagulation phase, 2. Vascular phase, 3. Platelet phase 1. Vascular phase, 2. Platelet phase, 3. Coagulation phase

1. Vascular phase, 2. Platelet phase, 3. Coagulation phase

What is the average life span of a red blood cell? 120 days 30 days 150 days 90 days

120 days

What is the average temperature of blood in the body? 38°C (100.4°F) 70°C (158°F) 50°C (122°F) 25°C (77°F)

38°C (100.4°F)

Which condition is caused by low hematocrit, or RBCs with reduced hemoglobin content? Anemia Hemoglobinuria Hemolysis Hypoxia

Anemia

What is the pH of blood? Between 7.35 and 7.45 Between 2.5 and 3.5 Between 8.45 and 9.45 Between 11.35 and 12.35

Between 7.35 and 7.45

Why might women be more prone to suffering from iron-deficient anemia than men? A) Women require about 50% more heme units per hemoglobin. B) Hemoglobin molecules break down more readily in women. C) Women have approximately half as many iron reserves. D) The RBCs in women have a shorter lifespan. E) Women absorb less iron from their diet.

C) Women have approximately half as many iron reserves.

Which of the following structural features is composed of connective tissue fibers connected to cone-shaped projections on the inner surface of the ventricle? Aortic sinuses Chordae tendineae Pulmonary cusps Fossa ovalis Trabeculae carneae

Chordae tendineae

In intercalated discs, which of the following structures help convey the force of contraction from cell to cell? Desmosomes Occluding junctions Gap junctions Tight junctions Connexons

Desmosomes

In the lungs, what process brings oxygen into the plasma and removes carbon dioxide? Osmosis Diffusion Active transport Carrier-mediated transport

Diffusion

Which layer of the heart wall is also known as the visceral pericardium? Intercardium Mesocardium Myocardium Epicardium Endocardium

Epicardium

The following is a list of the steps involved in the process of hemostasis and clot removal: 1. coagulation 2. fibrinolysis 3. vascular spasm 4. retraction 5. platelet phase The correct sequence of these steps is: A) 5, 1, 4, 2, 3 B) 3, 5, 1, 4, 2 C) 2, 3, 5, 1, 4 D) 3, 4, 5, 2, 1 E) 4, 3, 5, 2, 1.

B) 3, 5, 1, 4, 2

The most abundant type of WBC in a normal blood sample is the: A) basophil. B) neutrophil. C) lymphocyte. D) eosinophil. E) monocyte.

B) neutrophil.

The cardiac veins of the heart return venous blood to which of the following structures? Coronary sinus Left atrium Inferior vena cava Superior vena cava

Coronary sinus

Which of the following coronary blood vessels drains directly into the right atrium of the heart? Coronary arteries Coronary sinus Great cardiac vein Middle cardiac vein

Coronary sinus

Which of the following WBCs are continuously migrating from the bloodstream, through peripheral tissues, and back to the bloodstream? Monocytes Basophils Lymphocytes Eosinophils

Lymphocytes

Depolarization of the atria is represented on an electrocardiogram by the P wave T wave QRS complex PR complex S wave

P wave

What is an abnormally low platelet count known as? Hemostasis Thrombocytopenia Leukemia Thrombocytosis

Thrombocytopenia

Infection, inflammation, and cancer may result in which of the following conditions? Thrombocytopenia Hemolytic disease Thrombocytosis Coagulation

Thrombocytosis

Which type of blood does this individual have? Type B Type AB Type A Type O

Type B

Which blood type can safely be administered to patients of any blood type? Type AB Type A Type O Type B

Type O

Which blood type has neither A antigens nor B antigens? Type B Type O Type AB Type A

Type O

Identify the structure labeled "G." ascending aorta superior vena cava pulmonary trunk inferior vena cava

ascending aorta

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1. right atrium 2. left atrium 3. right ventricle 4. left ventricle 5. vena cavae 6. aorta 7. pulmonary trunk 8. pulmonary veins What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation? a) 1, 2, 7, 8, 3, 4, 6, 5 b) 5, 3, 1, 7, 8, 4, 2, 6 c) 5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6 d) 1, 7, 3, 8, 2, 4, 6, 5 e) 5, 1, 3, 8, 7, 2, 4, 6

c) 5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6

How long does a complete depolarization-repolarization process (action potential) last in a cardiac muscle cell? 250-350 µsec 250-350 msec 750-850 msec 10 msec 2 sec

250-350 msec

Label K represents A) basophils. B) neutrophils. C) monocytes. D) eosinophils. E) lymphocytes.

C) monocytes.

Which type of white blood cell has deep red granules and increases numbers dramatically during parasitic infections or allergic reactions? Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Neutrophils Basophils

Eosinophils

Which of the following vessels originate at the base of the aorta at the aortic sinuses? Coronary sinuses Circumflex arteries Left and right coronary arteries Anterior interventricular arteries

Left and right coronary arteries

Which of the following factors remove platelets from the circulation? Megakaryocytes Phagocytes Proteozymes Lymphocytes

Phagocytes

In determining blood compatibility, which of the following components are most important? Surface antigens on the recipient's cells Antibodies in the donor's plasma The hematocrit of the donor Surface antigens on the donor's cells

Surface antigens on the donor's cells

The skeleton of the heart consists of: a reticular connective tissue within the myocardium. fibrous connective tissue in the auricle of the atrium. dense bands of tough, elastic connective tissue. a bone in the interatrial septum. a bone in the interventricular septum.

dense bands of tough, elastic connective tissue.

Blood is more viscous than water because it contains ___________. dissolved proteins and formed elements adipose cells insoluble fibers osteoid

dissolved proteins and formed elements

The cardiovascular system transports insoluble lipids to peripheral tissues by transporting _________. protein-lipid combinations water-soluble lipids only lipid-carbohydrate combinations only lipids that can fit between epithelial cells

protein-lipid combinations

Label C represents the: bicuspid valve aortic (semilunar) valve left atrioventricular valve tricuspid valve pulmonary (semilunar) valve

pulmonary (semilunar) valve

Which of the following proteins are major contributors to the osmotic pressure of plasma? Globulins Fibrins Hemoglobin Albumins

Albumins

Type AB blood contains: A) A agglutinins on the red blood cells. B) agglutinogen A and agglutinogen B. C) B agglutinogens on the red blood cells. D) B agglutinins in the plasma. E) agglutinin A and B.

B) agglutinogen A and agglutinogen B.

The common pathway of coagulation ends with: A) the sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. B) the activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen. C) the release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium. D) the activation of a clotting factor that converts prothrombin to thrombin. E) the activation of a clotting factor that converts fibrinogen to fibrin.

E) the activation of a clotting factor that converts fibrinogen to fibrin.

________ directly stimulates red blood cell production. EPO Thyroxine Vitamin B12 Intrinsic factor GH

EPO

The extrinsic and intrinsic pathways join to form the common pathway through the activation of ___________. prothrombinase thrombin Factor X clotting Factor VII

Factor X

How many different polypeptide chains combine to form a single hemoglobin molecule? Eight Two Four Six

Four

Label D represents: organic nutrients globulins organic wastes leukocytes electrolytes

electrolytes

Formation of red blood cells is called: leukocytosis thrombopoiesis leukopoiesis erythrocytosis erythropoiesis.

erythropoiesis

The wall between the atria is called the: interatrial septum coronary sinus auricle coronary sulcus ventricle

interatrial septum