BIO 360 ICLICKERS FOR EXAM 2

which of the following is true abt. neurons in the CNS? a. neurons do not have ability to regenerate b.neurons can regenerate in hippocampus & olfactory bulb thru out life c. neurons can regenerate in the hypothalamus & olfactory bulb thru out life d. neurons can regenerate like glial cells thru out the CNS

B.neurons can regenerate in hippocampus & olfactory bulb thru out life

what are the 3 layers, in order from the brain to cranium, comprising the meninges? a. pia mater, arachnoid membrane, dura mater b. pia mater, dura mater, arachnid membrane c. dura mater. subarachnoid space, pia mater d. dura mater, arachnoid membrane, subarachnoid space

a. pia mater, arachnoid membrane, dura mater

peptide hormones have the ability to produce a change in intracellular phosphorylation states of proteins by? a. directly activating ion channels or receptor vesicles b.activating GPCR or or receptors enzymes c. activating GPCR & ion channnels d. directly activating intracellular receptors in the cytoplasm

b. activating GPCR or or receptors enzymes

the primary functions of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is to create? a. myelin sheath & a barrier preventing foreign substrates from affecting neurons b. buoyancy, thereby creating a cushion for brain protection & also removing waste into plasma via villi c.buoyancy, thereby creating a cushion for brain protection & also removing waste into plasma via choroid plexus d. ions, allowing the initiation of the action potential & also removing waste into plasma via the choroid plexus

b. buoyancy, thereby creating a cushion for brain protection & also removing waste into plasma via villi

the cerebral cortex is divided into 4 regions called lobes that control senses, thoughts & movements. The 4 lobes are? a. frontal, parietal, cerebral, cortical b. frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital c. parietal, temporal, occipital, cortical d. parietal, temporal, cortical, cerebral

b. frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

the diencephalon is a portion of the brain that plays an important role in -----, it is composed of the ------? a. sensory/perception; frontal, temporal, parietal & occipital lobes b. homeostasis; thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal & pituitary gland c. language production; Wernicke's area, Broca's area thalamus & pineal gland d. memories & cognition; cerebrum, hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate cortex

b. homeostasis; thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal & pituitary gland

the entry of Na + ions into the cell resulting from depolarization stimulus is an example of ?? a. negative feedback b. positive feedback c. inverse feedback d. stimulus feedback

b. positive feedback

multiple stimulus activate the cell body producing a graded potential. what determines whether an action potential will occur?? a. whether the graded potential @ the axon terminals (synapse) reach the threshold of -55 mV b. whether the graded potential at the axon hillock (trigger zone) reach the threshold of -55 mV c. whether the graded potential at the dendritic spines reach the threshold of -55 mV d. whether the graded potential @ the surface of the cell body, close proximity to the dendrites reaches the threshold of - 55 mV

b. whether the graded potential at the axon hillock (trigger zone) reach the threshold of -55 mV

what type of non neuronal sensory cells become activated by sound & movement of your head? a.sterocillium b.hair cells c.nerve endings d.type 1 & 2 receptor cells

b.hair cells

what are the steps involved in long-term potentiation (LTP)? a. glutamate binds GABA & NMDA receptors, depolarization ejects Mg 2+ allowing Ca 2+ to enter via NMDA channels, Ca2+ activates 2ndary messengers b.glutamate binds GABA & AMPA receptors, depolarization ejects Mg 2+ allowing Ca 2+ to enter via NMDA channels, Ca2+ activates 2ndary messengers c. Glutamate binds NDMA & AMPA receptors depolarization ejects Mg 2+ allowing Ca 2+ to enter via NMDA channels, Ca2+ activates 2ndary messengers d. glutamate binds NMDA & AMPA receptors, hyperpolarization ejects Mg 2+ allowing Ca 2+ to enter via NMDA channels, Ca2+ activates 2ndary messengers

c. Glutamate binds NDMA & AMPA receptors depolarization ejects Mg 2+ allowing Ca 2+ to enter via NMDA channels, Ca2+ activates 2ndary messengers

the rising (depolarization) & (repolarization) falling phases of an action potential are caused by sequential opening of 1st ---- channels & then ----- gated ion channels a. K+,Na+ voltage b.Na+,K+ chemically c. Na+, K+ voltage d. K+, Na+ mechanically

c. Na+, K+ voltage

steroid hormones are unique as they..? a. are lipophobic & have ability to alter membrane dynamics b. are produced by combo of amino acids & large proteins c. are bound to protein carriers in the ECF & become unbound & can activate intracellular receptors d. are produced by the rER

c. are bound to protein carriers in the ECF & become unbound & can activate intracellular receptors

what are the 3 phases, in correct order, of the action potential? a. repolarization, depolarization, hyperpolarization b. depolarization, hyperpolarization, repolarization c. depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization d. hyperpolarization, depolarization, repolarization

c. depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization

which type of the following cell type in CNS produces myelin sheaths to insulate axons? a. schwann cells b. neuronal cells c. oligodendrocyte cells d. satellite cells e. microglia cells

c. oligodendrocyte cells

salatory conduction is the process in which? a. an action potential has the ability to skip from 1 axon terminal to the next, relying on myelin sheath to generate the power to skip b.an action potential has the ability to skip from one node-of-ranvier to the next, relying on voltage gated K+ ion channels to energize the electrical signal down the axon c. an action potential has the ability to skip from 1 Na+ channel to the next, relying on the graded potential to conserve the electrical signal down the axon d. an action potential has ability to skip from one node-of-ranvier to the next, relying on myelin sheath to conserve the electrical signal down the axon

d. an action potential has ability to skip from one node-of-ranvier to the next, relying on myelin sheath to conserve the electrical signal down the axon

equilibrium (body position) is coordinated by movement within ---- chambers of ----? a.wax filled, vestibular apparatus b.wax filled, cochlea c.fluid filled, cochlea d.fluid filled, vestibular apparatus

d.fluid filled, vestibular apparatus

what is he order of retinal layers from the back of eye towards the front?

pigment epithelium, photoreceptors,bipolar cells, ganglian cells