bio 4/25

what structure do a rabbit cell and a bacillus cell have in common

DNA

What role does an eyespot play in a single-celled organism

It senses the location of light.

What would happen to a freshwater protozoan if it were placed in a tank of salt water

It would lose water through osmosis

Liver and skin cells are specialized cells that are descended from the same set of stem cells. Why do these specialized cells vary in structure and function

Liver cells and skin cells receive the same DNA. However, different sets of genes are activated in each cell

How do contractile vacuoles help organisms survive

They collect and expel excess water.

which is most likely true of prokaryotic cells

They evolved on Earth before eukaryotic cells.

Proteins that are synthesized in ribosomal subunits undergo extensive post-translational modification and are packaged and directed to the appropriate destination. Which structural component of a cell is involved in such modification?

golgi apparatus

What biological process is exemplified by a dog panting to release body heat?

homeostasis

How do cilia help a paramecium survive in a freshwater environment

ilia help the paramecium move so it can locate food.

During which phase of the cell cycle does most cell growth occur?

interphase

A cell releases energy from storage molecules on the inner surface of the membrane that surrounds the cell. The location of these molecules BEST indicates that the cell

is prokaryotic

Changes at the molecular level can turn proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. These changes cause unregulated cell division. Which disease is caused by this transformation?

leukemia

The human body utilizes water to balance body temperature. Under what conditions might thermal regulation break down and no longer function correctly

low water intake and high water output

At concentrations of 0.1-1 µg/mL colchicine, a natural plant product, can cause the mitotic arrest of dividing cells at metaphase by disrupting the spindle apparatus. Colchicine interferes with which of these cell functions during cell division?

microtuble organization of spindle fibers

the presences of what structure allows the student to conclude that it is a eukaryotic cell

mitochondrion

The chemical colchicine disrupts cell division. Which cell process would most likely stop if colchicine were added to a culture of human liver cells?

mitosis

in which organelle is DNA found in a eukaryotic cell

nuclues

true or false: eukaryotic cell have organelles

true

What would most likely be produced when a cell with eight chromosomes undergoes mitosis

two cells with eight chromosomes each

Fossil records indicate that Earth

were single-celled.

When a chemical is added to the pond water in which the Paramecium lives, the Paramecium stops moving. Which structure is most likely affected?

1

Which action exemplifies phototaxis?

A euglena swims towards a source of light.

Which is a property of facilitated diffusion

A specific molecule can move into and out of a cell at the same location.

The diagram below shows the process of differentiation by which stem cells become specialized body cells such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and blood cells. How are these specialized cells similar to one another and to the stem cells

All the cells have the same DNA.

Which of these cells in the human body is specialized to transport oxygen throughout the body

B

Which purpose does a cell membrane play in eukaryotic cells

It maintains homeostasis

What is the difference between cilia and flagella in unicellular organisms

Cilia are short, hair-like appendages extending from the surface of the cell, while flagella are long, thread-like appendages.

How can cells from the same organism have such different shapes and functions?

During differentiation, different parts of the DNA in each type of cell are activated, resulting in the different structure and function of the cells.

Which would MOST likely be happening in cancer cells?

Oncogenes are active and tumor suppressor genes are inactive.

Which scenario transforms normal cells into cancer cells?

Proto-oncogenes become oncogenes.

What occurs during cell differentiation

Specific parts of DNA are activated

Which of the following is a typical example of a unicellular organism?

bacteria

If a cell is exposed to a chemical that inhibits the production of spindle fibers as the cell is preparing for mitosis, what would MOST likely happen?

The cell would not divide

A saltwater plant is placed in fresh water. What will most likely happen to the cells of the plant

The cells will gain water and swell

Cells in a cat's pancreas produce insulin, but the cells in its heart do not. What statement best explains this

The genes for insulin production are not activated in heart cells.

a red blood cell in a beaker that contains a solution with a higher salt concentration than that inside the red blood cell.What will happen to the red blood cell in this environment?

The red blood cell will shrink from losing water molecules.

True or False: All the specialized cells of an organism contain the exact same genes

True

When two solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a semipermeable membrane and osmosis is allowed to occur, which will happen?

Water will move from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

what cellular structure do organisms in the kingdoms eubacteria, archaebacteria and protista have in common

a cell membrane

what statement is compares a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell

a eukaryotic cell has a nucleus while a prokaryotic cell does not

Which would most likely hinder the ability of a paramecium to survive in its environment?

absorbing chemicals that impact contractile vacuoles

Which cell specialization helps a Euglena increase its rate of photosynthesis

an eyespot

After cellular replication, a nucleolus failed to reform in the nucleus. What would be the MOST immediate implication of this failure?

an inability to make ribosomes

What cells can differentiate into specialized cells when grown in the right laboratory culture conditions

both embryonic and adult stem cells

How would the presence of cilia, flagella, and pseudopods improve the chances of survival of a unicellular protist

by increasing the likelihood of obtaining nutrients

what structures do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common

cell membrane, ribosomes, and DNA

plant cells are able to produce their own food. this process happens in what structure

chloroplast

what organelles must work together to provide food and energy to a plant cell

chloroplast and mitochondria

Which structure found in paramecium serves the same function as the pseudopods of an amoeba?

cilia

What adaptation allows an organism to pump excess water out of a cell

contractile vacuole

In eukaryotic organisms, interaction between which cell parts is MOST important for cell shape, tensile strength, and communication between cells?

cytoskeleton and cell membrane

Which of the following allows a cell to become specialized

different patterns of gene expression

which organ system performs the same job for a multicellular organism as a lysosome performs for a cell

digestive system

what organelle and organ system pair are the most similar in function

endoplasmic reticulum and ciculatory system

most accurately describes the location of DNA in prokaryotic cells and in eukaryotic cells

eukarotic cells have DNA in the nucles and prokaryotic cells have DNA in the cytoplasm.

A researcher observes membrane-bound structures in a cell. Based on this observation, the researcher can conclude that the cell is classified as a

eukaryote

Which cell adaptation is required for a single-celled organism to exhibit phototaxis

eyespot

How do Euglena and sperm cells use flagella

for locomotion

Pepsin, an enzyme that is found in the stomach of humans, functions in breaking down proteins. It is denatured as it travels to the small intestine and can no longer decompose proteins. Which factor most likely causes the enzyme to denature as it moves through the digestive tract?

pH

what type of cell is considered the least complex

prokaryote

All living things are made up of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Which function is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

protein production

what determines cell differentiation once gene regulation has taken place?

proteins

All cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) have a few common features, which cell feature in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

ribosomes

what is the relationship between rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomes

rough ER produces the digestive enzymes used by lysosomes

A scientist discovers several new prokaryotic organisms near a deep seafloor vent. Which best describes the general characteristics of these organisms?

single-celled, autotrophic

According to cell classification, prokaryotic cells are separated from eukaryotic cells. Which feature is often used to distinguish prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells

size differences

what is a primary function of a vacuole in a cell

storage

What determines the function of a specialized cell?

the active genes in the cell

organisms contain DNA what makes prokaryotic DNA different from eukaryotic DNA

the molecular shape

John is viewing a cell under a high-powered microscope. Which would indicate that the cell John is looking at is a eukaryote?

the presence of mitochondria

how is prophase different in plant cells

the spindle fibers organize without centrioles

why are totipotent cells the best for stem cell research

they can differentiate into all other cell types

what happens to the proteins made by both free ribosmoes and ribosomes bound to the endplasmic reticulum

they undergo further modification

The kidneys remove excess salt and urea from the blood. How do these organs maintain a healthy body

through homeostatic regulation