Bio 7.3 and 7.4

If a cell is placed in salt water, water leaves the cell by________ a. osmosis b. diffusion c. active transport d. phagocytosis

a. osmosis

Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell? a.diffusion b. osmosis c. facilitated diffusion d. active transport

active transport

Which term describes the relatively constant internal physical conditions of an organism? a. cell specialization b. homeostasis c. organ system d. unicellularity

b. homeostasis

Which of the following activities is NOT a way that unicellular organisms maintain homeostasis? a. reproduction b. growth c. cell specialization d. response to the environment

c. cell specialization

An organ system is a group of organs that a. are made up of similar cells b. are made up of similar tissues c. work together to perform a specific function d. work together to perform all the functions in a multicellular organism

c. work together to perform a specific function

What is the role of protein channels in the cell membrane?

they allow molecules that are large r ions with charges to pass through the cell membrane

One of the most important functions of the cell membrane is

to keep the cell's internal conditions relatively constant

Why do cell transport substances across the cell membrane?

to maintain homeostasis

How can unicellular organisms maintain homeostasis?

unicellular organism must grow, respond to the environment, transform energy and reproduce

As a cell becomes larger, its

volume increases faster that its surface area

An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes a. water to move into the cell b. water to move out of the cell c. solutes to move into the cell d. solutes to move out of the cell

water to move into the cell

The cells of unicellular organisms are a. specialized to perform different tasks b. larger than those of multicellular organisms c. able to carry out all of the functions necessary for life d. unable to respond to changes in their environment

. able to carry out all of the functions necessary for life

What is the difference between active and passive transport?

Active transport requires energy and passive transport does not.

Describe the events of an isotonic solution. > when a cell in a solution has the same concentration of water and solutes as its cytoplasm > cell is at equilibrium with the solution, so there is no movement of water > example: blood

An isotonic solution occurs when there is an equal amount of solute on the inside and outside of the cell, so water moves both in and out, because there is already an equilibrium. An isotonic solution is a solution that causes water to move inside and outside of the cell at the same time, and isotonic solution=same concentration. All cells strive to have a isotonic solution.

Process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane; the pocket breaks loose from the outer portion of membrane and forms vacuole within the cytoplasm

Endocytosis

Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material from cell, the membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane

Exocytosis

Describe the events of a hypertonic solution thoroughly. - concentration of solute outside the cell is higher than inside > water moves out of cell by osmosis > cells shrivel up

If there is more solute on the outside of the cell, than on the inside of the cell, water moves outside of the cell. This is because water moves from a high to low concentration gradient. This causes the cell to shrink, because it is losing water. Water wants to move toward the solute because solute is what is being dissolved. This is called a hypertonic solution(highly concentrated with solute)

If water move in and out of a cell at the same rate, what will happen to the cell?

If water moves in and out of the cell at the same rate, then the cell size will remain the same.

If water moves into a cell, what will happen to the cell?

If water moves into a cell, the cells will swell and ultimately burst. Hypotonic

If water moves out of a cell, what will happen to the cell?

If water moves out of the cell, the cell will shrink

Describe the events of a hypotonic solution thoroughly. > cell in a solute with a lower concentration of solute there is more water outside the cell than inside. > more water outside the cell than inside > water flows into cell by osmosis

In a hypotonic solution, the water from the outside of the cell moves into the cell. This happens because there is more solute inside the cell, and the water from the outside moves in, because it moves from a high to low concentration gradient.

When a substance does not require energy to move, what causes its movement?

Its move is caused by a concentration gradient. The substance moves from a high to low concentration, in order to reach equilibrium(the condition in which a substance is equal.)

What is the between diffusion and osmosis?

Osmosis the molecules that move are water molecules, in Diffusion the molecules moving are solute molecules

Process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take the, into the cell (cell eating)

Phagocytois

Process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment

Pinocytosis

What are characteristics of unicellular organism?

The main groups of unicellular organisms are bacteria, archaea, protozoa, unicellular algae, and unicellular fungi. Unicellular organisms fall into two general categories: prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms.

What type of solution will cause the cell staying the same size to happen? Isotonic (solutions are the same strength)

The type of solution that causes this to happen is an isotonic solution. In isotonic solution is when there is no net movement of the water because equilibrium is already reached. An isotonic solution can be defined as a solution that causes water to move and out of the cell at the same time. Isotonic=same concentration.

What type of solution will cause cell shrinking to happen? Describe Hypertonic (the solution is above strength in solute)

The type of solution that will cause this to happen is a hypertonic solution. If the environment surrounding the cell has a greater amount of solute than the cell itself, than the water inside the cell will move out of the cell. This is because water moves from a high to low concentration. Hypertonic solution means highly concentrate with solute.

What type of solution will cause cell swelling to happen? Hypotonic (the solution is below strength in solute)

The type of solution that will cause this to happen is a hypotonic solution. If there is more solute inside the cell than outside the cell, the water from outside the cell will move towards the solute to create an equilibrium. The term hypotonic solution means lowly concentrated with solute.

What are the two main types of cellular transport?

Two main types of cellular transportation are active and passive transport

Which list represents the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most complex level? a. cell, tissue, organ system, organ b. organ system, organ, tissue, cell c. tissue, organ, organ system, cell d. cell, tissue, organ, organ system

d. cell, tissue, organ, organ system

The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called a. active transport b. osmosis c. nonrandom movement d. diffusion

d. diffusion

The process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration is known as

diffusion

4 types of active transport:

endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and exocytosis

When materials pass into and out of the cell at equal rates, there is no net change in concentration inside the cell. The cell is in a state of:

equilibrium

When particles move across the membrane from a high to low concentration and require the help from transport proteins, it is called?

facilitated diffusion

Many cell membranes have protein channels that allow certain molecules to cross the membrane. In such cases, the cell membrane protein is said to facilitate, or help the diffusion of the molecules across the membrane. This process is called

facilitated diffusion (does not require use of the cell's energy)

The net movement of water across a membrane occurs

from the hypotonic side to the hypertonic side

Which of the following is an example of an organ? a. heart b. epithelial tissue c. digestive system d. nerve cell

heart

Substances tend to move from an area of ___________ concentration to an area of __________ concentration. This process is called __________________________ and it strives to reach ______________________________, which is the condition when the concentration of a substance is equal throughout a space.

high;low;diffusion; equilibrium

What is movement across the cell membrane used to maintain?

homeostasis

Water moves into a cell placed in a _____________solution a. osmotic b. hypertonic c. hypotonic d. isotonic

hypotonic

Diffusion occurs because a. molecules are attracted to one another b. molecules constantly move and collide with each other c. cellular energy forces molecules to collide with each other d. cellular energy pumps molecules across the cell membrane

molecules constantly move and collide with each other

When Kool-Aid is added into a beaker of water, the molecules will a. move from low concentration to high concentration b. move from high concentration to low concentration c. from a polar bond d. remain on the bottom of the beaker

move from high concentration to low concentration

What kinds of tissues can be found within a muscle in your body?

muscle epithelial nervous connective tissues

What are the four main types of tissue in most animals?

muscle tissue epithelial tissue nervous tissue connective tissue

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is known as

osmosis

Which of the following is an organ of the digestive system? a. stomach b. nerve tissue c. muscle cell d. epithelial tissue

stomach