Bio Anthropology: Ch. 12
What is the term for the philosophy that originated in 19th Century Western Europe that relied on the erroneous idea of "race improvement" through the forced sterilization of some groups and the encouraged reproduction of others? a. Genetics b. Polytypic c. Eugenics d. Monogenism e. Polygenism
c. Eugenics
The majority of modern anthropologists regard biological determinism as a valid mode of explaining human racial differences. True/False
False
Forensic anthropologists must deal with the race concept because they are asked by law enforcement agencies to identify an individual's race from skeletal remains. True/False
True
Acclimatization refers to which of the following? a. An individual's short-term physiological responses to the environment b. Changes in climate c. Slow genetic changes in populations d. Long-term adaptations of species to certain environmental conditions e. The appearance of a new species
a. An individual's short-term physiological responses to the environment
What is the false belief that there is a relationship between physical traits and certain behavioral traits such as intelligence and morality? a. Biological determinism b. Monogenism c. Homeostasis d. Polygenism e. Eugenics
a. Biological determinism
What is an extensive outbreak of disease affecting large numbers of people over a wide area called? a. Pandemic b. Vector c. Epidemic d. Endemic e. Pathogen
a. Pandemic
Lactose intolerance can be characterized by all of the following except: a. does not involve a person's ability to digest milk. b. is a good example of biocultural evolution. c. results from the lack of lactase. d. has a genetic basis. e. can be influenced by the environment.
a. does not involve a person's ability to digest milk.
Bergmann's rule: a. is based on the principle that heat is retained at the body surface. b. is based upon the principle that as arms increase in length, there is a corresponding increase in surface area. c. concerns the relationship between climate and shape and size of appendages. d. states that a linear body with long arms and legs is optimal for cold climates. e. states that bodies with increased mass or volume to surface area are optimal for cold climates.
a. is based on the principle that heat is retained at the body surface.
The ABO system is interesting from an anthropological perspective because it: a. illustrates that some allele frequencies do vary among populations. b. demonstrates that natural selection does not alter allele frequencies. c. has never been convincingly demonstrated for any allele. d. illustrates that allele frequencies do not vary among populations. e. is no longer present in human populations.
a. illustrates that some allele frequencies do vary among populations.
What causes rickets? a. Overexposure to ultraviolet radiation b. An insufficient amount of vitamin D c. Too much vitamin D d. Too few melanocytes e. An insufficient amount of melanin
b. An insufficient amount of vitamin D
The total complement of genes shared by the reproductive members of a population is called a(n): a. breeding population. b. gene pool. c. gene line. d. species isolate. e. nuclear matrix.
b. gene pool.
Response mechanisms for regulating body heat include all of the following except: a. increased blood flow to the skin. b. increased production of red blood cells. c. vasoconstriction. d. evaporative cooling. e. vasodilation.
b. increased production of red blood cells.
A polytypic species: a. is composed of widely dispersed populations. b. is one composed of local populations that differ from one another with regard to the expression of one or more traits. c. has never been observed in nature. d. is one that has no phenotypic variability. e. is one composed of local populations that differ from one another with regard to the expression of no more than three traits.
b. is one composed of local populations that differ from one another with regard to the expression of one or more traits.
Sweating: a. is an ability that varies from one human population to another. b. is a uniquely mammal response to heat. c. is not an effective means of dissipating heat. d. permits cooling through evaporation. e. has no detrimental physiological effects.
d. permits cooling through evaporation.
The World Health Organization lists ______ as the world's leading killer of adults. a. car crashes b. cholera c. AIDS d. tuberculosis e. smallpox
d. tuberculosis
The application of evolutionary principles to the study of human variation: a. reinforced traditional views of races as fixed biological entities that do not change. b. allowed scientists to divide the human species precisely into well-defined races. c. allowed scientists to ignore the adaptive significance of most traits. d. helped replace earlier views based solely on observed phenotypes. e. has been of little value for understanding human variation.
d. helped replace earlier views based solely on observed phenotypes.
Ultraviolet radiation can be an important factor in selection for increased melanin production because UV radiation can cause which of the following? a. Spina bifida b. The rebuilding of folate c. Rickets d. Albinism e. Skin cancer and rapid depletion of folate
e. Skin cancer and rapid depletion of folate
When a disease is continuously present in a population it is said to be: a. chronic. b. pandemic. c. lethal. d. epidemic. e. endemic.
e. endemic.
Agents that carry disease from one carrier to another are called: a. endemics. b. antigens. c. pathogens. d. pandemics. e. vectors.
e. vectors.
Population geneticists use the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation to determine: a. the mode of inheritance of Mendelian traits. b. whether a particular trait is polygenic. c. if human populations are operating on evolutionary forces. d. whether evolution is occurring at all loci throughout the genome simultaneously. e. whether allele frequencies in a population are changing.
e. whether allele frequencies in a population are changing.
