bio ch 13 14

21. Which worm lacks a digestive system? A) earthworm B) leech *C) tapeworm D) roundworm E) tube worm

*C) tapeworm

17. _____, which is the largest group of extant plants, currently includes approximately _____ species. A) Angiosperms; 230,000 B) Ferns; 150,000 C) Conifers; 150,000 D) Mosses; 150,000 E) Eudicots; 100,000

A) Angiosperms; 230,000

50. Which list shows the correct complete classification of modern humans, from phylum to species? A) Chordata; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Primates; Hominidae; Homo; Homo sapiens B) Vertebrata; Chordata; Mammalia; Carnivora; Hominidae; Homo; Homo sapiens C) Vertebrata; Chordata; Carnivora; Primates; Sapienidae; Homo; Homo sapiens D) Chordata; Mammalia; Eutheria; Carnivora; Sapienidae; Homo; Homo sapiens E) Chordata; Vertebrata; Marsupialia; Hominidae; Homo; Homo sapiens

A) Chordata; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Primates; Hominidae; Homo; Homo sapiens

55. The other species of humans that were alive contemporaneously with Homo sapiens were: A) Homo neanderthalensis, Homo floresiensis, and Homo erectus. B) Homo neanderthalensis and Homo floresiensis. C) Australopithecus afarensis, Homo neanderthalensis, Homo floresiensis, and Homo erectus. D) Australopithecus afarensis and Homo neanderthalensis. E) Australopithecus afarensis and Homo erectus.

A) Homo neanderthalensis, Homo floresiensis, and Homo erectus..

11. Which animal phylum lacks true tissues? A) Porifera (sponges) B) Cnidaria (jellies, corals, and their relatives) C) Annelida (segmented worms) D) Nematoda (roundworms) E) Platyhelminthes (flatworms

A) Porifera (sponges)

37. As the course of evolution has proceeded in plants, what is the overall trend in the relationship of the diploid stage and the haploid stage? A) The haploid stage has been reduced in size, whereas the diploid stage has become more prominent. B) The diploid stage has been reduced in size, whereas the haploid stage has become more prominent. C) Both the diploid stage and haploid stage have been reduced in size. D) Both the haploid stage and the diploid stage have become more prominent. E) The relationship between diploid stage and haploid stage has remained the same over evolution.

A) The haploid stage has been reduced in size, whereas the diploid stage has become more prominent.

4. An animal with an anterior brain that surrounds the entrance to the digestive tract is: A) a protostome. B) a deuterostome. C) diploblastic. D) a sponge. E) a ctenophore

A) a protostome.

12. Endosperm is: A) a store of carbohydrate to fuel a seed's initial growth. B) the male portion of a flowering plant. C) tissue that develops into a protective seed coat surrounding the embryo. D) the leaves that are part of the embryo. E) the female portion of a flowering plant.

A) a store of carbohydrate to fuel a seed's initial growth.

46. In fungi, the "mushroom" is: A) a temporary reproductive structure. B) the entire organism. C) a single cell. D) a diploid nucleus. E) a toxic mold.

A) a temporary reproductive structure.

38. Which of these is not a member of the group of vertebrates that produce amniotic eggs? A) amphibians B) birds C) whales D) monotremes E) marsupials

A) amphibians

36. Plants known as "annuals," that is, those that complete their entire life cycle in one growing season, are found in which of the following groups? A) angiosperms only B) angiosperms, ferns, and mosses C) ferns only D) angiosperms and ferns E) ferns and mosses

A) angiosperms only

28. Which group is made up solely of carnivores? A) arachnids B) wasps C) vertebrates D) mammals E) flatworms

A) arachnids

27. Which is the only animal phylum to have over 1 million described species? A) arthropods B) mollusks C) flatworms D) chordates E) nematodes

A) arthropods

36. Echinoderm larvae are ________, whereas echinoderm adults are ________. A) bilaterally symmetrical; radially symmetrical B) radially symmetrical; asymmetrical C) aquatic; terrestrial D) gastropods; bivalves E) segmented; unsegmented

A) bilaterally symmetrical; radially symmetrical

52. Three major differences between humans and chimpanzees are that humans are bipedal, have a larger brain, and have a larger body. Which of these characteristics evolved first? A) bipedality B) larger brain C) larger body D) bipedality and larger brain together E) larger brain, bipedality, and larger body at the same time

A) bipedality

44. Both birds and mammals have four-chambered hearts. But birds are more closely related to crocodiles, which have three-chambered hearts, than they are to mammals. The correct interpretation of these observations is that: A) birds and mammals evolved four-chambered hearts independently. B) having a four-chambered heart would be detrimental to crocodiles. C) crocodiles evolved from a group that originally had four-chambered hearts. D) the trend in heart evolution is from four-chambered to three-chambered. E) the number of heart chambers that an organism possesses can never be an indication of evolutionary relationships.

A) birds and mammals evolved four-chambered hearts independently.

7. Plants with the diploid stage smaller than and dependent upon the haploid stage are called: A) bryophytes. B) ferns. C) gymnosperms. D) angiosperms. E) algae

A) bryophytes.

46. Birds are most closely related to: A) crocodiles. B) mammals. C) lizards. D) snakes. E) insects

A) crocodiles

18. Animals such as jellyfish and cnidarians acquire nutrients and oxygen by: A) direct diffusion. B) breathing. C) capturing them with sticky hemolymph. D) using a trachea system. E) pumping them inside

A) direct diffusion.

31. Which type of skeleton contains the carbohydrate called chitin? A) exoskeleton of insects, crabs, and lobsters B) hydrostatic skeleton of earthworms C) fluid skeleton of jellyfish D) endoskeleton of lizards E) appendicular skeleton of humans

A) exoskeleton of insects, crabs, and lobsters

19. The phylum Platyhelminthes are more commonly known as: A) flatworms. B) ribbon worms. C) earthworms. D) mollusks. E) snakes

A) flatworms.

21. In angiosperms, the _______________ are the specialized reproductive organ(s) whose main function is to bring together the sperm and egg. A) flowers B) seeds C) cones D) pollen grains E) leaves

A) flowers

39. As reproductive strategies have evolved in plants, their: A) gametes have become progressively smaller. B) gametes have become progressively larger. C) seeds have become progressively smaller. D) spores have become progressively smaller. E) sperm have become progressively larger.

A) gametes have become progressively smaller

44. The threads that make up the mycelium of a fungal body are called: A) hyphae. B) hydra. C) fruiting bodies. D) yeast. E) thallium.

A) hyphae

5. Most species of animals are: A) invertebrates. B) carnivores. C) radially symmetrical. D) autotrophs. E) vertebrates.

A) invertebrates

3. In what order do the following taxa appear in the fossil record? A) invertebrates; fish; land plants; amphibians B) invertebrates; amphibians; fish; land plants C) land plants; invertebrates; amphibians; fish D) land plants; invertebrates; fish; amphibians E) invertebrates; fish; amphibians; land plants

A) invertebrates; fish; land plants; amphibians

49. Which series of events correctly describes the evolutionary history of the vertebrates, from earliest to latest in time? A) jaws, lungs, four limbs, and hair B) lungs, jaws, four limbs, and hair C) four limbs, lungs, jaws, and hair D) two limbs, lungs, jaws, and hair E) four limbs, hair, lungs, and jaws

A) jaws, lungs, four limbs, and hair

29. All of these are arachnids except: A) lobsters. B) spiders. C) scorpions. D) mites. E) ticks

A) lobsters.

1. Within the plant kingdom, relative to the gymnosperms, the angiosperm species are: A) monophyletic. B) more evolutionarily advanced. C) non-vascular. D) seedless. E) more multicellular

A) monophyletic.

39. Which features do humans share with tunicates? A) notochord; dorsal hollow nerve cord; pharyngeal slits in the embryonic stage; a post-anal tail in the embryonic stage B) notochord; vertebrae; lungs; amniotic egg C) notochord; dorsal hollow nerve cord; pharyngeal slits in the embryonic stage; jaws D) vertebrae; lungs; amniotic egg; four-chambered heart E) vertebrae; bony skeleton; lungs; a post-anal tail in the embryonic stage

A) notochord; dorsal hollow nerve cord; pharyngeal slits in the embryonic stage;

31. Which flower part develops into a seed? A) ovule B) ovary C) base of the style D) stigma E) stamen

A) ovule

41. Chemical defenses are more common among plants than animals because: A) plants cannot move to escape predators and, therefore, must develop other deterrents. B) the cell wall can contain them more effectively than a simple plasma membrane. C) mechanical defenses from predators can evolve only in animals. D) parasites frequently prey on plants, but they rarely prey on animals. E) plant cells contain chloroplasts, whereas animal cells do not.

A) plants cannot move to escape predators and, therefore, must develop other deterrents.

16. In the cnidarians, the two body types are the sessile _____________ and the free-living _______________. A) polyp; medusa B) medusa; polyp C) anemone; coral D) coral; anemone E) zooxanthellae; coral

A) polyp; medusa

42. Rainbow trout are: A) ray-finned fishes. B) lobe-finned fishes. C) cartilaginous fishes. D) bottom feeders. E) lungfishes.

A) ray-finned fishes.

14. Which of these is not a cnidarian? A) sea cucumber B) coral C) sea anemones D) man-o'-war E) jellyfish

A) sea cucumber

10. Collar cells are found in: A) sponges. B) clams. C) shrimp. D) flatworms. E) segmented worms

A) sponges

3. The undersides of the arms of a sea star are carpeted with ___________________ that extend and contract in waves, grasping and releasing the substrate as the animal glides along. A) tube feet B) radula C) cnidocysts D) belly feet E) cilia

A) tube feet

57. Homo neanderthalensis were about the same height as Homo sapiens, but they: A) were more robust and muscular. B) were slighter and weaker. C) had skeletal features that were more adapted to life in trees. D) had much smaller heads, even though they were equal in intelligence. E) walked on all-fours instead of upright, on two legs.

A) were more robust and muscular

20. The human disease elephantiasis is caused by worms from which phylum? A)Nematoda B) Platyhelminthes C) Annelida D) Cnidaria E) Arthropoda

A)Nematoda

9. Which statement about animal nervous systems is true? A) All taxonomic groups of animals have nervous systems, except annelids. B) All taxonomic groups of animals have nervous systems, except sponges. C) All taxonomic groups of animals have nervous systems, except jellyfish. D) All taxonomic groups of animals have nervous systems, except sponges and jellyfish. E) All taxonomic groups of animals have nervous systems.

B) All taxonomic groups of animals have nervous systems, except sponges.

9. Which statement is true about mosses and gymnosperms? A) Mosses are better adapted for desert habitats, whereas gymnosperms are better adapted for wet habitats. B) Mosses rely on liquid water for fertilization, whereas gymnosperms do not need liquid water for fertilization. C) Mosses are primarily diploid in their adult form, whereas gymnosperms are primarily haploid. D) Mosses produce flowers in order to reproduce, whereas gymnosperms produce cones. E) Mosses use wind pollination, whereas gymnosperms use insects for pollination.

B) Mosses rely on liquid water for fertilization, whereas gymnosperms do not need liquid water for fertilization.

37. Which statement is true about starfish, sand dollars, and sea urchins? A) They are sessile. B) They are radially symmetrical. C) They have outer skeletons or shells made of chitin. D) They belong to the arachnids. E) They all have a distinct head, thorax, and abdomen.

B) They are radially symmetrical.

26. All arthropods have: A) six legs and three body segments. B) a chitinous exoskeleton and jointed appendages. C) antennae and compound eyes. D) stinging mouthparts. E) a mantle and a radula

B) a chitinous exoskeleton and jointed appendages

33. Which order of insects has the highest species diversity—more than that of any other order in animals? A) flies and mosquitoes B) beetles C) bees D) butterflies E) aphids

B) beetles

20. Which of these is the correct order of floral organs from the inside to the outside of a complete flower? A) petals; sepals; stamens; carpels B) carpels; stamens; petals; sepals C) sepals; petals; stamens; carpels D) petals; stamens; sepals; carpels E) sepals; stamens; petals; carpels

B) carpels; stamens; petals; sepals

14. The world's tallest and longest-lived trees are: A) oaks. B) conifers. C) cycads. D) maples. E) ginkgos.

B) conifers.

45. Birds are ___________________, whereas turtles are _________________. A) ectotherms; endotherms B) endotherms; ectotherms C) vertebrates; invertebrates D) organisms of flight; no longer organisms of flight E) reptiles; amphibians

B) endotherms; ectotherms

26. Which list correctly identifies the rank of the major groups of plants, based upon how many species they contain, from most to fewest? A) flowering plants; conifers; ferns; mosses B) flowering plants; ferns; mosses; conifers C) flowering plants; mosses; conifers; ferns D) mosses; flowering plants; ferns; conifers E) mosses; flowering plants; conifers; ferns

B) flowering plants; ferns; mosses; conifers

41. Which animal is not a chordate? A) fish B) grasshopper C) frog D) lancelet E) lizard

B) grasshopper

53. When thinking about the evolutionary history of humans, which feature is most related to the success of H. sapiens? A) decrease in caloric intake resulting in a lower body weight B) increase in brain size C) development of game-playing strategies D) increased use of teeth as tools E) longer arm lengt

B) increase in brain size

8. Sponges are sessile, which means they: A) are parasitic and depend on their host for a constant supply of nutrients. B) live attached to a solid structure and do not move around. C) reproduce asexually. D) have exoskeletons that they must shed as they grow larger. E) live within shells that they find on the ocean floor.

B) live attached to a solid structure and do not move around.

45. The main bulk of a multicellular fungus is called the _________. A) hyphae B) mycelium C) fruiting body D) thallus E) yeast

B) mycelium

11. The ferns possess all of these except: A) leaves. B) seeds. C) embryos. D) cuticle. E) roots.

B) seeds.

7. What distinguishes a protostome from a deuterostome? A) the molting pattern B) sequence or order of gut development C) the way the skeleton grows D) whether the body can be divided into two or more symmetrical units E) whether an animal has tissues or not

B) sequence or order of gut development

12. Which group feeds primarily on material filtered from the water? A) cephalopods B) sponges C) annelids D) gastropods E) nematodes

B) sponges

50. Which phrase is the best description of lichen? A) endosymbiosis between chloroplasts and plant cells B) symbiosis between fungi and algae (or cyanobacteria) C) symbiosis between fungi and the roots of a tree D) symbiosis between algae and yeast E) the evolutionary symbiosis that led to the evolution of the chloroplast

B) symbiosis between fungi and algae (or cyanobacteria)

33. Each angiosperm pollen grain contains how many sperm cells? A) one B) two C) thousands D) hundreds E) millions

B) two

42. All fungi are multicellular, but some also have a unicellular form that is called: A) sperm. B) yeast. C) spores. D) hyphae. E) seeds.

B) yeast.

13. The tissues of most shallow-water corals harbor photosynthetic algae called: A) cyanobacteria. B) zooxanthellae. C) medusae. D) cnidocytes. E) nematocysts.

B) zooxanthellae.

1. Which statement about all animals is true? A) All animals are able to conduct photosynthesis. B) All animals eat other animals. C) All animals are multicellular. D) All animals are prokaryotes. E) All animals reproduce sexually.

C) All animals are multicellular.

17. Which group has members that exhibit radial symmetry? A) Porifera B) Arthropoda C) Cnidaria D) Nematoda E) Platyhelminthes

C) Cnidaria

34. What is the major developmental characteristic that shows the close relationship between echinoderms and chordates? A) In both groups, all individuals have notochords during the larval stage. B) In both groups, the gut develops from front to back. C) In both groups, the gut develops from back to front. D) In both groups, development occurs by continually adding skeletal elements. E) Both groups are asymmetrical in all life stages.

C) In both groups, the gut develops from back to front.

48. Based on what you know about mammals, which statement best describes what happened in areas where marsupial and placental mammals came into contact? A) They learned to co-exist. B) All marsupial animals went extinct. C) Most marsupial animals went extinct. D) Most placental animals went extinct. E) The two groups mixed with minimal competition due to their niche differences.

C) Most marsupial animals went extinct.

51. Humans are not a part of which taxonomic group? A) apes B) primates C) Old World monkeys D) placental mammals E) animals

C) Old World monkeys

15. Which statement about conifers is false? A) They have thick outer layers of bark that protect them from insect predators. B) They exude sticky pitch that engulfs and smothers insect predators. C) They produce seeds that emit a foul odor to ward off predators. D) They commonly have needle-shaped leaves. E) They have the greatest number of species and a larger geographic range than all other gymnosperms.

C) They produce seeds that emit a foul odor to ward off predators.

6. You find a green leafy moss growing in the forest. It is unquestionably: A) an angiosperm. B) a gymnosperm. C) a bryophyte. D) diploid. E) polyploid.

C) a bryophyte.

2. The dry, waxy layer that covers the leaves and stems of plants is known as the: A) roots. B) vasculature. C) cuticle. D) prothallus. E) sporangia

C) cuticle.

22. The stamens of a flowering plant are divided into two separate parts. The long, stalk-like structure is the _________, and the pollen-producing bodies on the tips are the __________. A) stem; anthers B) filament; carpels C) filament; anthers D) stem; ovaries E) stigma; style

C) filament; anthers

25. You are eating in a French restaurant, and you read that snails are on the menu. Being a knowledgeable biologist, you inform the other members at the table that this restaurant is serving: A) cephalopods. B) bivalves. C) gastropods. D) nautiluses. E) annelids.

C) gastropods

48. The feeding structure of a fungus is called a: A) mushroom. B) fruiting body. C) mycelium. D) spore. E) chitin.

C) mycelium.

6. The vast majority of invertebrates are: A) carnivores. B) terrestrial. C) protostomes. D) parasitic. E) asexually reproductive

C) protostomes.

24. Which organism is not a bivalve? A) clam B) oyster C) scallop D) mussel E) barnacle

C) scallop

29. Successful wind pollination usually requires: A) large, colorful flowers. B) the wind out of the north. C) the relative proximity of individuals to one another. D) the release of small amounts of pollen. E) the wind out of the south.

C) the relative proximity of individuals to one another.

47. You bite into your favorite late night studying snack, which is mushroom cheese pizza, and think to yourself, "What exactly am I eating?" Which part of a fungus do you have smothered with cheese on your pizza? A) the extensive grouping of hyphae into the mycelium B) the non-reproductive thallus C) the short-lived reproductive structure called a fruiting body D) the rhizoids E) an aggregation of spores formed into a club-shaped structure

C) the short-lived reproductive structure called a fruiting body

40. Cotton grass (Eriophorum) produces small seeds that are attached to a fluffy mass of "cotton" hairs. These seeds are most likely dispersed by: A) bats. B) birds. C) wind. D) water. E) propulsion

C) wind.

2. Which statement about all animals is false? A) All animals are descended from a common ancestor. B) All animals eat other organisms. C) All animals are eukaryotes. D) All animals have a dorsal nerve cord. E) All animals reproduce sexually.

D) All animals have a dorsal nerve cord.

34. Which of the choices below best describes the phrase "double fertilization" in angiosperms? A) Two pollen grains land on the same stigma. B) Two sperm cells fertilize the same egg cell that leads to the embryo. C) Each pollen grain contains two sperm cells and each fertilizes its own egg. D) Each pollen grain contains two sperm cells: one leads to the fertilization that produces the embryo, and the other leads to the fertilization that produces the endosperm. E) Each angiosperm has two ovules, and each is fertilized by a sperm cell

D) Each pollen grain contains two sperm cells: one leads to the fertilization that produces the embryo, and the other leads to the fertilization that produces the endosperm.

56. The species of human that averaged only 3 feet tall was: A) Homo sapiens. B) Homo erectus. C) Homo habilis. D) Homo floresiensis. E) Homo neanderthalensis

D) Homo floresiensis.

54. Which anatomical characteristic of humans can be traced back to our arboreal origins? A) increased body weight B) omnivorous diet C) viviparity D) ability to grasp objects with fingers and toes E) hair that insulates the body

D) ability to grasp objects with fingers and toes

15. Although coral polyps can catch prey using their cnidocysts, they obtain most of their nutrition from _____________, called zooxanthellae, which live symbiotically with the polyps. A) lichens B) fungi C) medusae D) algae E) sponges

D) algae

16. Which of these is the most diverse group of plants? A) gymnosperms B) ferns C) nontracheophytes D) angiosperms E) conifers

D) angiosperms

43. The closest relative to fungi are ___________, which diverged about _____________ years ago. A) plants; 1 trillion B) bacteria; 10 million C) protists; 100 million D) animals; 1 billion E) archaea; 1 million

D) animals; 1 billion

22. Segmented worms (annelids), roundworms (nematodes), and flatworms (platyhelminthes): A) are a monophyletic group. B) are all asexual. C) are all internal parasites. D) are all bilaterally symmetrical. E) are all chordates

D) are all bilaterally symmetrical.

28. Flowering plants have evolved to attract animals to assist them in pollination. Which animal is a common pollinator of flowering plants? A) eagle B) ant C) sparrow D) bat E) dragonfly

D) bat

10. Early seed plants were pollinated by: A) bees. B) wind. C) butterflies. D) birds. E) still water.

D) birds.

38. The evolution of flowers and fruit corresponds with the evolution of: A) seeds. B) pollen. C) sporophytes. D) double fertilization. E) cuticles.

D) double fertilization.

32. Which list shows the proper sequence of events that occurs when a flowering plant reproduces? A) meiosis; fertilization; growth of the pollen tube; germination B) mitosis; embryo formation; pollination; seed development C) growth of pollen tube; pollination; germination; fertilization D) meiosis; pollination; fertilization; embryo formation E) fertilization; meiosis; nuclear fusion; endosperm formation

D) meiosis; pollination; fertilization; embryo formation

51. A mycorrhizal fungus provides __________ to its host plant, and it receives __________ from the plant. A) nutrients; proteins B) carbohydrates; vitamins C) lipid; carbohydrates D) nutrients; carbohydrates E) nothing; nutrients

D) nutrients; carbohydrates

25. Gymnosperms and angiosperms have the following in common except: A) seeds. B) pollen. C) xylem. D) ovaries. E) ovules.

D) ovaries.

30. Petals: A) are present mainly to protect the stamens and carpels. B) serve to attract insects to collect and disperse fruit. C) serve as landing pads for pollinators. D) serve to attract animals to collect and disperse pollen. E) serve all of the above purposes.

D) serve to attract animals to collect and disperse pollen

4. In the life cycle of a non-flowering, non-seed plant (fern), the process of meiosis produces: A) gametes. B) diploid cells. C) eggs. D) spores. E) pollen

D) spores.

43. Reptiles show numerous adaptations for a completely terrestrial life cycle. One adaptation that first occurred in the reptiles includes: A) lungs. B) the ability to "breathe" through their skin. C) tetraploidy. D) the amniotic egg. E) teeth.

D) the amniotic egg.

32. All of these are insects except: A) flies. B) lice. C) fleas. D) ticks. E) bugs

D) ticks.

8. Both mosses and ferns must have freestanding water present (water droplets, for example) in order to fulfill their requirements for fertilization. Which statement is the best explanation for why this is true? A) Both mosses and ferns have male gametes that float in water to the female structure. B) Both mosses and ferns have gametes that require the plant to take in a lot of water in order to fulfill their photosynthetic requirements. C) Both mosses and ferns have motile female gametes that require water to travel to the male gametes. D) Both mosses and ferns have motile male and motile female gametes that come together in water to fertilize. E) Both mosses and ferns have motile male gametes that require water to travel to the female gametes.

E) Both mosses and ferns have motile male gametes that require water to travel to the female gametes.

5. Which is the best brief description of the vascular system of the very first terrestrial plants? A) The first plants developed specialized vessel cells that conducted water. B) The first plants did not develop a vascular system and did not transport water through the plant. C) The first plants had a very basic vascular system with a simple method of internal transport. D) The first plants had only long, needle-like leaves, from which water could evaporate easily. E) The first plants did not develop a vascular system and transported water through the plant by diffusion from cell to cell.

E) The first plants did not develop a vascular system and transported water through the plant by diffusion from cell to cell.

35. Which of these is not an echinoderm? A) sea stars B) sea urchins C) sand dollars D) sea cucumbers E) barnacles

E) barnacles

49. Just before the first diploid cell is formed in a fungal life cycle, the cell is said to be: A) haploid. B) a gamete. C) a mycelium. D) monokaryotic. E) dikaryotic.

E) dikaryotic.

27. Which has the fewest species? A) angiosperms B) mosses C) ferns D) conifers E) gingko

E) gingko

19. Which of these is not an example of an angiosperm? A) orchids B) cherry trees C) grasses D) cacti E) gingko trees

E) gingko trees

47. A feature that only mammals have is: A) predatory behavior. B) internal skeleton. C) bilateral symmetry. D) a skeleton of calcium carbonate. E) hair

E) hair.

13. What "new" evolutionary innovation that is seen in conifers is absent in more primitive plants? A) waterproofing cuticles on the leaves B) a prominent diploid generation C) fertilization of the female gamete by the male gamete D) roots that penetrate the soil E) production of seeds

E) production of seeds

23. Which term can be associated with gastropods? A) collar cells B) compound eyes C) complete stomach D) notochord E) radula

E) radula

35. Which aspect of the angiosperm life cycle and morphology is not unique to angiosperms? A) double fertilization B) stamens C) petals D) ovaries E) seeds

E) seeds

23. All of these floral parts are directly involved in pollination or fertilization except the: A) style. B) stigma. C) carpel. D) stamen. E) sepal.

E) sepal.

30. The arthropoda class Crustacea includes all of the following kinds of animals except: A) lobsters. B) crabs. C) shrimp. D) crayfish. E) snails.

E) snails.

24. The female parts of a flower are the: A) filament, ovary, sepal, and egg. B) anther, ovary, and ovule. C) anther, filament, style, and ovary. D) ovule, sepal, ovary, and stigma. E) stigma, style, ovary, and ovule.

E) stigma, style, ovary, and ovule.

40. Chordate animals get their name from which prominent characteristic? A) the rope-like extension of their tails beyond the anus B) the dorsal hollow nerve cord C) the elongated pharyngeal slits, which appear as piano keys D) the bony skeleton supporting the spine E) the presence of a rod of support tissue

E) the presence of a rod of support tissue

18. The outer, green leaf-like portion of a flower encloses the inner petals like a protective barrier. What is the name of this outermost portion? A) the stalk B) the leaves C) the carpel D) the pistil E) the sepa

E) the sepa