Bio Ch 8

Arrange the steps of carbon dioxide fixation during the Calvin cycle in order, with the first step at the TOP.

1. attachment of 3 carbon dioxide to 3 RuBP 2. production of 3 6-carbon molecules 3. production of 6 3-carbon molecules called 3PG

How many carbon dioxide molecules are needed to produce a glucose during photosynthesis?

6

Photosystem II provides the energy to make

ATP

What is the first step of carbon dioxide reduction during the Calvin cycle?

ATP is used to convert 3PG to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate (BPG).

In the equation for photosynthesis, the term energy stands for solar energy, whereas in the equation for cellular respiration, the term energy stands for the chemical energy held by

ATP molecules

The enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP as hydrogen ions flow down their concentration gradient is called

ATP synthase

What are organisms that can produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis?

Autotrophs

Plants that produce a three carbon molecule following carbon dioxide fixation are called

C3 plants

match the photosynthetic pathway on the left to the correct description on the right

C3- Calvin cycle does not occur in bundle sheath cells C4 - Calvin cycle occurs in bundle sheath cells

Both sugarcane and corn are examples of

C4 plants

In what plants do both bundle sheath cells and mesophyll cells contain chloroplasts?

C4 plants

What photosynthetic pathway is used by Cacti?

CAM

During which stage of photosynthesis are carbohydrates synthesized?

Calvin cycle

Which stage of the Calvin cycle uses ATP for energy and accepts electrons and hydrogen ions from NADPH?

Carbon dioxide reduction

Which pigment is best at absorbing blue wavelengths of light?

Chlorophyll b

In which organelle does photosynthesis occur?

Chloroplast

Which of these systems is used to pump hydrogen ions across the thylakoid membrane?

Electron transport chain

True or false: C3 plants use CO2 to form a 4-carbon molecule during photosynthesis.

False

Match the photosynthetic reaction on the left with the correct description on the right.

Light reactions-> light dependent, Calvin cycle reactions-> light independant

The coenzyme that functions in photosynthesis is

NADP+

Energized electrons leave photosystem I and are used to reduce ______.

NADP+ to NADPH

Hydrogen atoms are carried from the light reactions to the Calvin cycle reactions by the coenzyme _______

NADPH, nadp+, or NADP

______ and ______ are outputs of photosynthesis.

O2 and C6H12O6

C4 photosynthesis is an adaptation that reduces the occurrence of a wasteful reaction called ________in plants that inhabit hot, dry environments.

Photorespiration

Which of these is associated with the reduction of NADP+?

Photosystem I

Place the following items in the correct order as they would function in the noncyclic electron pathway of photosynthesis.

Photosystem II Electron transport chain Photosystem I Nadp Reductase

Which plant organ functions to obtain the water required for the process of photosynthesis?

Root

During the third stage of the Calvin cycle, the starting material ______ is regenerated.

RuBP

What would you expect to happen if you compare the rate of photosynthesis in bright white light and in darkness?

The rate of photosynthesis will be greater in bright white light than in darkness.

Two components of a photosystem are

a pigment complex and an electron acceptor.

In the cyclic electron pathway, photosystem I passes its energized electrons to

an electron transport chain.

Organisms that can make their own food through the process of photosynthesis are called producers or

autotrophs

Select the plant that would utilize CAM photosynthesis.

cactus

The "synthesis" part of the term photosynthesis relates to the production of

carbohydrate.

Photosynthesis requires water,________ , and sunlight as inputs to the process.

carbon dioxide

Which stage of the Calvin cycle uses ATP for energy and accepts electrons and hydrogen ions from NADPH?

carbon dioxide reduction

Pigments that serve as an accessory to chlorophyll in photosynthesis and that can give cells a yellow to red color are called ______.

carotenoids

While chlorophyll is the major pigment used in photosynthesis, plants also use yellow and orange accessory pigments called_________.

carotenoids

The overall equation for photosynthesis is the opposite of the equation for

cellular respiration

A green pigment that captures solar energy in the process of photosynthesis is called ______.

chlorophyll

The primary photosynthetic pigment that plants use to absorb solar energy is

chlorophyll

The double membrane-bounded organelle in algae and plants where photosynthesis takes place is called a(n)

chloroplast,

The specialized organelles that carry out photosynthesis are called

chloroplasts

The electron pathway that involves only photosystem I is called the _________ electron pathway.

cyclic

If a photosynthetic cell has abundant NADPH, it may enter the

cyclic electron pathway.

The CAM pathway enables plants to survive in very __________ environments.

dry

During the light reactions, electrons are transferred from photosystem II to photosystem I via the ______________ chain.

electron transport

The term photosynthesis refers to the capture of solar _________ and the production of carbohydrate.

energy

Solar energy lies on a spectrum, which is described in terms of which of these properties? energy content physical volume rate of speed wavelength chemical makeup

energy content wavelength

True or false: The light reactions supply the carbon needed by the Calvin cycle to produce carbohydrates.

false

Carbon dioxide ______ is the first step of the Calvin cycle.

fixation

Photosystem I functions to ______.

form NADPH

Match the substance on the left with the correct function that it performs in plants on the right.

glucose -> energy for the product of ATP sucrose -> transportation of chemical energy one part of a plant to another starch -> chemical energy storage molecule found in chloroplasts and roots cellulose -> building material for the construction of cell walls

The products of photosynthesis are

glucose and oxygen

In a chloroplast, a stack of flattened thylakoid sacs is called a

granum

In this image of a chloroplast, the arrow points to a stack of flattened sacs called a ______.

granum

An organism that cannot synthesize organic compounds from inorganic substances and therefore must take in organic food is called a consumer or a

heterotroph

Organisms that consume preformed organic molecules are called ______.

heterotrophs

ATP synthase catalyzes the synthesis of ATP because

hydrogen ions flow through it.

In the cyclic electron pathway, photosystem I receives its replacement electrons from

itself.

Photosynthesis takes place in the plant's

leaves and green stems

Match the set of reactions on the left with its description on the right.

light reactions ->releases oxygen Calvin cycle -> reduces carbon dioxide to a carbohydrate

The outermost structure of a chloroplast is the

outer membrane.

The conversion of solar energy into the chemical energy of a carbohydrate occurs during the process of

photosynthesis

In the noncyclic electron pathway of photosynthesis, photosystem I receives electrons from ______.

photosystem II

What complex absorbs solar energy at the beginning of the noncyclic electron pathway?

photosystem II

Match the molecular complex of the thylakoid membrane on the left with the correct description on the right.

photosystem II -> receives electrons from water electron transport chain -> pumps hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space photosystem I -> passes electrons to NADP reductase ATP synthase -> allows hydrogen ions to pass down their concentration gradients

When the chlorophyll in the reaction center of photosystem I loses its electrons, these are replaced by electrons from

photosystem II.

The pigment complex of photosystem II absorbs solar energy and passes it from one pigment to another, until it reaches a particular pair of chlorophyll a molecules called the ______; here, electrons become energized and are moved to a nearby ______.

reaction center; electron acceptor

If a solution is undergoing a reaction where CO2 is being used as a reactant, what color is the phenol red-containing solution shifting toward?

red

The radiant energy from the sun that can be described in terms of its wavelength and energy content is called ________ energy.

solar

The process of photosynthesis converts

solar energy into chemical energy

Plants store glucose in an energy storage carbohydrate called __________ and use __________as a building material for the construction of cell walls.

starch cellulose

The fluid-filled interior of the chloroplast indicated by the arrow is the

stroma

What is photosynthesis? (Check all that apply).

the conversion of sunlight energy into chemical energy the process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protist use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar

The fluid-filled interior of a chloroplast is called

the stroma.

In the white light experiment, in which elodea leaves and sodium bicarbonate were added to tubes, the net rate photosynthesis was determined by volume changes in volumeters due to (Check all that apply)

the volume of oxygen produced during photosynthesis. the volume of oxygen consumed during respiration.

In this chloroplast, the arrow points to a flattened, sac-shaped membrane called a ______.

thylakoid

In the noncyclic electron pathway of the light reactions, where are photosystems I and II located?

thylakoid membrane

The specific chloroplast structure that contains the photosynthetic pigments is the

thylakoid.

In the presence of acid, phenol red turns yellow. As the pH rises (becomes alkaline), the solution returns to red. Based on this explanation, the uptake of CO2 by a plant in distilled water containing CO2 and a drop of phenol red would cause the water solution to

to turn pink

What wavelengths of light do carotenoids absorb when photosynthesis begins in the thylakoid membranes?

violet and blue

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum including wavelengths that humans can see and that are used for photosynthesis is called ______.

visible light

Select the examples of radiant energy in the electromagnetic spectrum. Multiple select question. visible light electricity gamma rays radio waves

visible light gamma rays radio waves

Select the examples of radiant energy in the electromagnetic spectrum.

visible light radio waves gamma rays

The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum used in photosynthesis is called _________ light.

visible or white

Photosystem II receives replacement electrons from molecules of ________.

water

The reactants of photosynthesis are

water and carbon dioxide

How does a phenol red-containing solution look if CO2 level is high?

yellow

Match the photosynthetic pathway on the left to its description on the right.

Сз -> less adapted to hot, dry conditions C4 -> more adapted to hot, dry conditions

In a chloroplast, where is carbon dioxide used to produce a carbohydrate?

Stroma

Select examples of C4 plants. • Sugarcane • Corn • Cacti • Wheat

Sugarcane Corn

In a chloroplast, where is solar energy absorbed during photosynthesis?

Thylakoid

True or false: CAM plants are adapted to take in carbon dioxide at night.

True

Which portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is used in photosynthesis?

Visible light

Which of the following are major inputs to the process of photosynthesis? Multiple select question. Glucose Water Carbon dioxide Oxygen

Water Carbon dioxide