bio chapt 16
We are currently in the Answer Archaean eon. Proterozoic eon. Paleozoic era. Mesozoic era. Cenozoic era.
We are currently in the Answer Archaean eon. Proterozoic eon. Paleozoic era. Mesozoic era. *Cenozoic era.*
What gene controls the expression of the D1x (appendage) gene in vertebrates? Answer Alu Apetala Conx HOX petala
What gene controls the expression of the D1x (appendage) gene in vertebrates? Answer Alu Apetala Conx *HOX* petala
Which of the following habitats is most likely to be rich in fossils? Answer eroding hillsides deserts polar ice caps bed of former shallow sea rocky plateau
Which of the following habitats is most likely to be rich in fossils? Answer eroding hillsides deserts polar ice caps *bed of former shallow sea* rocky plateau
Which of the following organisms would you expect to find preserved as a fossil? Answer a jellyfish a shelled arthropod such as a trilobite an earthworm a nematode a protistan such as an amoeba
Which of the following organisms would you expect to find preserved as a fossil? Answer a jellyfish *a shelled arthropod such as a trilobite* an earthworm a nematode a protistan such as an amoeba
Which of the following serve as examples of morphological convergence? Answer sharks, penguins, and porpoises panthers and tigers apes and monkeys sharks, skates, and rays mice, rats, and gerbils
Which of the following serve as examples of morphological convergence? Answer *sharks, penguins, and porpoises* panthers and tigers apes and monkeys sharks, skates, and rays mice, rats, and gerbils
Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics? Answer Nature selects the best adapted individuals to survive and reproduce. Environmental pressures cause changes that are inherited. Life forms gradually proceed toward perfection. A great pianist would likely beget a great pianist. The drive for improvement was in the "fluida" that flowed into body parts needing change.
Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics?*Nature selects the best adapted individuals to survive and reproduce.* Environmental pressures cause changes that are inherited. Life forms gradually proceed toward perfection. A great pianist would likely beget a great pianist. The drive for improvement was in the "fluida" that flowed into body parts needing change.
Which of the following terms best describes the concept that molten rock emanates from the edge of a plate on the Earth's crust, pushing rock on the other side into a trench? Answer the theory of uniformity plate tectonics hot spots fault line rupture biogeography
Which of the following terms best describes the concept that molten rock emanates from the edge of a plate on the Earth's crust, pushing rock on the other side into a trench? Answer the theory of uniformity *plate tectonics* hot spots fault line rupture biogeography
Which of the following was not one of Darwin's observations? Answer Most individuals have an equal chance to survive and reproduce. Changes in organisms were gradual and took place over long periods of time. Members of the same species may show considerable variation. Some characteristics are heritable and are passed on to offspring. Some characteristics afford the organism with improved chances of survival
Which of the following was not one of Darwin's observations? Answer *Most individuals have an equal chance to survive and reproduce.* Changes in organisms were gradual and took place over long periods of time. Members of the same species may show considerable variation. Some characteristics are heritable and are passed on to offspring. Some characteristics afford the organism with improved chances of survival
Which of the following was not originally part of Gondwana? Answer Africa Antarctica Australia North America South America
Which of the following was not originally part of Gondwana? Answer Africa Antarctica Australia *North America* South America
Which of the following would be considered more primitive based upon the structure of their limbs? Answer bats stem reptiles porpoises penguins birds
Which of the following would be considered more primitive based upon the structure of their limbs? Answer bats *stem reptiles* porpoises penguins birds
Darwin was influenced by which of the following concepts attributable to Charles Lyell? Answer The geological history of Earth is a series of catastrophes. Acquired characteristics can be inherited. Natural selection operates on the tremendous variation found in nature. All life forms a part of a great Chain of Being. The geologic forces in Earth's history show predictable uniformity
Darwin was influenced by which of the following concepts attributable to Charles Lyell? Answer The geological history of Earth is a series of catastrophes. Acquired characteristics can be inherited. Natural selection operates on the tremendous variation found in nature. All life forms a part of a great Chain of Being. *The geologic forces in Earth's history show predictable uniformity*
Darwin's mentor, who arranged for Darwin's position on H.M.S. Beagle, was Answer Alfred Wallace. John Henslow. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. Georges Cuvier. Charles Lyell.
Darwin's mentor, who arranged for Darwin's position on H.M.S. Beagle, was Answer Alfred Wallace. *John Henslow.* Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. Georges Cuvier. Charles Lyell.
Dinosaurs went extinct about _____ years ago. 50,000 20 million 65 million 100 million 1 billion
Dinosaurs went extinct about _____ years ago. 50,000 20 million *65 million* 100 million 1 billion
Radiometric dating reveals that volcanic rock samples are older if they have a Answer higher ratio of 12C to 14C . higher ratio of uranium to lead . lower ratio of uranium to lead . lower ratio of 12C to 14C . higher ratio of uranium 238 to thorium 234.
Radiometric dating reveals that volcanic rock samples are older if they have a Answer higher ratio of 12C to 14C . higher ratio of uranium to lead . *lower ratio of uranium to lead .* lower ratio of 12C to 14C . higher ratio of uranium 238 to thorium 234.
The K-T boundary layer is evidence of the impact of a 300,000 ton asteroid that created the Barringer Crater in Arizona. a transition in the fossil record indicating a mass extinction. a period of planetary cooling. both the impact of a 300,000 ton asteroid that created the Barringer Crater in Arizona and a period of planetary cooling. both a transition in the fossil record indicating a mass extinction and the impact of a 300,000 ton asteroid that created the Barringer Crater in Arizona.
The K-T boundary layer is evidence of the impact of a 300,000 ton asteroid that created the Barringer Crater in Arizona. *a transition in the fossil record indicating a mass extinction.* a period of planetary cooling. both the impact of a 300,000 ton asteroid that created the Barringer Crater in Arizona and a period of planetary cooling. both a transition in the fossil record indicating a mass extinction and the impact of a 300,000 ton asteroid that created the Barringer Crater in Arizona.
The convergence in external morphology of sharks, penguins, and porpoises is attributed to Answer reduced genetic variability in these groups. selection pressures that are common to these groups. reproductive isolation of these groups. identical genes in all three groups. all of these.
The convergence in external morphology of sharks, penguins, and porpoises is attributed to Answer reduced genetic variability in these groups. *selection pressures that are common to these groups.* reproductive isolation of these groups. identical genes in all three groups. all of these.
The forelimbs of early mammals were similar in all features except Answer embryonic origin. position on the body. number. function. composition.
The forelimbs of early mammals were similar in all features except Answer embryonic origin. position on the body. number. *function.* composition.
The fossil record is incomplete because Answer very few organisms were preserved as fossils. organisms tend to decay before becoming a fossil. animals with hard parts are preserved more easily. geological processes may destroy fossils. of all of these.
The fossil record is incomplete because Answer very few organisms were preserved as fossils. organisms tend to decay before becoming a fossil. animals with hard parts are preserved more easily. geological processes may destroy fossils. *of all of these.*
The idea of catatrophism was dependent upon which assumption? Answer species can change over time soft-bodied organisms fossilize as frequently as hard-bodied organisms do geologic forces in the past were different from those of today offspring can inherit characteristics acquired by their parents unrelated animals can evolve into similar morphological forms
The idea of catatrophism was dependent upon which assumption? Answer species can change over time soft-bodied organisms fossilize as frequently as hard-bodied organisms do *geologic forces in the past were different from those of today* offspring can inherit characteristics acquired by their parents unrelated animals can evolve into similar morphological forms
The idea that fossils were the remnants of ancient forms of life was developed because Answer fossils were found throughout the world. unique fossils are found in specific layers of stratified rocks. fossils resembled living organisms. fossils could be used to study past geologic events. of all of these
The idea that fossils were the remnants of ancient forms of life was developed because Answer fossils were found throughout the world. unique fossils are found in specific layers of stratified rocks. fossils resembled living organisms. fossils could be used to study past geologic events. *of all of these*
The large land mass that contained all the continents during the Triassic was called Answer Laurasia. Pangea. Gondwana. Atlantis. all of these.
The large land mass that contained all the continents during the Triassic was called Answer Laurasia. *Pangea.* Gondwana. Atlantis. all of these.
The person credited with being the codiscoverer of the theory of natural selection was Answer Alfred Wallace. Charles Lyell. Thomas Malthus. James Hutton. John Henslow.
The person credited with being the codiscoverer of the theory of natural selection was Answer *Alfred Wallace.* Charles Lyell. Thomas Malthus. James Hutton. John Henslow.
The place Darwin visited on his trip around the world that had the greatest impact on his thinking was Answer the Canary Islands. Africa. the Hawaiian Islands. the Galapagos Islands. Brazil.
The place Darwin visited on his trip around the world that had the greatest impact on his thinking was Answer the Canary Islands. Africa. the Hawaiian Islands. *the Galapagos Islands.* Brazil.
The study of body plans and structures among groups of organisms is called homologous structures. analogous structures. comparative morphology. morphological convergence. morphological divergence.
The study of body plans and structures among groups of organisms is called homologous structures. analogous structures. *comparative morphology.* morphological convergence. morphological divergence.
The study of early life stages has revealed the conservative nature of the genes responsible for Answer food procurement. reproductive behavior. embryonic development. size. intelligence.
The study of early life stages has revealed the conservative nature of the genes responsible for Answer food procurement. reproductive behavior. *embryonic development.* size. intelligence.
The study of the patterns in the distribution of plants and animals around the world is diversity. biogeography. ecology. archaeology. environmentalism.
The study of the patterns in the distribution of plants and animals around the world is diversity. *biogeography.* ecology. archaeology. environmentalism.
According to Darwin, natural selection is based on the ____ found in populations. Answer acquired characters variations weakest members noncompetitors similarities
According to Darwin, natural selection is based on the ____ found in populations. Answer acquired characters *variations* weakest members noncompetitors similarities
During which of the following epochs did a major extinction event begin? Answer Eocene Oligocene Miocene Pleistocene Recent
During which of the following epochs did a major extinction event begin? Answer Eocene Oligocene Miocene Pleistocene *Recent*
Fossils found in the lowest geological strata are generally the most Answer advanced. complex. primitive. widespread. specialized.
Fossils found in the lowest geological strata are generally the most Answer advanced. complex. *primitive.* widespread. specialized.
Fossils would include Answer skeletons. shells. seeds. tracks. all of these.
Fossils would include Answer skeletons. shells. seeds. tracks. *all of these.*
Four of the five answers are habitats favoring fossil preservation. Select the exception. Answer deserts swamp tar pits seafloor caves
Four of the five answers are habitats favoring fossil preservation. Select the exception. Answer *deserts* swamp tar pits seafloor caves
Four of the five answers listed below are portions of the theory of natural selection. Select the exception. Answer Variation is heritable. Heritable traits vary in adaptability. More organisms are produced than can survive. The largest and strongest always contribute more genes to the next generation. Natural selection is the result of differential reproduction.
Four of the five answers listed below are portions of the theory of natural selection. Select the exception. Answer Variation is heritable. Heritable traits vary in adaptability. More organisms are produced than can survive. *The largest and strongest always contribute more genes to the next generation.* Natural selection is the result of differential reproduction.
Four of the five pairs listed below show analogy. Select the exception. Answer wings of pigeons and insects flippers of dolphins and penguins flippers of whales, fins of sharks wings of pigeons and flippers of penguins wings of pigeons and bats
Four of the five pairs listed below show analogy. Select the exception. Answer wings of pigeons and insects flippers of dolphins and penguins flippers of whales, fins of sharks *wings of pigeons and flippers of penguins* wings of pigeons and bats
Four of the five wings below are homologous. Select the exception. Answer bat chicken fly penguin pterosaur
Four of the five wings below are homologous. Select the exception. Answer bat chicken *fly* penguin pterosaur
Georges Cuvier was a strong proponent of the theory of Answer uniformity. relativity. catastrophism. natural selection. acquired characteristics.
Georges Cuvier was a strong proponent of the theory of Answer uniformity. relativity. *catastrophism.* natural selection. acquired characteristics.
In Argentina, Darwin noted the similarity of fossils of glyptodonts to modern Answer rodents. finches. turtles. armadillos. ostriches.
In Argentina, Darwin noted the similarity of fossils of glyptodonts to modern Answer rodents. finches. turtles. *armadillos.* ostriches.
Life probably originated during which geologic time? Answer Archaean Cenzoic Mesozoic Carboniferous Pennsylvanian
Life probably originated during which geologic time? Answer *Archaean* Cenzoic Mesozoic Carboniferous Pennsylvanian
Most scientists believe that the dinosaurs went extinct due to runaway global warming. competition from early mammals. an asteroid impact. an ice age. unknown causes.
Most scientists believe that the dinosaurs went extinct due to runaway global warming. competition from early mammals. *an asteroid impact.* an ice age. unknown causes.
Possible evolutionary relationships, when determined solely by the study of comparative morphology, may be incorrect due to Answer morphological divergence. morphological convergence. adaptive radiation. extinction. homology.
Possible evolutionary relationships, when determined solely by the study of comparative morphology, may be incorrect due to Answer morphological divergence. *morphological convergence.* adaptive radiation. extinction. homology.
Radiometric dating of the most ancient fossils uses the Answer ratio of uranium to lead in volcanic rock found with the fossils. ratio of carbon 14 to carbon 12 in a sample of the fossil. counting of the rings of trees found with the fossils. comparison of unknown fossils with fossils of known age. transmission of radio waves through the fossil.
Radiometric dating of the most ancient fossils uses the Answer *ratio of uranium to lead in volcanic rock found with the fossils.* ratio of carbon 14 to carbon 12 in a sample of the fossil. counting of the rings of trees found with the fossils. comparison of unknown fossils with fossils of known age. transmission of radio waves through the fossil.
Scientists began to question the perfection of the Chain of Being because of the discovery of new organisms in other parts of the world. the presence of vestigial structures in some organisms. the existence of fossil forms. similarities in structures found in different forms of life. all of these.
Scientists began to question the perfection of the Chain of Being because of the discovery of new organisms in other parts of the world. the presence of vestigial structures in some organisms. the existence of fossil forms. similarities in structures found in different forms of life. *all of these.*
The theory of catastrophism Answer was proposed by Buffon. indicates that a series of disasters necessitated separate acts of creation to replace species that became extinct. states that one worldwide disaster led to massive extinction and subsequent replacement by a new creation. held that after a series of massive extinctions, the world was repopulated by survivors of existing species. has no basis in fact because extinctions just happen with no apparent reason.
The theory of catastrophism Answer was proposed by Buffon. indicates that a series of disasters necessitated separate acts of creation to replace species that became extinct. states that one worldwide disaster led to massive extinction and subsequent replacement by a new creation. *held that after a series of massive extinctions, the world was repopulated by survivors of existing species.* has no basis in fact because extinctions just happen with no apparent reason.
The wings of a bird and the wings of a butterfly are ____ and show morphological ____. Answer homologous; convergence analogous; convergence homologous; divergence analogous; divergence none of these
The wings of a bird and the wings of a butterfly are ____ and show morphological ____. Answer homologous; convergence *analogous; convergence* homologous; divergence analogous; divergence none of these
Thomas Malthus proposed that Answer the food supply multiplied faster than the population. the population multiplied faster than the food supply. the food supply and populations multiplied at the same rate. artificial selection was the key to evolution. natural selection was the key to evolution.
Thomas Malthus proposed that Answer the food supply multiplied faster than the population. *the population multiplied faster than the food supply.* the food supply and populations multiplied at the same rate. artificial selection was the key to evolution. natural selection was the key to evolution.