Bio chapter 10 cell growth and division
A cell that has 6 chromosomes in the G1 phase will have how many chromatids in the G2 phase?
12
If a cell has 18 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in each of the two new daughter cells after mitosis?
18
If you were in bio class and you broke a beaker and cut your finger on the glass, are internal regulators or external regulators more important in the process of healing the wound?
Both internal and external bc the wound needs to be repaired to fill in the gap of lost cells and produce several different types of cells.
The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called:
Cell division
In plant cells, what structure forms between the divided nuclei?
Cell plate
What is a totipotent cell?
Cells produced by the first few cell divisions of embryonic development.
What is the chromosome material called during DNA replication?
Chromatid
A cow has 60 chromosomes in most of its body cells. How does mitosis function to maintain this number of chromosomes in each cell?
Chromosomes are replicated in interphase and separated in anaphase.
Which explains why normal cells grown in a Petri dish tend to stop growing once they have covered the bottom of the dish?
Contact with other cells stop cell growth.
During early development, all cells in the embryo of a multicellular organism are identical. Later in development, the cells become specialized thru a process called
Differentiation
What happens to a cell during Interphase?
G1, S and G2 phases.
What are the four phases of the CELL CYCLE?
G1, S, G2, and M phase.
What mitosis phase do the spindle fibers attach to the centromeres and the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell?
Metaphase
What is the process of nuclear division in a non-sex cell called?
Mitosis
Compared to small cells, large cells have more trouble:
Moving needed materials in and waste products out.
Cancer affects
Multicellular organisms only
What mitosis phase do chromosome appear?
Prophase
What are the four phases of MITOSIS?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
What are cyclins?
Proteins that regulate the cell cycle.
An advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that sexual reproduction:
Provides genetic diversity
Which of the following is a possible future benefit of stem cell research?
Reversing damage from a heart attack.
When are the cell's chromosomes replicated during the cell cycle?
S phase
The cell cycle is the
Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.
What is a multi potent cell?
Stem cells taken from an adult.
What is a pluripotent cell?
Stem cells taken from the inner cell mass from the blastocyst.
The rate at which materials enter and leave the cell depends on the cells:
Surface area.
What mitosis phase does the nuclear Membrane start to reform?
Telophase
What happens during the S phase?
The DNA is copied in the nucleus.
The nerve cells in the human body seldom undergo mitosis and cell division. How well would the body be able to repair damage to parts of the nervous system?
The body would not be able to repair itself bc the cells are not programmed to undergo mitosis and cell division fast enough or at all.
What happens during G1 phase?
The cell starts to grow.
What happens during the metaphase?
The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
What happens during the telophase?
The cleavage furrow forms.
Why are all cells relatively the same size?
The volume gets larger than the surface area and this causes transportation and communication problems in the cell.
How does the # and size of cells in small organisms compare to those in larger organisms?
There are fewer cells in a smaller organism but the size of the cells is the same between the small and larger organisms.
Why are sister chromatids identical?
They came from the same genetic material.
Why are stem cells important?
They have the potential to develop into other cell types.
What type of cells have the potential to develop into the widest variety of differentiated cells?
Totipotent
Cancer cells form masses of cells called
Tumors