Bio Chapter 19

Protist

A eukaryote that cannot be classified as a plant, animal, or fungus; usually unicellular.

Animal

A eukaryotic multicellular organism that obtains nutrients by ingesting other organisms.

Exoskeleton

A hard external skeleton covering the body of many animals, such as arthropods.

Hypha (Plural: Hyphae)

A long, threadlike structure through which fungi absorb nutrients.

Plant

A multicellular eukaryote that has cell walls, carries out photosynthesis, and is adapted to living on land.

Bryophtye

A nonvascular plant that does not produce seeds.

Vascular Plant

A plant with tissues that transport water and nutrients through the plant body.

Angiosperm

A seed-bearing flowering plant with seeds typically contained within a fruit.

Gymnosperm

A seed-bearing plant with exposed seeds typically held in cones.

Annelid

A segmented worm, such as an earthworm.

Insect

A six-legged arthropod with three body segments: head, thorax, and abdomen.

Mollusk

A soft-bodied invertebrate, generally with a hard shell (which may be tiny, internal, or absent in some mollusks).

Endoskeleton

A solid internal skeleton found in many animals, including humans.

Mycelium (Plural: Mycelia)

A spreading mass of interwoven hyphae that forms the often subterranean body of multicellular fungi.

Alga (Plural: Algae)

A uni- or multicellular photosynthetic protist.

Fungus (Plural: Fungi)

A unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organism that obtains nutrients by secreting digestive enzymes onto organic matter and absorbing the digested product.

Consider the "eating habits" of fungi A. Can fungi carry out photosynthesis B. Can fungi ingest their food? C. How do fungi obtain their nutrients and energy?

A. Fungi are not photosynthetic; they are heterotrophs. B. They do not ingest their food. C. They obtain nutrients and energy by secreting digestive enzymes onto their food. The food is digested into smaller subunits, which are then absorbed by the fungi.

Mammal

An animal having mammary glands and a body covered with fur.

Invertebrate

An animal lacking a backbone.

Vertebrate

An animal with a bony or cartilaginous backbone.

Arthropod

An invertebrate having a segmented body, a hard exoskeleton, and jointed appendages.

Decomposer

An organism such as a fungus or bacterium that digests and uses the organic molecules in dead organisms as sources of nutrients and energy.

Eukaryote

Any organism of the domain Eukarya, eukaryotic cells are characterized by the presence of membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles.

You and a fisher are both mammals; as such, what are some characteristics you and the fisher have in common?

As mammals, both fishers and humans have backbones, mammary glands, and body hair.

A sand dollar gets its name from its body shape--it resembles a large coin. What type of body symmetry does a sand dollar have? A. Bilateral B. Radial C. None (sand dollars are amorphous) D. Hyphae E. Mycelium

B. Radial

What do all members of the informal group known as protists have in common? A. Nothing B. They are all eukaryotic C. They all carry out photosynthesis D. They are all human parasites E. They are all decomposers

B. They are all eukaryotic

Which of the following meals include fungi as food? A. A bread and blue cheese platter with fruit B. Mushroom risotto C. A and B D. A fruit salad E. Yogurt

C. A and B

What do a backbone and an exoskeleton have in common? A. They are found in closely related groups of animals. B. They are made of the same substance. C. They both help provide support to an animal's body D. They both require an animal to molt in order to be able to grow. E. All of the above

C. They both help provide support to an animal's body

A major difference between a fern and a moss is: A. The presence of seeds B. The presence of flowers C. The presence of cones D. The presence of a vascular system E. The ability to carry out photosynthesis

D. The presence of a vascular system

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true about both cockroaches and lobsters? A. They are invertebrate insects with bilateral symmetry B. They are mollusks with an exoskeleton C. They are arthropods with segmented bodies and no symmetry D. They are arthropods with an exoskeleton. E. They are mollusks with a segmented body.

D. They are arthropods with an exoskeleton

What are the defining features of euakryotes, members of the domain Eukarya?

Eukaryotes are defined by having cells with membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus.

Name 6 Phylums and give an example of each

Sponges - sea sponge Cnidarians - jellyfish Mollusks - clams Annelids - earthworms Arthropods - insects Chordates - dog

Which group of plants was the first to live on land? Why do we find these plants only in particular environments (after all, if they were first, shouldn't they have spread everywhere by now)?

The bryophytes were the first plants to live on land. As they do not have a vascular system to transport water throughout their bodies, they live in damp environments. They do not have adaptations that would enable them to live in other, drier envoronments.

Fern

The first true vascular plants; ferns do not produce seeds.

Radial Symmetry

The pattern exhibited by a body plan that is circular, with no defined left and right sides.

Bilateral Symmetry

The pattern exhibited by a body plan with right and left halves that are mirror images of each other.

How does the physical landscape diversity of Olympic National Park affect biodiversity in the park?

There are a variety of habitats in the park, including freshwater lakes and streams, marine environments at the ocean coastline, glacier-topped mountains, and temperate rain forest. A wide variety of organisms with different adaptations for these different habitats can live in the park.

What do a fisher and a fir tree have in common?

They are both eukaryotic and live in Olympic National Park