Bio Chapter 4 Pearson
1 meter = _____ centimeters.
100
A 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm cell has a surface area that is _____ and a volume that is _____. When this volume is broken into many smaller cells, that are 10 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm, the sum of the surface areas of the smaller cells is _____ than the surface area of the initial cell.
60,000 mm2 ... 1,000,000 mm3 ... larger
Nuclear pore
A protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.
C
The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.
D
_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.
Fimbriae
_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells.
Gap junctions
Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole?
Storing compounds produced by the cell
Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?
The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.
One function of the central vacuole in plant cells is facilitating cell growth: the central vacuole absorbs water and increases in size, expanding the volume and size of the plant cell while doing so. Animal cells, however, do not grow by this method. What is an essential difference between animal and plant cells that could explain how a plant cell can withstand this expansion of the central vacuole?
The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure.
Nucleolus
The round body that sits inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA
Chromosomes
are tightly coiled bundles of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells.
Mitochondria are found in _____.
both plant cells and animal cells
Lysosomes
breaks down macromolecules by using digestive enzymes
Mitochondrion
converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell
The structural framework in a cell is the
cytoskeleton
Which technique allowed scientists to figure out that all cells, and not just muscle cells, contained actin filaments?
electron microscopy
Nucleus
found in both plants and animals
Rough ER
found in both plants and animals
Smooth ER
found in both plants and animals
Lysosomes
found in only animals
Chloroplast
found in only plants
cell wall
found in only plants
What changes would you expect to see in the liver cells of someone suffering from chronic alcoholism?
increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum activity
The plant cell wall
is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils.
The nucleus
is the most prominent membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells, and it houses most of a cell's DNA.
DNA
is the self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms; it is the main constituent of chromosomes and the carrier of genetic information.
The nuclear envelope
is the two-layered membrane that encases the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
RNA
is used in all steps of protein synthesis and carries the genetic information of many viruses.
What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?
mRNA
Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.
metabolically active
The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.
microtubules
When elongated, tube-shaped cells from the lining of the intestine are treated with a certain chemical, the cells sag and become rounded. The internal structures disrupted by this chemical are probably __________.
microtubules
Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?
nucleoid region
Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?
nucleus
Digestive cells produce and secrete many enzymes that break down ingested food. These cells have a large number of ribosomes __________.
on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Flagella and cilia are both composed of tubulin subunits. Despite this similarity, key differences exist between these two structures. For example, ______.
only cilia move as a coordinated team
The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.
plasma membrane
What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?
plasma membrane
In plants, __________ are the cell junctions that allow the free exchange of small molecules that assist in communication. In animal cells, similar cell junctions are known as __________.
plasmodesmata, gap junctions
In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?
ribosomes
One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by
ribosomes
You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____.
secrete a lot of material
Smooth ER
site of lipid synthesis
Nucleus
stores genetic information of the cell
Lysosomes are derived from __________ and function in __________.
the Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum ... digestion of worn-out organelles
Which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials?
tight junctions
Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes
Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?
Mitochondrion.
Ribosomes
works with mRNA to synthesize proteins
Where in a cell is ATP made?
mitochondria
__________ is the most prevalent glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix
Collagen
What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?
They are constructed of interrelated membranes.
The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together.
desomosomes
Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles?
lysosomes
What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?
protection
Of the following organelles, which group is involved in manufacturing the substances needed by the cell?
ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Pancreatic cells produce large amounts of protein. About how many ribosomes would you expect there to be in a pancreatic cell?
several million
Sort each structure or function depending on whether it describes a chloroplast or a mitochondrion.
Chloroplast - organelle of photosynthesis, produces O2 as a waste product, found only in plant cells and some algae, converts solar energy to chemical energy, contains thylakoids
Sort each structure or function depending on whether it describes a chloroplast or a mitochondrion.
Mitochondrion - organelle of cellular respiration, produces CO2 as a waste product, found in both animal cells and plant cells, harvests chemical energy from food
What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?
cell wall
Where are lipids made in the cell?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells.
Central vacuoles; ribosomes
Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?
Golgi apparatus