Bio Chapter 5 Test

Why is it dangerous to drink ocean water?

Because it puts your body cells in a hypertonic solution, which when it reaches your brain cells, it will cause death. (Salt around your cells)

Describe what would happen to the molecules in a drop of ink dropped into a beaker of water. What is this process called?

Would go from an area of greater concentration to lesser concentration until equilibrium is reached. This process is a called diffusion.

Describe the characteristics of: 1) Simple Diffusion 2) Facilitated Diffusion 3) Active Transport

1) S.D.: Molecules move from greater concentration to lesser concentration 2) F.D.: Passive transport with carrier molecules that moves with the concentration gradient. So no energy is used. 3) A.T.: Moving molecules against concentration gradient. This requires energy

Contrast Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Endocytosis is where cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules, & large particles Exocytosis is the opposite: vesticles inside of the cell fuse with the cell membrane relasing their contents outside of the cell.

Distinguish Facilitated Diffusion from active transport

Facilitated Diffusion moves molecules where they want to go (w /concentration gradient) , and active transport moves molecules anywhere. (Against the Concentration gradient)

What is the fundamental difference between carrier proteins that participate in facilitated diffusion and proteins that function as pumps.

Facilitated Diffusion moves with the concentration gradient so no energy is used. Pumps are used to go against the concentration gradient and energy is used.

Describe the meaning of homeostasis

Homeostasis is the process of keeping the stable internal conditions of the cell.

Name 3 Types of Passive Transport, And 3 types of Active Transport

Passive: 1) Diffusion 2) Facilitated Diffusion 3) Osmosis Active: 1) Cell membrane pumps 2) Endocytosis 3) Exocytosis

Describe what happens when sugar solutions in two different concentrations are placed on opposite sides of a semi-permeable membrane in a container

They both move from greater concentration to lesser concentration till they reach equilibrium.

Describe the action of the sodium-potassium pump.

Transports Na+ ions out, K+ ions in.

How do ions cross the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane

ion channels