Bio Chapter 6 Review
Which type of microscope would you use to study (a) the changes in shape of a living white blood cell? (b) the details of surface texture of a hair? a) Light microscope b) Electron microscope
(a) light microscope (b) scanning electron microscope
Resolution is _________________ a) A measure of the clarity of an image b) The difference in brightness between light and dark areas of an image c) The increase in the apparent size of an object
A - A measure of the clarity of an image
What limits cell size (why are cells small)? a) As the volume of a cell increases, its surface area doesn't increase at the same rate. b) As the surface area increases, the volume increases.
A - As the volume of a cell increases, its surface area doesn't increase at the same rate.
Which of the following statements correctly describes a common characteristic of a plant cell wall and an animal cell extracellular matrix? (Concept 6.7) a) Both are permeable to water and small solutes. b) Both contain large amounts of collagen. c) Both are composed primarily of carbohydrates. d) Both are permeable to water and small solutes, and both contain large amounts of collagen. e) Both are permeable to water and small solutes, both contain large amounts of collagen, and both are composed primarily of carbohydrates.
A - Both are permeable to water and small solutes. [Both plant cell walls and the ECM of animal cells allow movement of water and small solutes.]
Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system? a) chloroplast b) plasma membrane c) nuclear envelope d) ER e) Golgi apparatus
A - Chloroplast
Consider a protein that is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. You observe that when the synthesis of the protein is completed, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found? (Concept 6.4) a) Embedded in the plasma membrane, functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell b) In the cytoplasm, functioning as an enzyme in carbohydrate synthesis c) In the internal space of the Golgi apparatus, being modified before the protein is excreted d) In a mitochondrion, functioning in ATP synthesis e) In the aqueous interior of a lysosome, functioning as a digestive enzyme
A - Embedded in the plasma membrane, functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell [This is the only answer in which the protein is a membrane protein.]
Name 3 characteristics of microscopy. a) Magnification, resolution, contrast b) Magnification, transmission, contrast c) Resolution, contrast, scanning d) Contrast, magnification, electron
A - Magnification, resolution, contrast
What is the difference between tight junctions and desmosomes in cells? a) Tight junctions are the plasma membranes of neighboring cells tightly pressed against each other. Desmosomes function like rivets, fastening cells together into strong sheets. b) Desmosomes are the plasma membranes of neighboring cells tightly pressed against each other. Tight junctions function like rivets, fastening cells together into strong sheets.
A - Tight junctions are the plasma membranes of neighboring cells tightly pressed against each other. Desmosomes function like rivets, fastening cells together into strong sheets.
A particular cell has a nucleus and chloroplasts in addition to the fundamental structures required by all cells. Based on this information, this cell could be __________. (Concept 6.2) a) a photosynthetic protist cell or a plant cell b) a cell from the intestinal lining of a cow c) a bacterium d) a yeast (fungus) cell e) a cell from a pine tree
A - a photosynthetic protist cell or a plant cell [Some protists (such as algae) can photosynthesize, and so can plants. As both the protists and plants are eukaryotes, they contain organelles.]
Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the a) mitochondria. b) lysosomes. c) peroxisomes. d) endoplasmic reticulum. e) ribosomes.
A - mitochondria
Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. In a cell exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be in a) mitochondria. b) ribosomes. c) peroxisomes. d) lysosomes.
A - mitochondria
Enzymes responsible for biosynthesis of membrane lipids would be located in what part of the cell? a) smooth endoplasmic reticulum. b) nucleus. c) lysosomes. d) Golgi.
A - smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Plasmodesmata in plants are most similar to which intercellular junction in animals? a) Desmosomes b) ECM - extracellular matrix c) Filaments d) Microtubleles
B - ECM - extracellular matrix
Which structure is part of the endomembrane system? a) mitochondrion b) Golgi apparatus c) chloroplast d) centrosome
B - Golgi Apparatus
Microtubules and microfilaments commonly work with which of the following to perform many of their functions? (Concept 6.6) a) RNA b) Golgi apparatus c) Lysosomes d) Ribosomes e) None of the listed responses is correct.
B - Golgi apparatus [Microtubules guide vesicles from the ER to the Golgi and from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.]
Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic but not prokaryotic cells? (Concept 6.2) a) Plasma membrane b) Mitochondria c) Ribosomes d) DNA e) Cytosol
B - Mitochondria [Only eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria.]
According to the endosymbiont theory, which of the following organelles were once endosymbiotic prokaryotic organisms? a) Mitochondria and lysosomes b) Mitochondria and chloroplasts c) Chloroplasts and Golgi apparatus d) Golgi apparatus and ribosomes e) Ribosomes and lysosomes
B - Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________. (Concept 6.7) a) a microtubule b) plasmodesmata c) a tight junction d) a cell wall e) a gap junction
B - Plasmodesmata [The cell walls of plant cells contain numerous channels, with strands of cytoplasm passing through them and connecting one cell's cytoplasm to that of an adjacent cell.]
Contrast is _________________ a) A measure of the clarity of an image b) The difference in brightness between light and dark areas of an image c) The increase in the apparent size of an object
B - The difference in brightness between light and dark areas of an image
Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why? (Concept 6.7) a) The intestinal cells are bound together by the extracellular matrix. b) The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions. c) The intestinal cells are fused together into one giant cell. d) The intestinal cells are bound together by plasmodesmata. e) The intestinal cells are bound together by gap junctions.
B - The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions. [ The membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused at a tight junction, forming a seal that prevents the leakage of extracellular fluid across the layer of epithelial cells.]
A protein synthesized in the rough ER may be directed to a) peroxisomes. b) lysosomes. c) mitochondria. d) all of the above
B - lysosomes
Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes? a) muscle cell b) phagocytic white blood cell c) bacterial cell d) nerve cell e) leaf cell of a plant
B - phagocytic white blood cell
Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? a) mitochondrion b) ribosome c) nuclear envelope d) chloroplast
B - ribosome
Which intercellular junction in animals is most similar to plasmodesmata in plants? a) Desmosomes b) Gap junctions c) Tight junctions d) Anchoring junctions
B- Gap junctions
The surfaces of cells have some important structural features. Match each of the cell surface characteristics or structures with its description. [Tight Junctions; Plasmodesmata; Desmosomes (Anchoring Junctions); Cell Wall; Gap Junctions; Extracellular Matrix] Connects cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells
B. Plasmodesmata
Why is the lysosome called the "Cell Stomach"? a) It breaks down particles that are no longer needed in the cell or taken up into the cell to be digested. They break down the cell components that are overused or worn out. b) Collectively, they are the cell's stomach, which breaks down molecules of food that have been partially digested in the body's stomach c) Both A and B
Both A and B
Name an advantage of the light microscope over the electron microscope. a) Uses electron rays to see specimen b) Magnifies specimens up to 100 times the actual size c) Ability to observe living cells
C - Ability to observe living cells
Describe the endosymbiont theory. a) An early ancestor of eukaryotic cells (a host cell) engulfed an oxygen-using nonphotosynthetic prokaryotic cell. Eventually, the engulfed cell formed a relationship with the host cell in which it was enclosed, becoming an endosymbiont (a cell living within another cell). The host cell and its endosymbiont merged into a single organism, a eukaryotic cell with the endosymbiont having become a mitochondrion. b) Mitochondria and chloroplasts were formerly small prokaryotes (bacteria) that began living within larger cells. c) Both A and B
C - Both A and B
Which of the following is false in respect to eukaryotic chromosomes? (Concept 6.3) a) All eukaryotic cells possess one or more chromosomes. b) Chromosomes are present throughout a cell's reproductive cycle. c) Chromosomes appear in an obvious form only as a cell is about to divide. d) Chromosomes are present even when cells are not actively synthesizing proteins. e) None of the listed responses is false.
C - Chromosomes appear in an obvious form only as a cell is about to divide. [ This is false. Although chromosomes become more compact as a cell prepares to divide, they are always present in the cell.]
A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually found in a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the __________. (Concept 6.4) a) smooth endoplasmic reticulum b) transport vesicles c) Golgi apparatus d) plasma membrane e) rough endoplasmic reticulum
C - Golgi apparatus [Vesicles carrying proteins from the rough ER fuse with the Golgi apparatus, where the proteins may be altered.]
1) Which structure-function pair is mismatched? a) Golgi; protein trafficking b) ribosome; protein synthesis c) microtubule; muscle contraction d) lysosome; intracellular digestion e) nucleolus; production of ribosomal subunits
C - Microtubule; muscle contraction
Which of the following organelles might be found inside other organelles? (Concept 6.5) a) Transport vesicles b) Mitochondria c) Ribosomes d) The nucleolus e) No organelles are found inside other organelles.
C - Ribosomes [Ribosomes are nonmembranous organelles that are found in the cytoplasm but also in mitochondria and chloroplasts.]
What is the path of a secretory protein? a) Ribosomes --> RER --> Golgi --> vesicles b) Ribosomes --> RER c) Ribosomes --> RER --> Golgi --> vesicles --> secretion at plasma membrane
C - Ribosomes --> RER --> Golgi --> vesicles --> secretion at plasma membrane
Magnification is _________________ a) A measure of the clarity of an image b) The difference in brightness between light and dark areas of an image c) The increase in the apparent size of an object
C - The increase in the apparent size of an object
A dish of animal cells was grown in the presence of radioactive phosphorous. The phosphorous largely ended up in nucleotides inside the actively growing animal cells. In which cellular structure or structures would you predict the majority of the radioactive phosphorous to accumulate? (Concept 6.3) a) The Golgi apparatus b) Rough endoplasmic reticulum c) The nucleus d) Rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus e) The Golgi apparatus and the nucleus
C - The nucleus [Large numbers of nucleotides would be used to make new DNA as the cells grew, and the DNA is housed in the nucleus.]
Consider two cells with the same volume but with very different surface areas due to differences in their shapes. The cell with the larger surface area is likely to __________. (Concept 6.2) a) have a very high metabolic rate b) be buried deep in the interior of an organism c) be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment d) be nearly spherical in shape e) be a prokaryotic cell
C - be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment [The high surface area is likely to be associated with high transport rates of compounds across the plasma membrane. The greater the surface area, the greater the potential for transport.]
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to be of prokaryotic origin. One piece of evidence that supports this hypothesis is that these organelles contain prokaryotic-like ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found __________. (Concept 6.5) a) on the rough ER b) free in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes c) in bacterial cells d) free in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes and on the rough ER e) free in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes, on the rough ER, and in bacterial cells
C - in bacterial cells [Like the ribosomes in bacteria, the ribosomes in the mitochondria are smaller than those found free in the cytoplasm or bound to endoplasmic reticulum in the eukaryotes.]
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? a) centriole b) central vacuole c) mitochondrion d) chloroplast e) wall made of cellulose
C - mitochondrion
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? a) chloroplast b) central vacuole c) mitochondrion d) centriole
C - mitochondrion
Which of the following is the simplest collection of matter that can live? (Concept 6.0) a) Organ b) Tissue c) Molecules d) Cell e) None of the listed responses is correct.
Cell [Yes. By definition, a cell is the smallest and simplest unit of life, one that can conduct its daily work and reproduce itself.]
The surfaces of cells have some important structural features. Match each of the cell surface characteristics or structures with its description. [Tight Junctions; Plasmodesmata; Desmosomes (Anchoring Junctions); Cell Wall; Gap Junctions; Extracellular Matrix] Rigid covering of a plant cell.
Cell Wall
Which of the following statements is true about cell fractionation? (Concept 6.1) a) Cell fractionation requires the use of a scanning electron microscope. b) Cell fractionation is no longer used in modern cell biology. c) Cell fractionation uses strong acids to break apart cells. d) Cell fractionation separates cells into their component parts. e) None of the listed responses is correct.
Cell fractionation separates cells into their component parts. [The organelles are usually separated by centrifugation.]
For this structure/function, what is the cell structure(central vacuole, choloroplast,ribosome, flagella, cytoplasm, nucleus, lysosome, plasma membrane, cilia, mitochondria, golgi, microtubules, smooth ER, Rough ER, Peroxisomes)? May store water, needed chemicals and wastes in plant cells
Central vacuole
For this structure/function, what is the cell structure(central vacuole, choloroplast,ribosome, flagella, cytoplasm, nucleus, lysosome, plasma membrane, cilia, mitochondria, golgi, microtubules, smooth ER, Rough ER, Peroxisomes)? The "sugar factory" in plant cells that contains chlorophyll
Chloroplast
For this structure/function, what is the cell structure(central vacuole, choloroplast,ribosome, flagella, cytoplasm, nucleus, lysosome, plasma membrane, cilia, mitochondria, golgi, microtubules, smooth ER, Rough ER, Peroxisomes)? Small hair-like structures used for movement.
Cilia
For this structure/function, what is the cell structure(central vacuole, choloroplast,ribosome, flagella, cytoplasm, nucleus, lysosome, plasma membrane, cilia, mitochondria, golgi, microtubules, smooth ER, Rough ER, Peroxisomes)? The region of the cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
Cytoplasm
Name 3 roles of microfilaments in the cell that involve movement. a) Muscle contraction b) Cytoplasmic streaming (plant cells) c) Cell motility & Cell division (animal cells) d) All of the above
D - All of the above
Which of the following is/are likely to limit the maximum size of a cell? (Concept 6.2) a) The cell's surface-to-volume ratio b) The time it takes a molecule to diffuse across a cell c) The shape of the cell d) All of the choices are correct. e) None of the choices is correct.
D - All of the choices are correct.
Name 2 roles of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)? a) Aids in synthesis of secretory and other proteins on bound ribosomes b) Adds carbohydrates to proteins to make glycoproteins c) Produces new membranes d) Any of the above
D - Any of the above
Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components? (Concept 6.6) a) Golgi apparatus b) Nucleus c) The central vacuole d) Cilia e) Mitochondria
D - Cilia [The microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagellum is anchored in the cell by a basal body.]
Which of the following is false? (Concept 6.5) a) The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane are called cristae. b) Mitochondria possess their own DNA. c) Mitochondria have more than one membrane. d) Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space. e) Mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism.
D - Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space. [The ribosomes in the mitochondria are found in the matrix of the mitochondria, not in the intermembrane space.]
Which cellular structure is common to all 3 domains of life? a) Nucleus b) Endoplasmic reticulum c) Cell Wall d) Phospholipid bilayer cell membrane
D - Phospholipid bilayer cell membrane
Which cellular structure is common to all 3 domains of life? a) Nucleus b) Endoplasmic reticulum c) Mitochondria d) Phospholipid bilayer cell membrane
D - Phospholipid bilayer cell membrane
Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? a) nuclear envelope b) chloroplast c) mitochondrion d) ribosome e) ER
D - Ribosome
Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell? (Concept 6.4) a) Vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, vacuole c) Lysosome, vacuole, ribosome d) Ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum e) Rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, vacuole
D - Ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum [Each of these structures is capable of synthesizing molecules needed by cells.]
Which of the following features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common? (Concept 6.2) a) Mitochondria, ribosomes, and cytoplasm b) Mitochondria, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane c) Ribosomes, nucleus, and plasma membrane d) Ribosomes, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm e) Nucleus, plasma membrane, and ribosomes
D - Ribosomes, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm [All of these parts are found in all living cells, since those cells all need to make proteins (ribosomes), separate from the environment (plasma membrane), and conduct metabolism (cytoplasm).]
What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane? (Concept 6.3) a) Membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum is produced in the nucleolus and leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores. b) The nuclear pores are connections between the nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum that permit ribosomes to assemble on the surface of the ER. c) The nucleolus contains messenger RNA (mRNA), which crosses the nuclear envelope through the nuclear pores. d) Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores. e) None of the listed responses is correct.
D - Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores. [Proteins and ribosomal RNA are assembled into ribosomal subunits in the nucleolus.]
A drug that prevents actin from doing its job would interfere with what cellular function? a) acting as a track for organelle movement b) movement of cilia or flagella c) separating chromosomes during cell division d) formation of the cleavage furrow during cell division
D - formation of the cleavage furrow during cell division
Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes? a) muscle cell b) nerve cell c) bacterial cell d) phagocytic white blood cell
D - phagocytic white blood cell
You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to __________. (Concept 6.4) a) absorb nutrients in the GI tract b) store large quantities of ions c) make large amounts of ATP d) secrete large amounts of protein e) move rapidly
D - secrete large amounts of protein [The Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts the lipids and proteins produced in the ER. Cells that secrete large amounts of material require an extensive Golgi apparatus.]
A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________. (Concept 6.2) a) a ribosome b) the endomembrane system c) a microtubule d) the plasma membrane e) the nucleus
D - the plasma membrane [The plasma membrane defines the boundary between the cytoplasm and the outside of the cell.]
The surfaces of cells have some important structural features. Match each of the cell surface characteristics or structures with its description. [Tight Junctions; Plasmodesmata; Desmosomes (Anchoring Junctions); Cell Wall; Gap Junctions; Extracellular Matrix] Function like rivets fastening cells together into strong sheets.
Desmosomes (Anchoring Junctions)
Which organelles are involved in energy transformation? a) Mitochondria b) Chloroplasts c) Protein d) Peroxisomes e) A and B
E - A and B
Name 3 roles of microtubules in the cell that involve movement. a) Cell motility b) Chromosome movements in cell division c) Organelle movements d) Microfilaments e) A, B, and C
E - A, B, and C
Which of the following supports the argument for the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic endosymbionts? a) Mitochondria and chloroplasts have double membranes. b) Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own ribosomes. c) Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA. d) The mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes are circular. e) All of the above support the endosymbiotic theory.
E - All of the above support the endosymbiotic theory.
Name 3 roles of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)? a) Synthesis of lipids b) Metabolism of carbohydrates c) Storage of calcium ions d) Detoxification of drugs and poisons e) Any of the above
E - Any of the above
Which of the following structures is found in animal cells but not in plant cells? (Concept 6.6) a) Mitochondria b) Golgi apparatus c) Plasma membrane d) Rough endoplasmic reticulum e) Centrioles
E - Centrioles [Although plant cells have a microtubule organizing center, they lack a pair of centrioles.]
Which of the following statements about chloroplasts and mitochondria is true? (Concept 6.5) a) Mitochondria, but not chloroplasts, contain a small amount of DNA. b) Chloroplasts and mitochondria have three sets of membranes. c) Chloroplasts and mitochondria are components of the endomembrane system. d) Chloroplasts, but not mitochondria, are completely independent of the cell of which they are a part. e) Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins.
E - Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins. [Chloroplasts and mitochondria can synthesize some of their own proteins because they contain DNA and ribosomes.]
Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true? (Concept 6.6) a) Intermediate filaments are hollow tubes of protein that provide structural support. b) Microfilaments are more permanent structures in cells compared to intermediate filaments and microtubules. c) Microtubules are chains of proteins that resist stretching. d) Plant cells lack a cytoskeleton because they have a rigid cell wall. e) Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.
E - Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm. [The interaction of motor proteins with the cytoskeleton is responsible for the movement of organelles in cells.]
What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell? a) ER → lysosomes → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane b) nucleus → ER → Golgi c) Golgi → ER → lysosome d) ER → Golgi → nucleus e) ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
E - ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? (Concept 6.2) a) Eukaryotic cells are much more successful than prokaryotic cells. b) Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells. c) Eukaryotic cells lack many of the organelles found in prokaryotes. d) Eukaryotic cells can synthesize proteins, but prokaryotic cells cannot. e) Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.
E - Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization. [The presence of membrane-bounded organelles in eukaryotes permits cellular functions to occur in specialized, isolated compartments.]
Which of the following sequences represents the order in which a protein made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum might move through the endomembrane system? (Concept 6.4) a) Golgi apparatus → mitochondria b) Lysosome → plasma membrane c) Plasma membrane → nuclear envelope d) Nuclear envelope → lysosome e) Golgi apparatus → lysosome
E - Golgi apparatus → lysosome [Proteins of the endomembrane system are synthesized in the rough ER, modified and sorted in the Golgi, and then transported to other organelles of the endomembrane system such as vacuoles.
Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? (Concept 6.4) a) Breakdown of complex foods b) Information storage c) Energy processing d) Structural support of cells e) Manufacturing
E - Manufacturing [The rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the manufacture of proteins for the endomembrane system.]
Which of the following five membranes is most likely to have a lipid composition that is distinct from those of the other four? (Concept 6.5) a) Golgi apparatus b) Lysosome membrane c) Endoplasmic reticulum d) Plasma membrane e) Mitochondrial outer membrane
E - Mitochondrial outer membrane [The mitochondria are not part of the endomembrane system and must synthesize their own lipids.]
Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following? (Concept 6.6) a) Pseudopodia b) Actin c) Mitochondria d) Tubulin e) Motor proteins
E - Motor proteins [Motor proteins, such as dynein, use energy to move parts of the cytoskeleton.]
Which type of cell is most likely to have the largest number of mitochondria? (Concept 6.5) a) Nondividing cells in the skin on your finger b) Bacterial cells that are growing on sugars c) Inactive yeast cells that are stored for future use d) Photosynthetic cells in the leaves of a tree e) Muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner
E - Muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner [Cellular respiration releases energy that cells need in order to carry out their functions. Active muscle cells need large amounts of energy.]
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they __________. (Concept 6.2) a) have no ribosomes b) lack chromosomes c) lack a plasma membrane d) have a smaller nucleus e) have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm
E - have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm [Prokaryotic cells have no membrane-bounded organelles.]
A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________. (Concept 6.4) a) in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum b) in the ribosomes of the mitochondria c) on free cytoplasmic ribosomes d) in the plasma membrane e) in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
E - in the rough endoplasmic reticulum [All of the membrane proteins of the endomembrane systems are made in the rough ER.]
The surfaces of cells have some important structural features. Match each of the cell surface characteristics or structures with its description. [Tight Junctions; Plasmodesmata; Desmosomes (Anchoring Junctions); Cell Wall; Gap Junctions; Extracellular Matrix] Sticky layer made mostly of collagen that holds animal cells together.
Extracellular Matrix
For this structure/function, what is the cell structure(central vacuole, choloroplast,ribosome, flagella, cytoplasm, nucleus, lysosome, plasma membrane, cilia, mitochondria, golgi, microtubules, smooth ER, Rough ER, Peroxisomes)? Long whip-like structures used for movement
Flagella
The surfaces of cells have some important structural features. Match each of the cell surface characteristics or structures with its description. [Tight Junctions; Plasmodesmata; Desmosomes (Anchoring Junctions); Cell Wall; Gap Junctions; Extracellular Matrix] Channels between animal cells
Gap Junctions
For this structure/function, what is the cell structure(central vacuole, choloroplast,ribosome, flagella, cytoplasm, nucleus, lysosome, plasma membrane, cilia, mitochondria, golgi, microtubules, smooth ER, Rough ER, Peroxisomes)? "Ships" products to plasma membrane for export outside the cell
Golgi
A researcher wants to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Which type of microscope should she choose, and why is it the best choice? (Concept 6.1) a) Transmission electron microscope because of its high resolving power b) Light microscope because the specimen is alive c) Transmission electron microscope because of its high magnifying power d) Light microscope because of its high resolving power e) Scanning electron microscope because of its ability to visualize the surface of subcellular objects
Light microscope because the specimen is alive [Although the resolution of the light microscope is far less than that of electron microscopes, light microscopy is the only technique that permits one to observe living cells.]
For this structure/function, what is the cell structure(central vacuole, choloroplast,ribosome, flagella, cytoplasm, nucleus, lysosome, plasma membrane, cilia, mitochondria, golgi, microtubules, smooth ER, Rough ER, Peroxisomes)? Sac of digestive enzymes
Lysosome
For this structure/function, what is the cell structure(central vacuole, choloroplast,ribosome, flagella, cytoplasm, nucleus, lysosome, plasma membrane, cilia, mitochondria, golgi, microtubules, smooth ER, Rough ER, Peroxisomes)? Consists of hollow tubes which provide support for the cell
Microtubules
For this structure/function, what is the cell structure(central vacuole, choloroplast,ribosome, flagella, cytoplasm, nucleus, lysosome, plasma membrane, cilia, mitochondria, golgi, microtubules, smooth ER, Rough ER, Peroxisomes)? Produces a usable form of energy (ATP) for the cell
Mitochondria
For this structure/function, what is the cell structure(central vacuole, choloroplast,ribosome, flagella, cytoplasm, nucleus, lysosome, plasma membrane, cilia, mitochondria, golgi, microtubules, smooth ER, Rough ER, Peroxisomes)? Cell control center
Nucleus
For this structure/function, what is the cell structure(central vacuole, choloroplast,ribosome, flagella, cytoplasm, nucleus, lysosome, plasma membrane, cilia, mitochondria, golgi, microtubules, smooth ER, Rough ER, Peroxisomes)? Breaks down drugs and toxin in liver
Peroxisomes
For this structure/function, what is the cell structure(central vacuole, choloroplast,ribosome, flagella, cytoplasm, nucleus, lysosome, plasma membrane, cilia, mitochondria, golgi, microtubules, smooth ER, Rough ER, Peroxisomes)? Boundary between the cell and its surroundings
Plasma membrane
For this structure/function, what is the cell structure(central vacuole, choloroplast,ribosome, flagella, cytoplasm, nucleus, lysosome, plasma membrane, cilia, mitochondria, golgi, microtubules, smooth ER, Rough ER, Peroxisomes)? Small structure that makes protein
Ribosome
For this structure/function, what is the cell structure(central vacuole, choloroplast,ribosome, flagella, cytoplasm, nucleus, lysosome, plasma membrane, cilia, mitochondria, golgi, microtubules, smooth ER, Rough ER, Peroxisomes)? Numerous ribosomes give it its name
Rough ER
For this structure/function, what is the cell structure(central vacuole, choloroplast,ribosome, flagella, cytoplasm, nucleus, lysosome, plasma membrane, cilia, mitochondria, golgi, microtubules, smooth ER, Rough ER, Peroxisomes)? Lipids manufactured here
Smooth ER
The surfaces of cells have some important structural features. Match each of the cell surface characteristics or structures with its description. [Tight Junctions; Plasmodesmata; Desmosomes (Anchoring Junctions); Cell Wall; Gap Junctions; Extracellular Matrix] Link Link animal cells in a leak-proof layer
Tight Junctions
