Bio EOC

cell theory

- all living things are made of cells. - all cells come from other preexisting cells. - cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.

using a microscope in the science lab, Jill observed two unknown cells: Cell 1 and Cell 2. Cell 1 identified as a plant cell and Cell 2 as an animal cell. Her teacher told her she identified the cells correctly. What did Jill most likely observe to correctly identify the cells?

Cell 1 had a cell wall and Cell 2 did not

water has much higher specific heat than most other covalent compounds. What do you predict might happen if water has a low specific heat instead?

Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die

a specific type of cell is being studied by a scientist. She notices the cell contains a nucleus, lysosomes, a cell membrane and cell wall. What is the correct classification of this cell?

a eukaryotic plant cell

which type of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus?

both plant and animal cells

- forms boundary between a cell and the outside environment. - controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell. - consists of double layer of phospholipids. what structure of the cell is described?

cell membrane

when streptococcus pneumoniae are exposed to an antibiotic, the bacteria try to pump the antibiotic out of their cells. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely used by the streptococcus pneumoniae to pump the antibiotic out of their cells?

diffusion

which of the following contain complex, membrane-bound organelles? - bacteria - viruses - eukaryotic - prokaryotic

eukaryotic

in an emergency trauma room, a doctor accidentally gives a patient a large transfusion of distilled water directly into one of his veins instead of blood. Predict what might happen if distilled water was given to the patient instead of blood.

have serious, perhaps fatal effects because the red blood cells would tend to burst

carrot sticks that are left in a dish of freshwater for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar sticks left in a saltwater solution become limp and soft. from this we can deduce that the freshwater is ________________ and the saltwater is _________________ to the cells of the carrot.

hypotonic, hypertonic

the rough endoplasmic reticulum is a cell structure that contains of folded membranes that contains ribosomes. What is the advantage of the folded membranes?

increase surface area in order to produce more proteins

in pure water, a red blood cell from an animal will swell and burst, but a leaf cell from a plant will not. which structure in the leaf cell is responsible for this difference?

mitochondria

which of the following functions does active transport perform in a cell

moving substances against a concentration gradient

which structure is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

ribosome

which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?

ribosome - protein synthesis

the cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called:

semi-permeable

cells found in plants and animals have similarities but can differ in function. consider the following two organisms: a corn plant cell (Zea mays) and a camel cell (Bactrianus ferus). what is the best explanation for the difference in the cellular vacuole size between these two biotic organisms?

the camel cells' have a small vacuole size because it does not need long term water and electrolyte storage

what is the advantage of cells being so small?

the cell then has a larger surface area to volume ratio which means it can move nutrients into the cell and waste out more efficiently.

if a cell's lysosomes were damaged, which of the following would most likely occur?

the cell would produce more proteins than it needs

small insects can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, somewhat like a person walking across a trampoline, but they do not break the surface. what is the best explanation for why this happened?

the insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together

which invention from the 17th century allowed for the development of modern cell theory?

the light microscope

muscle cells are responsible for obtaining energy so the body can perform voluntary and involuntary movement. Using your knowledge about organelles and muscles, how would a muscle differ form other types of animal cells?

the muscle cell would have more mitochondria than the other types of animal cells.

a beaker is divided into two halves, A & B, by a membrane that is freely permeable to the water and NaCI but not to protein. Side A is half-filled with a solution of 8% protein, while side B is half filled with a 2% protein solution. Predict what would happen to side A after a few hours.

the number of water has increased

cells can be classified into two different categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Which of the following information is needed in order to determine if an organism is prokaryotic?

the organism's internal structures

a person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. what has occurred?

the water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.

which characteristics do most plants have in common?

they are autotrophic

a plant and an animal are both living things. according to the cell theory, what can you conclude about these two very different organisms?

they are both made of one or more cells