BIO Exam 1

Which of the following diseases does not currently has a 0% mortality in the United States? HIV Aids Smallpox Polio Pertussis (whooping cough)

AIDS

Nitrogen has seven protons, seven neutrons, and seven electrons. What is the atomic mass of nitrogen? a.14b.0c.7d.21

14

How many different amino acids are used to build proteins? a.4b.20c.90d.19

20

Astronauts returning from outer space studied samples taken from their lunar landing. They found that one of their samples was coated with organic compounds. Which of the following statements must be correct about their samples? a.The specimen must lack water, pesticides, and added hormones.b.The samples must lack water, but contain DNA.c.The samples must contain carbon atoms.d.The compounds must be covered with ammonia (NH3) and water vapor.

. The compounds must be covered with ammonia (NH3) and water vapor. XX

Which of the following is likely to participate in ionic bonding? a.Li+b.H2Oc.C6H12O6d.He

C6H12O6 XX

Which of the following statements is true of proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids? a.All of these molecules are primarily used as energy-storage molecules.b.None of these macromolecules mixes well with water.c.Each of these molecules is built from a common set of monomers.d.All three are used to store genetic information.

Each of these molecules is built from a common set of monomers

Which of the following is likely to participate in ionic bonding? a.Heb.H2Oc.Li+d.C6H12O6

H2O XX

A scientist notices that a population of birds has decreased dramatically within one year and suspects that a newly introduced snail population may be affecting the bird population. Some individuals within the bird population eat snails, primarily, while other individuals avoid eating snails. Which of the following statements represents a prediction based on a well-constructed hypothesis for this observation? a.If snails that are sick leave their shells so that birds will consume them, then snail populations are protected from illness.b.If birds consume snails, then they will have a higher body mass index than birds that do not eat snails.c.If snails live in moist habitats, then snails will be eaten more frequently by birds.d.If birds are affected by eating snails, then there will be a difference in the survival rate of birds that eat snails and those that avoid snails.

If birds are affected by eating snails, then there will be a difference in the survival rate of birds that eat snails and those that avoid snails.

A scientific hypothesis must be constructed with which of the following characteristics? a.It provides a reasonable explanation to a question and is consistent with current observations; it must also be testable and falsifiable.b.It does not require testing by experimentation or additional observations. It is not falsifiable.c.It is always provable and clearly states what is already known to be fact.d.It provides an explanation consistent with accepted theological ideas and does not need to be tested.

It provides a reasonable explanation to a question and is consistent with current observations; it must also be testable and falsifiable.

A patient is coughing and producing a wheezing sound as she breathes; she also has a fever. She goes to the doctor who listens to her chest, takes X-rays of her chest, and determines that she probably has something called croup. Which of the following are the facts in this scenario? a.The patient probably has croup.b.The patient is coughing, wheezing, and has a fever.c.The patient probably needs antibiotics.d.The patient probably has whooping cough.

The patient is coughing, wheezing, and has a fever

We use soap to clean ourselves better than we could with water alone. Soaps contain phospholipids that are responsible for the cleansing action. Which of the following statements is the MOST likely explanation for how soaps work? a.Phospholipids are ions and therefore mix with both the water and oily dirt.b.The phospholipid tail attaches to the oily dirt while the phospholipid head interacts with the rinse water and carries the dirt (and soap) away with it.c.Phospholipids are completely hydrophilic, and therefore oily dirt takes the place of the phospholipid molecules that would be dissolved in the rinse.d.The nonpolar fatty acid chains that make up the heads of the phospholipid are hydrophilic, and thus are repelled by the water.

The phospholipid tail attaches to the oily dirt while the phospholipid head interacts with the rinse water and carries the dirt (and soap) away with it

An vaccination with an attenuated disease causing organism will result in the development of immunity corresponding antibodierds frank disease presence a and b

a and b

Which of the labeled areas of the water molecule pictured below possesses a partial negative charge? a.A onlyb.B onlyc.C onlyd.A and C

a and c XX

Researchers hypothesized that a North American fungus not only caused symptoms of white-nose syndrome (WNS) but also caused death. The results from their experiment are shown in the graph below. Based on this graph, which of the following hypotheses would be the MOST logical hypothesis for further studies? a.Bats injected with the North American fungus are less likely to care for their offspring than "sham injected" bats.b.Other species of bats injected with European fungus will experience death.c."Sham injected" bats have a higher mortality rate than bats that are not injected.d.Bats injected with European fungus have a lower mortality rate than "sham injected" bats.

a.Bats injected with the North American fungus are less likely to care for their offspring than "sham injected" bats XX

Victoria, who is 10 years old, wants to be a zoologist when she grows up because she loves animals. So, she decided to begin her training by "doing something scientific." Specifically, she weighed and measured the lengths of all the earthworms she could find in her yard and recorded the data in a notebook. She then made a graph showing the maximum, minimum, and average weights and heights of the earthworms. Was she doing something scientific? a.No, because she had no hypothesis to direct her data collection or interpretation.b.Yes, because scientists always construct graphs with the data they collect.c.No, because she is too young to think like a scientist.d.Yes, because scientists always make measurements.

a.No, because she had no hypothesis to direct her data collection or interpretation

Antibodies are an important class of human proteins that function in immune defense. If scientists fragmented antibodies under laboratory conditions, what chemical building blocks would they recover? a.amino acidsb.monosaccharidesc.phospholipidsd.nitrogenous bases

a.amino acids

Nucleotides a.are the building blocks of nucleic acids.b.form physical structures such as hair.c.are the building blocks of proteins.d.are involved in every chemical reaction in the cell.

a.are the building blocks of nucleic acids

Recently, beekeepers have noticed an alarming and sudden disappearance of honeybees from their hives. Some beekeepers and environmentalists worry that crops genetically engineered to produce Bt insecticidal toxin may be killing the bees. Which of these experiments tests the hypothesis that Bt toxin is killing the bees? a.collecting hundreds of bees; half of the bees would be kept in a facility with plants genetically engineered to contain the gene for Bt toxin, while the other half would be kept in a facility with plants not genetically engineered to contain the gene for Bt toxin. The survival rate for both sets of bees would be calculated and compared.b.The number of bees in two adjacent fields would be counted before and after spraying one of the fields with Bt toxin. The survival rate of bees in both fields would be calculated and compared.c.collecting hundreds of bees and spraying only half of them with Bt toxin; the survival rate for both sets of bees would be calculated and comparedd.spraying Bt toxin on a field and counting the number of bees present before and after spraying

a.collecting hundreds of bees; half of the bees would be kept in a facility with plants genetically engineered to contain the gene for Bt toxin, while the other half would be kept in a facility with plants not genetically engineered to contain the gene for Bt toxin. The survival rate for both sets of bees would be calculated and compared.

Monomers that can be commonly made from components in Earth's atmosphere are a.amino acids.b.monosaccharides.c.nucleotides.d.triglycerides.

amino acids

In order fo a vaccine to be effective it must stimulate the product ion of antibodies mRNA leucocytes erytherocytes

antibodies

The chemical reaction that represents photosynthesis is 6 H 2O + 6 CO 2 → C 6H 12O 6 + 6 O 2. What are the reactants? a.C6H12O6 and CO2b.H2O and CO2c.C6H12O6 and CO2d.H2O and O2

b.H2O and CO2 XX

When ammonia (NH 3) is dissolved in a solution, it accepts hydrogen ions from its surroundings. Ammonia is therefore a(n) a.base.b.acid.c.salt.d.isotope.

base

An acid is a polar substance that dissolves in water and a.donates hydrogen ions to the solution.b.leaves behind an OH− ion.c.accepts hydrogen ions from the solution.d.becomes nonpolar.

becomes non polar XX

Which term best describes the temperate deciduous forests that cover the northeastern United States, including the Adirondack Mountains? a.ecosystemb.communityc.biosphered.biome

biome

Which of the images shown below illustrates both hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds?

c XX

Scientific understanding can always be challenged, and even changed, with new ways of observing and with different interpretations. For example, new tools and techniques have resulted in new observations and the discovery of additional information. This has resulted in revised ways of understanding how molecules are moved across the plasma membrane of cells. Hence, there is no certainty in science, only degrees of probability (likelihood) and potential for change. In light of this understanding, which of the following statements is MOST meaningful? a.Scientific knowledge is absolute knowledge.b.Scientific knowledge is a rigid collection of invariable facts.c.Scientific knowledge is based on current knowledge.d.Scientific knowledge is a static and unchanging collection of facts.

c.Scientific knowledge is based on current knowledge.

Which of the following is correct about hydrogen bonds? a.They do not involve binding with a hydrogen atom.b.They form between neighboring oxygen atoms.c.They form due to partial positive and partial negative charges on atoms.d.Individually, hydrogen bonds are very strong.

c.They form due to partial positive and partial negative charges on atoms

When sodium chloride (Na +Cl −) is dissolved in water, the sodium ion is a.attracted to other sodium ions that are being dissolved.b.attracted to the hydrogen atoms of water molecules.c.attracted to the oxygen atoms of water molecules.d.repelled by the oxygen atoms of water molecules.

c.attracted to the oxygen atoms of water molecules.

A solution with a pH of 4 is ________ acidic than a solution with a pH of 5. The solution with the pH of 4 has a ________ concentration of hydrogen ions than the solution with a pH of 5. a.less; lowerb.less; higherc.more; lowerd.more; higher

c.more; higher

Ice floats on water because a.when ice forms, the hydrogen bond in the water molecule becomes nonpolar; ice behaves like oil.b.the crystal structure of ice is more regular than that seen in liquid water.c.the distance between water molecules in ice is greater than in liquid water.d.the cool temperature of ice reduces the extent of molecular motion relative to liquid water.

c.the distance between water molecules in ice is greater than in liquid water

Land biomes are most commonly defined by a.the dominant plant life that influences the dominant animal life in them.b.their climate and physical characteristics that influence the dominant plant life and, subsequently, animal life in them.c.their climate, physical characteristics, and dominant animal life.d.only the dominant plant life in them.

c.their climate, physical characteristics, and dominant animal life. XX

The central element found in organic molecules is a.sodium.b.silicon.c.calcium.d.carbon.

carbon

The finding of a correlation that reliably predicts the outcome relationship between to phenomena would tend to confirm the presence of constancy causation concordance confluence

causation

A small, potentially living object was found. For this object to be considered alive, the object must a.contain one or more cells.b.be found with offspring.c.be composed of tissues.d.have evolved from a known life-form.

contain one or more cells

David Blehert and his research team captured 117 healthy bats to study in the laboratory and divided them into four groups. Group 1 was housed in an area free from Geomyces destructans. Group 2 was housed in an area that shared the same air as bats infected with WNS, but these bats did not have direct contact with the infected bats. Group 3 was housed in direct contact with other bats infected with WNS. Bats in group 4 were directly exposed to Geomyces destructans when researchers applied it to the bats' wings. During the study period the bats were monitored for signs of WNS. What is the specific hypothesis being tested by the inclusion of group 4 in this experiment? a.Geomyces destructans causes WNS, and it can be transmitted by direct contact with the fungus; no contact with infected bats is needed for transmission of the fungus.b.Geomyces destructans causes WNS, and it can be transmitted through the air.c.Group 4 is the control.d.Geomyces destructans causes WNS, and it is only transmitted by direct contact with other infected bats.

control group. XX

Carbon atoms are bound to each other by ________ bonds. a.hydrogenb.ionicc.covalentd.polar

covalent

In the chemical reaction that forms hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2), hydrogen and oxygen share electrons, creating ________ bonds between the two atoms. a.covalentb.peptidec.hydrogend.ionic

covalent

A species of butterflies gradually becomes darker in color over many generations; this is an example of which characteristic of living organisms? a.They sense the environment and respond to it.b.They obtain energy from the environment to support metabolism.c.They reproduce using DNA.d.They can evolve as groups.

d.They can evolve as groups.

The roots of a sunflower plant growing downward while the shoot grows upward and the flower turns toward the sun are examples of what characteristic of all living organisms? a.They evolve through time.b.They make their own energy.c.They reproduce using DNA.d.They sense the environment and respond to it.

d.They sense the environment and respond to it.

Some questions fall outside the realm of science. Which of the following questions could NOT be answered using the scientific method? a.Why do smokers develop lung cancer more frequently than nonsmokers?b.What is the function of the appendix in human beings?c.Why is it so difficult to quit smoking?d.Why is it unethical to test newly developed drugs in animals?

d.Why is it unethical to test newly developed drugs in animals?

The group of 18 bats that were "sham injected" represents a ________ group that experienced ________. a.control; a change in the dependent variableb.treatment; no change in the independent variablec.treatment; no change in the dependent variabled.control; no change in the independent variable

d.control; no change in the independent variable

Ionic bonds ________, whereas covalent bonds ________. a.hold together compounds that do not dissolve in water; hold together molecules that dissolve in waterb.consist of atoms with partial charges; consist of atoms with full positive and negative chargesc.form between the same two elements; form between different elementsd.hold together oppositely charged atoms; hold together atoms that share electrons

d.hold together oppositely charged atoms; hold together atoms that share electrons

Which of the following represents conducting an experiment? a.predicting the outcome of a basketball gameb.comparing prices of computersc.checking midterm grades onlined.dialing a telephone number

dialing a telephone number

The caves in upstate New York, where Alan Hicks's team first noticed the deaths of thousands of bats, represent the ________ where the bats lived. a.ecosystemb.biomec.communityd.biosphere

ecosystem

The subatomic particles that possess a single negative charge and surround the nucleus are the a.protons.b.isotopes.c.electrons.d.neutrons.

electrons

The subatomic particles that possess a single negative charge, surround the nucleus, and are lost or gained by atoms called ions are the a.isotopes.b.neutrons.c.protons.d.electrons.

electrons

Intelligent scientific decisions can only be made if there is adequate scientific description in easy to understand language evidence popular support amongst the citizenry widespread publication of findings

evidence

In 1890, Robert Koch developed a hypothesis regarding the cause of communicable diseases. He designed an experiment and collected data that supported his hypothesis. Later, his experiment was repeated by many other scientists who used other pathogens and documented similar results that not only supported their hypotheses but also supported Koch's original hypothesis. These many experiments that supported multiple hypotheses regarding the cause of communicable diseases contributed to the development of the a.theory of evolution.b.theory of relativity.c.law of gravity.d.germ theory of disease.

germ theory of disease

Pseudoscience usually sounds like findings of persons with respected and appropriate credenteialss vetted publication it is based on peer reviews good science

good science

David Blehert and his research team captured 117 healthy bats to study in the laboratory and divided them into four groups. Group 1 was housed in an area free from the fungus Geomyces destructans. Group 2 was housed in an area that shared the same air as bats infected with WNS, but these bats did not have direct contact with the infected bats. Group 3 was housed in direct contact with other bats infected with WNS. Bats in group 4 were directly exposed to Geomyces destructans when it was applied to their wings. During the study period the bats were monitored for signs of WNS. Which group is the control group? a.group 4b.group 1c.group 2d.group 3

group 1

Which of the following pieces of evidence would best demonstrate that a bacterium found on an asteroid originated in outer space? a.the presence of right-handed amino acids in the bacterium's proteinsb.the absence of common gases found in Earth's atmospherec.the presence of volcanic ash on the outside of the bacterial celld.the absence of hydrogen bonds between water molecules in the bacterial cell

he presence of right-handed amino acids in the bacterium's proteins

Ionic bonds ________, whereas covalent bonds ________. a.hold together oppositely charged atoms; hold together atoms that share electronsb.hold together compounds that do not dissolve in water; hold together molecules that dissolve in waterc.form between the same two elements; form between different elementsd.consist of atoms with partial charges; consist of atoms with full positive and negative charges

hold together oppositely charged atoms; hold together atoms that share electrons

Individual water molecules orient toward each other because of the ________ bonds that form between them. a.peptideb.hydrogenc.covalentd.ionic

hydrogen

In making her morning tea, Dorothy drops a sugar cube into some hot water. She stirs the mixture but no longer sees the sugar cube at the bottom of her mug. Based on her observation of sugar dissolving in hot water, she can properly conclude that the sugar is a.inert.b.nonpolar.c.hydrophobic.d.hydrophilic.

hydrophilic

With or without the availability of a vaccine, moss members of a population will not likely develop a high antibody titer to the disease-causing organism a sate of being contagious disease symptoms immuniity

immunity

Laura's supervisor provides her with lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids and asks her to determine their chemical components. Which of the following elements would she NOT expect to find in these items? a.hydrogenb.phosphorusc.nitrogend.iron

iron

Carbon is an example of a(n) a.amino acid.b.element.c.macromolecule.d.compound.

macromolecule XX

What characteristic is NOT shared by all living organisms? a.They grow and develop.b.They evolve through time.c.They make their own energy.d.They are composed of one or more cells.

make their own energy

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms are held together by chemical bonds to form ________ of sugar. a.atomsb.moleculesc.organ systemsd.cells

molecules

The genetic material found in all living things is made of building blocks called a.monosaccharides.b.phospholipids.c.nucleotides.d.steroids.

nucleotides

Scientists are human beings and, like all human beings, are susceptible to personal and group biases that may influence how they interpret evidence. Before original research work is accepted and added to a growing body of scientific understanding, perhaps even contributing to our understanding of an important scientific theory, it must be scrutinized by experts in the field who have no direct connection to the research under review. The main mechanism for doing this is a.popular magazines.b.peer-reviewed publications.c.the Discovery Channel.d.Wikipedia.

peer reviewed publications

Which of the following solutions has the highest concentration of free H + ions? a.pH 7b.pH 1c.pH 14d.pH 4

ph1

Hydrogen and oxygen atoms are held together within an individual water molecule by ________ bonds. a.peptideb.polar covalentc.hydrogend.ionic

polar covalent

The bonds connecting the atoms in the molecule below are ________ bonds a.nonpolar, ionicb.nonpolar, covalentc.polar, hydrogend.polar, covalent

polar covalent

A researcher studying a group of individuals of the same species living and interacting in a shared environment is said to be working at the level of a a.biosphere.b.community.c.population.d.biome.

population

Experimentation is the primary, but not only, means used to verify or refute the ________ made by a hypothesis. a.lawsb.predictionsc.theoriesd.variables

predictions

A group of researchers conducted an experiment and collected the data presented in the graph below. The graph shows that the hypothesis was ________ because all members of the control group ________ while most of the members of both treatment groups ________ by the end of the study. a.supported; survived; diedb.proven; survived; diedc.proven beyond a doubt; survived; diedd.not supported; died; survived

proven survived died XX

Astronauts returning from outer space studied samples taken from their lunar landing. They found that one of their samples was coated with organic compounds. Which of the following statements must be correct about their samples? a.The samples must lack water, but contain DNA.b.The specimen must lack water, pesticides, and added hormones.c.The samples must contain carbon atoms.d.The compounds must be covered with ammonia (NH3) and water vapor.

samples must contain carbon atoms

A scientifically literate individuals usually have adequate scientific knowledge a college degree liking of science an accumulation of science-related magazines in thiner personal ibrarey

scientific knowledge

A basic research investigation would tend to focus on estabishing solving a defined problem a specific therapeutic produce a defined therapeutic protocol background infomration

solving a defined problem XX

Which of the following could be built solely from glucose molecules? a.fatty acidsb.DNAc.starchd.oils

starch

Which of the following are composed of the same monomers? a.RNA and celluloseb.cholesterol and sucrosec.starch and cellulosed.proteins and DNA

starch and cellulose

The highest concentration of free hydrogen ions is found in a.stomach acid.b.lemons.c.household ammonia.d.human blood.

stomach acid

The most acidic solution in the figure shown below is a.stomach acid.b.pure water.c.oven cleaner.d.lemons.

stomach acid

QUESTION 48 A disaccharide consists of two a.hydrocarbons.b.sugars.c.amino acids.d.fatty acids.

sugars

A scientific hypothesis must be ________; if not, science cannot evaluate it. a.provableb.testablec.rejectedd.accepted

testable

In making her morning tea, Dorothy drops a sugar cube into the hot water. She stirs the mixture but no longer sees the sugar cube at the bottom of her mug. In this scenario, the sugar is a.a solute.b.the solvent.c.nonpolar.d.an acid.

the solvent XX

A species of butterflies gradually becomes darker in color over many generations; this is an example of which characteristic of living organisms? a.They reproduce using DNA.b.They sense the environment and respond to it.c.They obtain energy from the environment to support metabolism.d.They can evolve as groups.

they can evolve as groups

The book Medical Apartheid might suggest why some persons, especially African Americans, might be reluctant to be societally isolated vaccinated counted in a national census more scientifically literate

vaccinated

In living systems, a critical component of many reactions is a.calcium.b.hydrogen sulfide.c.carbon dioxide.d.water.

water

David Blehert and his research team captured 117 healthy bats to study in the laboratory and divided them into four groups. Group 1 was housed in an area free from Geomyces destructans. Group 2 was housed in an area that shared the same air as bats infected with WNS, but these bats did not have direct contact with the infected bats. Group 3 was housed in direct contact with other bats infected with WNS. Bats in group 4 were directly exposed to Geomyces destructans when it was applied to their wings. During the study period the bats were monitored for signs of WNS. In this experiment, the independent was ________ and the dependent variable was ________. a.whether the bats became sick with WNS; the type of exposure to Geomyces destructansb.whether the bats became sick with WNS; the number of bats included in the studyc.the type of exposure to Geomyces destructans; whether the bats became sick with WNSd.the number of bats included in the study; the type of exposure to Geomyces destructans

whether the bats became sick with WNS; the type of exposure to Geomyces destructans XX