Bio exam 2

Which of the following is an example of a dehydration synthesis reaction? A. proteins breaking down to form amino acids B. glycogen forming glucose molecules C. amylose breaking down to form maltose molecules D. nucleotides forming DNA

nucleotides forming DNA

The plasma membrane is a thin sheet of lipid embedded with A. nucleotides B. polymers C. proteins D. carbohydrates

proteins

Which of the following is a true statement about proteins? A. Proteins are used to produce ATP for the cell. B. Proteins are made up of amino acids bonded together. C. Even small changes in temperature and pH will immediately destroy a protein's shape and function. D. Extra proteins are stored in the liver and brain.

proteins are made up of amino acids bonded together

Sickle-cell disease results in malformed hemoglobin molecules. Which cell type contains millions of hemoglobin molecules per cell? A. neurons B. red blood cells C. white blood cells D. osteoblasts

red blood cells

DNA replication is considered to be ________ because the end product consists of one old strand and one newly synthesized strand. A. relaxed B. dispersive C. conservative D. semiconservative

semiconservative

In humans, male gametes are called ________, while female gametes are called ________. A. eggs; sperm B. eggs; pollen C. pollen; eggs D. sperm; eggs

sperm; eggs

The method of determining the exact nucleotide order of a sequence of DNA is called ________ and is now an automated process that involves fluorescent dyes and automated machines. A. polymerase chain reactions (PCR) B. DNA microarrays C. fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) D. DNA sequencing

DNA Sequencing

If the codon is CCA, what is the anticodon and what amino acid will be inserted? A. CCA, proline B. GGU, proline C. ACC, threonine D. GGT, glycine

GGU, proline

On the leading strand, the DNA polymerase makes short segments of DNA, called Okazaki fragments, which are then connected together by a DNA ligase enzyme

false

One example is complete dominance, where the dominant allele does not completely mask the recessive allele.

false

The first 23 pairs of chromosomes are called autosomes, and there are no differences between them in males and females.

false

The mutated hemoglobin protein causes the red blood cells to be more effective for the exchange of gases in our bodies.

false

When hemoglobin picks up oxygen, it forms carbonic acid

false

Each enzyme has a particular substrate because enzymes A. always require coenzymes. B. have active sites complementary in shape to their substrates. C. increase the energy of activation. D. decrease the productivity of the cell.

have active sites complementary in shape to their substrates.

Which of the following is the main difference between in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy?

Ex vivo gene therapy occurs outside the body and in vivo gene therapy occurs inside the body.

Humans have two sex chromosomes that are named based on their shape. Males have (an) ________ and females have (an) ________. A. two X chromosomes; X and Y chromosome B. two Y chromosomes; two X chromosomes C. X and Y chromosome; two X chromosomes D. two X chromosomes; two Y chromosomes

X and Y chromosome; two X chromosomes

During the human life cycle, the fertilization of an egg by a sperm results in A. a haploid embryo. B. a diploid zygote. C. a haploid oocyte. D. a diploid spermatocyte.

a diploid zygote

Which of the following is a function of the digestive system? A. transmit hormonal messengers throughout the body B. make nitrogenous waste C. search out and destroy foreign substances, including viruses and bacteria D. absorb nutrients E. make hemoglobin

absorb nutrients

Where within the lungs does gas exchange occur? A. alveoli B. Gas exchange occurs in all of these locations within the lungs. C. bronchi D. bronchioles

alveoli

In which of the following is the correct monomer matched with its polymer? A. monosaccharide—lipid B. glycerol—carbohydrate C. amino acid—protein D. fatty acid—protein

amino acid- protein

If we set up an experimental design to explore the full digestion of starch to glucose, we would need to include which enzymes? A. pepsin and lipase B. trypsin and maltase C. amylase and maltase D. pepsin and hydrochloric acid

amylase and maltase

Select the correct association. A. carbohydrates—composed of amino acids bound together with peptide bonds B. proteins—have three forms: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides C. lipids—structural components of hair, fingernails, and claws D. carbohydrates—provide the body with an immediate source of energy

carbohydrates-provides the body with an immediate source of energy

By tracking where the radioactive isotopes ended up after the viruses infected the cells, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase identified that protein, not DNA, is the genetic material in cells

false

Which of the following statements describes the correct flow of energy conversions through living systems? A. Mitochondria capture solar energy and convert it to oxygen. B. Mitochondria convert ATP molecules into glucose. C. Chloroplasts produce CO2 and H2O during photosynthesis. D. Chloroplasts convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules.

chloroplasts convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules

Which of the following statements describes the correct flow of energy conversions through living systems? A. Mitochondria capture solar energy and convert it to oxygen. Oxygen is used by chloroplasts to generate ATP molecules. B. Chloroplasts generate chemical energy in the form of ATP molecules and mitochondria convert ATP molecules into glucose to be used for work. C. Chloroplasts convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules and mitochondria convert this chemical energy into ATP molecules used for work. D. Chloroplasts produce carbon dioxide and water during photosynthesis, which in turn is used by mitochondria to generate ATP molecules.

chloroplasts convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules and mitochondria convert thus chemical energy intoATP molecules used for work.

During metaphase I of meiosis, genetic information is exchanged between two homologous chromosomes, resulting in new combinations of alleles. This process is called ________. A. shuffling B. homology C. spermatogenesis D. crossing-over

crossing over

Which of the following statements is true concerning enzymatic activity? A. Below a certain temperature, an enzyme will become denatured. B. As the temperature increases, most enzymatic reactions will still proceed at the same rate. C. Temperature has no impact on enzymatic activity. D. Each enzyme has a preferred pH at which the enzyme reaction rate is highest.

each enzyme has a preferred pH at which the enzyme reaction rate is highest.

Which one of the following is a main function of many proteins? A. energy source B. detoxification C. enzymatic activity D. genetic coding

enzymatic activity

Which of the following traits are considered to be inheritable?

eye color

Which of the following is a passive mechanism used to move materials into and out of of the cell? A. exocytosis B. feedback inhibition C. active transport D. facilitated diffusion

facilitated diffusion

A codon is a three-nucleotide or triplet sequence found on tRNA that codes for a certain amino acid during translation. The anticodon is a three-nucleotide sequence found on mRNA that binds to the corresponding mRNA sequence.

false

DNA is first wrapped around proteins called histones, forming RNA

false

Which of the following statements best describes the structure of a hemoglobin molecule? A. Hemoglobin is comprised of three globin molecules and one heme group per hemoglobin molecule. B. Hemoglobin is comprised of four globin molecules, each with their own heme group that binds to and carries oxygen. C. Hemoglobin is comprised of four globin molecules, each of which contain millions of heme groups. D. Hemoglobin is comprised of two globin molecules, both with their own heme group that binds to and carries oxygen.

hemoglobin is comprised of four globin molecules, each with their own heme group that binds to and carries oxygen.

Sickle-cell disease results in misshapen red blood cells. What impact does this have on their ability to carry gases in the bloodstream? A. It makes no difference in the ability of red blood cells to carry gases in the bloodstream. B. all of the above C. It increases their ability to carry oxygen, resulting in anemia. D. It reduces their ability to carry oxygen, resulting in anemia.

it reduces their ability to carry oxygen, resulting in anemia

Which of the following provides support for the endosymbiotic theory? A. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have only a single membrane surrounding them. B. Mitochondria and chloroplasts cannot synthesize proteins. C. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own genomes. D. Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain genes that are vastly different compared to bacterial genes.

mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own genomes

During translation, a polypeptide chain is created using a RNA template. Which of the following components is responsible for bringing amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain? rRNA ribosomes mRNA tRNA

tRNA

What property of phospholipids makes them suitable for the formation of the double layer found in membranes? A. They have both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic end. B. They are uncharged. C. They are composed of fatty acids. D. They can interact with proteins.

they have both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic end

An allele is a variation of a gene, usually due to small changes in the nucleotide sequence within the gene

true

DNA Replication is Semiconservative: During DNA replication, each of the strands acts as a template for the construction of a new daughter strand

true

Haploid refers to the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism's cells. Living organisms are diploid (having two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent). In humans, only the egg and sperm cells are haploid.

true

The square in the F2 generation, called a Punnett square, can help you visualize the process of meiosis. On the outer part of the square are the possible eggs and sperm cells (which are haploid), while the inner part of the square shows the possible diploid offspring.

true

When the capillaries surrounding the alveoli become blocked by sickle-shaped RBCs, it can cause a condition known as acute chest syndrome

true

anemia 1-Has an impact on the ability of the cells and organs of the immune system to perform their function. 2- Individuals with sickle-cell disease are often more prone to infections, such as those from viruses and bacteria.

true

the start codon (sequence AUG ) is the first codon of a messenger RNA transcript translated by a ribosome. The start codon always codes for methionine

true

Sickle-cell disease is a recessive genetic disease. This means A. only one copy of the recessive allele must be present in order for the disease to be expressed. B. at least one copy of each recessive allele must be present for each gene involved in sickle-cell disease in order for the disease to be expressed. C. two copies of the recessive allele must be present in order for the disease to be expressed. D. the environment can alter the expression of recessive genes, meaning any combination of alleles can cause the disease if the right environmental conditions are encountered.

two copies of the recessive allele must be present in order for the disease to be expressed