Bio Exam 3

Which statement below best summarizes the overall purpose of the light-dependent reactions? A The light-dependent reactions use energy to convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrate molecules. B The light-dependent reactions capture the energy from the sun and convert it to glucose. C The light-dependent reactions convert high-energy molecules into carbohydrates. D The light-dependent reactions capture the energy from the sun and transfer it to high-energy molecules.

The light-dependent reactions capture the energy from the sun and transfer it to high-energy molecules.

Which part of solar energy is important in photosynthesis? red Infrared wavelengths X-rays swer The visible spectrum of light

The visible spectrum of light

Which of the following species belongs in the bony class of fish? Trout Lamprey Rays Ancient fish

Trout

The use of wildlife corridors allows terrestrial species to move along their historical ranges and reduces the chances of inbreeding. True False

True

All the mass extinction events on the planet share what common cause? a. climate change b. volcanic activity c. human activity d. asteroid or comet activity

a. climate change

Of the choices below, which represents the most general classification (most inclusive)? a.Kingdom b. Order c. Phylum d. Genus

a.Kingdom

Charles Darwin stated that species of finch evolved due to their different locations on the Galápagos islands. This is a type of_ speciation. allopatric sympatric

allopatric

The idea behind a wildlife corridor is to A All of the answer choices are correct. B provide an area or "corridor" where wildlife can live and reproduce. C provide human interaction with animals while they are moved to a new location. D allow safe movement of wildlife without human interference.

allow safe movement of wildlife without human interference.

To capture energy at wavelengths in the visible spectrum of life, photosynthetic organisms use pigments. Which of the following are pigments used by photosynthetic organisms? Select all that apply. chloroplasts chlorophyll thylakoids carotenoids

chlorophyll carotenoids

Currently, scientists estimate there are approximately______known species on the planet. 5 million 500 thousand 2 million 100 thousand

2 million

Over the past 30 years, the arthropod population had declined by approximately 10%. 50%. 80%. 25%

25%

Methane versus carbon dioxide are very important greenhouse gases. However, methane can retain and release about____ times more heat than carbon dioxide. 10 75 100 30

30

Of the total number of identified species, approximately how many of these are plants? 391,000 33,000 3,100 140,000

391,000

Carbon atoms contain _______ electrons in the outermost shell, which interact with other elements to form chemical bonds. 6 12 2 4

4

Plants A All answer choices are correct. B are part of the carbon, water, nitrogen, and phosphorous cycles. C supply us with food and fuel. D are used for medicines.

A All answer choices are correct.

Which of the following is not an example of a prezygotic isolation mechanism? A producing a sterile hybrid B mating at different times of the year C having different mating behaviors D living in different habitats

A producing a sterile hybrid

Climate can best be described as A the average weather patterns in a given area over long periods of time. B how hot or cold a location is, based on its altitude. C the temperature and rainfall of a specific area over the course of a year.

A the average weather patterns in a given area over long periods of time.

Coral bleaching is caused by A the rise of ocean temperature from climate change. B the introduction of invasive species. C nitrogen runoff into the ocean. D overexploitation of fish.

A the rise of ocean temperature from climate change.

Which of the following is the oldest group of organisms on the planet? A. Bacteria B. Eukarva c. Archaea

A. Bacteria

The current classification system used by biologists A. is updated and revised whenever new information becomes available. B. is absolute and unchanging. C. is used to describe the relationships between unrelated species. D. is only concerned with classifying living species. E. lacks evidence to support that every organisms alive today or previously lived share a heritage to a common ancestor.

A. is updated and revised whenever new information

Which of the following has been caused by anthropogenic events? A Habitat destruction B Invasive species C All answers are correct D Climate change

All answers are correct

Carbon sinks are reservoirs that hold large amounts of carbon. Which of the following are considered to be carbon sinks? A All of the answer choices are correct B the atmosphere C fossil fuels deep underground D oceans

All of the answer choices are correct.

Choose the group of vertebrates that is best described as being exothermic, with a three-chambered heart and tied to reproduction in a water environment. Amphibians Mammals Fish Reptiles

Amphibians

The success of which of the following is associated with the evolution of jointed legs? A Arthropods B Echinoderms C Annelids D Molluscs

Arthropods

Which phylum has been the most successful animal on the planet, with over 1 million species? Nematodes Cnidarians Porifera Arthropods

Arthropods

Plants A supply us with food and fuel. B All answer choices are correct. C are part of the carbon, water, nitrogen, and phosphorous cycles. D are used for medicines.

B All answer choices are correct.

Which group of prokaryotes are considered to be more closely related to eukaryotes and often live in extreme environments? A Bacteria B Archaeans

B Archaeans

Natural levels of extinction, which occur at an approximate rate of 0.1-2 species lost/million of species/year, are called what? A Biodiversity B Background extinction rates C Mass extinction D Habitat loss

B Background extinction rates

The inputs to the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis include which of the following? Select all that apply. A Oxygen B Sunlight C Water D Carbon dioxide

B Sunlight C Water

In 2020, a new epoch to reflect human-induced changes to the planet was named. What is this new epoch called? A The Paleozoic B The Anthropocene C The Cenozoic D The Holocene

B The Anthropocene

Because fossil fuels are the remains of once living organisms, they contain reservoirs of ______ that are released into the atmosphere when they are burned. A nitrogen B carbon C phosphorus D oxygen

B carbon

Which greenhouse gas comes from refrigerants and spray propellants? A ozone B chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) C nitrous oxides D water vapor

B chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

This graph, depicting both global temperatures and carbon dioxide levels, indicates that A line graph shows.... A there is no change in global temperatures and carbon dioxide levels over the last 140 years. B global temperatures and carbon dioxide levels have tended to increase, especially in the last 140 years C global temperatures and carbon dioxide levels have tended to decrease, especially in the last 140 years. D global temperatures and carbon dioxide levels have varied randomly over the last 140 years.

B global temperatures and carbon dioxide levels have tended to increase, especially in the last 140 years

Which of the following are greenhouse gases? A oxygen and methane B methane and carbon dioxide C carbon dioxide and oxygen D nitrogen and carbon dioxide

B methane and carbon dioxide

Prokaryotic cells can be defined by their metabolic abilities. A chemoheterotroph is an organism that uses______ for energy. A the sun B organic material C inorganic compounds

B organic material

There are two basic categories that prevent reproduction and therefore prevent speciation. If hybrid offspring survives but is sterile this is an example of A prezygotic isolation. B postzygotic isolation.

B postzygotic isolation.

We experience ______ because the earth is tilted 23 degrees off its axis. A minutes B seasons C days D years

B seasons

The phylogenetic species concept separates species based on: A differences in habitat B whether or not they share an evolutionary history C differences in physical traits D reproductive isolation

B whether or not they share an evolutionary history

Based on projections made by scientists studying climate change, if human activities continue to impact climate at the same rates as today, what will most likely be the future of the level of biological organization in ecosystems across the planet? A. Human activities will continue to have the same minimal impact on climate and on ecosystems as other natural events. B. Human activities will have serious impacts on climate and on the levels of biological organization in ecosystems across the planet

B. Human activities will have serious impacts on climate and on the levels of biological organization in ecosystems across the planet.

Which of the following is the oldest group of organisms on the planet? Archaea Bacteria Eukarya

Bacteria

Fungi are saprophytic. This means they A ingest any organic nutrients using pseudopods. B utilize sunlight to make their energy. C Absorb dead or decaying material for nutrients.

C Absorb dead or decaying material for nutrients.

Methane A is a greenhouse gas. B releases more heat than carbon dioxide. C All of the answer choices are correct. D is very rare.

C All of the answer choices are correct.

Which of the two domains are mostly closely related to one another? A Eukarya and Bacteria B Archaea and Bacteria C Archaea and Eukarya

C Archaea and Eukarya

In the carbon cycle, where does atmospheric carbon dioxide get combined with energy to form carbohydrates? A Nucleus B Chloroplasts C Chlorophyll D Mitochondria

C Chloroplasts

The production of carbonic acid occurs as a result of increased carbon dioxide concentrations in which of the following? A Soil B Atmosphere C Oceans D All of the answers are correct

C Oceans

Which statement best describes the number of evolutionary events? A There have been 3 major extinction events and there will be no future events. B There have been 3 major extinction events and the 4th is in progress. C There have been 5 major extinction events and the 6th is in progress. D There have been 5 major extinction events and there will be no future events.

C There have been 5 major extinction events and the 6th is in progress.

As global temperatures increase, which of the following scenarios are most likely to happen? A Extreme weather events decrease. B Sea surface temperatures and ocean heat content decrease. C Glaciers and snow coverage decrease. D Temperatures and humidity decrease.

Glaciers and snow coverage decrease.

The presence of vascular tissue allowed this group of plants to be the first group to more efficiently transport water and nutrients. A Ferns B Angiosperms C Gymnosperms D Mosses

A Ferns

Which of the following statements are correct regarding the element carbon? Select all that apply. A It is absorbed from the atmosphere via the process of photosynthesis in plants. B Its long-term reservoir is living creatures. C It is involved in the formation of organic molecules. D It forms long chains called hydrocarbons.

A It is absorbed from the atmosphere via the process of photosynthesis in plants. C It is involved in the formation of organic molecules. D It forms long chains called hydrocarbons.

In order to be considered a biodiversity hotspot, an area needs to meet what technical criteria? Select all that apply. A Must have at least 1500 native vascular plant species B Must have less than 30% of its original vegetation remaining C Must have at least 500 vertebrate species D Must receive at least 36" of rain each year

A Must have at least 1500 native vascular plant species B Must have less than 30% of its original vegetation

Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between an organism, species, and population? A Populations are groups of organisms of the same species living in the same geographic area. B Populations consist of multiple different species living in different areas. C None of the answers are correct. D A population of organisms that can not reproduce are called a species.

A Populations are groups of organisms of the same species living in the same geographic area.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between climate change and global warming? A The increase in temperature is one aspect of climate change and can result in the increased temperature of the planet, which is known as global warming. B The terms climate change and global warming can be used interchangeably because they mean the same thing. C Climate change is defined only by the changing of temperature, which can result in the increased temperature of the planet known as global warming.

A The increase in temperature is one aspect of climate change and can result in the increased temperature of the planet, which is known as global warming.

Which of the following statements are correct regarding the archaeans? Select all that apply. A They appear more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria. B They are the most common form of bacteria on the planet. C Some have the ability to live in environments that are completely free of oxygen. D Thermophiles can live in high-salt environments.

A They appear more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria. C Some have the ability to live in environments that are completely free of oxygen.

According to the biological species concept, what determines if two organisms are different species? A They are reproductively isolated from each other. B They live in different areas of the globe. C They share an evolutionary past. D They can produce offspring together.

A They are reproductively isolated from each other.

New species form as a result of __________. Check All That Apply A an organism from one population no longer recognizing another organism as a potential mate B breeding times between two populations of the same species overlapping and they mate Ctwo populations becoming more genetically similar to one another D two populations becoming geographically isolated from one another

A an organism from one population no longer recognizing another organism as a potential mate D two populations becoming geographically isolated from one another

You were looking under the microscope and you have just discovered an undescribed, microscopic, non-photosynthetic, multicellular organism in a soil sample. You decide to study these cells to determine what they are. You have noted that they absorb nutrients from their environment and do not have true sexes. Based on these observations, these microorganisms are Multiple Choice a protist. a bacteria. a plant. an animal. a fungus. an archaean.

A fungus

Over the past several decades, the overall trend for earth's temperatures has been A increases in overall global temperatures at an accelerating rate, a phenomenon known as global warming. B a gentle trend towards colder winters and hotter summers, which averages out to be very little overall global temperature changes. C decreases in overall global temperatures at an accelerating rate, a phenomenon known as global cooling. D Cyclical periods of warming and cooling, known as global climate change.

A increases in overall global temperatures at an accelerating rate, a phenomenon known as global warming.

The greenhouse effect A is caused by gases such as carbon dioxide trapping heat in the earth's atmosphere. B increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. C decreases the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.

A is caused by gases such as carbon dioxide trapping heat in the earth's atmosphere.

Which of the following describes the principal role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle? A Using energy from the sun, plants convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into kinetic energy. B Using energy from the sun, plants convert sugars into kinetic energy. C Using energy from the sun, plants convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into chemical energy of sugars. D Using energy from the sun, plants convert carbon dioxide from the soil into chemical energy of sugars.

C Using energy from the sun, plants convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into chemical energy of sugars.

Which of the following statements about vertebrates is false? A Vertebrates have complete organ systems. B Vertebrates have complete body cavities. C Vertebrates have the lowest extinction rates. D Vertebrates have backbones.

C Vertebrates have the lowest extinction rates.

Which of the following does not describe the metabolic capabilities of a fungi? A saprophytic B heterotrophic C autotrophic

C autotrophic

The average temperature and precipitation of an area are referred to as its: A biosphere B none of the answers are correct C climate D community

C climate

In the carbon cycle, the process of photosynthesis______atmospheric , and cellular respiration______ atmospheric . A produces; consumes B produces; produces C consumes; produces D consumes; consumes

C consumes; produces

Which of the following events occurred first in the evolution of the eukaryotic cell? A Formation of the chloroplast B formation of the mitochondria C formation of a nucleus and internal membranes

C formation of a nucleus and internal membranes

The symbiotic relationship between coral and algal partners may be preserved by A genetically engineering coral to increase nutrient absorption from their algal partners. B genetically engineering the algal partners to have a more efficient photosynthesis process. C genetically engineering both to withstand higher water temperatures. D genetically engineering coral to survive without their algal partners.

C genetically engineering both to withstand higher water temperatures.

According to the evidence of climate change, there has been an overall______ in ocean and land temperature, and an overall______ in ice formations. A decrease; decrease B increase; increase C increase; decrease D decrease; increase

C increase; decrease

Marine Protected Areas A act as fragmented habitats because the organisms are restricted to the area. B are used to raise and harvest species that cannot be caught at any other location. C provide habitat for endangered and commercially valuable species.

C provide habitat for endangered and commercially valuable species.

Which statement accurately describes the term biodiversity? Multiple Choice A. Biodiversity describes the unique traits that make one species distinct from other species. B. Biodiversity determines the species of a given area that are well adapted to survive periodic disturbances, such as a storm, fire, or human activity. C. Biodiversity determines the number, variety, and variability of all species in a given area. D. Biodiversity defines a healthy community of organisms that are in a state of equilibrium with nature.

C. Biodiversity determines the number, variety, and variability of all species in a given area.

In comparison to past statistics, the consensus among the scientific community is that extinction rates are currently high. Which of the following is the most plausible explanation for causing this recent extinction crisis? A. The natural shifts and changes in climate are causing mass extinctions. B.Previous species that were located in a region and have gone extinct have made the region inhospitable to new species. C. Human activities that involve altering habitats, changes in sea levels, and changes in weather patterns on a global scale are causing mass extinctions.

C. Human activities that involve altering habitats, changes in sea levels, and changes in weather patterns on a global scale are causing mass extinctions.

In which of the following processes does atmospheric carbon get combined with energy to form carbohydrates? Cellular respiration Light-dependent reactions Calvin cycle

Calvin cycle

Which of the following is the main factor that contributes to coral bleaching? Invasive species Overexploitation Water pollution Climate change

Climate Change

Fossil fuels play a role in the carbon cycle A by being a source of coal, oil, and natural gas. B by releasing when it is burned. C by containing the remains of organic material. D All of the answer choices are correct.

D All of the answer choices are correct.

Which human impact has globally placed over 85% of species on the endangered species list? A Overexploitation B Pollution C Introduction of invasive species D Habitat destruction

D Habitat destruction

Which of the following is the most likely cause for the sudden sharp increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels? A Normal fluctuations in the natural levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere B Natural events, including fires and volcanic activity C Respiration from the earth's many living organisms D Human activities, including the use of fossil fuels, changes in agricultural practices, and deforestation

D Human activities, including the use of fossil fuels, changes in agricultural practices, and deforestation

Species can be prevented from mating before fertilization ever occurs (before egg meets sperm). What is this mechanism called? A Hybrid isolation B Offspring isolation C Postzygotic isolation D Prezygotic isolation

D Prezygotic isolation

Which of the following carbon reservoirs do members of the biosphere exchange carbon with regularly? A All of answers are correct B Fossil fuels below ground C Oceans D The atmosphere

D The atmosphere

Why do conservation groups focus their attention on biodiversity hotspots? a These spots have not be affected by habitat destruction or overexploitation. B These spots contain large amounts of water. C These spots are highly restricted from human access. D These spots have over half the world's plant species and 43% of all vertebrate species.

D These spots have over half the world's plant species and 43% of all vertebrate species.

Kingdom Animalia is a branch on the eukaryotic tree that contains multicellular, heterotrophic organisms. Characteristics unique to this kingdom are the fact that they ingest their food and their cells lack _______. A organelles. B genetic material. C nuclei. D cell walls.

D cell walls.

The morphological species concept separates species based on: A differences in habitat B whether or not they share an evolutionary history C reproductive isolation D differences in physical traits

D differences in physical traits

Which of the following descriptions correctly explains the difference between climate and weather? Multiple Choice A. Daily measurements are used to describe climate. Yearly measurements are used to describe weather. B. Climate fluctuates within a short time. Weather is very stable with little change. C. Climate describes extreme events like tornadoes and hurricanes. Weather describes dominant air currents known as prevailing winds. D. Climate refers to the long-term patterns of temperature and precipitation. Weather describes the short-term patterns of temperature and precipitation.

D. Climate refers to the long-term patterns of temperature and precipitation. Weather describes the short-term patterns of temperature and precipitation.

The decline of tropical rainforests is due primarily to: A Sea level rise B Deforestation C Climate change D Invasive species

Deforestation

Which of these terms would NOT be used to describe our species, Homo sapiens? Ectothermic Primate Placental mammal Chordate

Ectothermic

Which of the following is required for the formation of a fossil fuel? Select all that apply. A Decomposition of the remains by bacteria B High temperatures C Organic remains of plants and animals D Low pressure

High temperatures Organic remains of plants and animals

We are currently in the 6th mass extinction. What is causing this extinction? Human-induced climate change Comet impact Volcanic activity Asteroid impact

Human-induced climate change

Which of the following is not directly associated with an increase in global temperatures? A Droughts B Increases in the frequency of tornadoes C Extreme precipitation events, such as floods D Heat waves

Increases in the frequency of tornadoes

What is a species that is not native to a specific ecosystem called? Invasive species Ecological species Hybrid species Postzygotic species

Invasive species

Species are identified by a two-part ________ name. German Greek Latin English

Latin

The major sources of this greenhouse gas are agriculture and the decay of organic material. CFCs Methane Carbon dioxide Water vapor

Methane

Which of the following are considered to be greenhouse gases? Select all that apply. Oxygen Methane Carbon dioxide Water vapor

Methane Carbon dioxide Water vapor

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a prokaryote? Nucleus Single-celled organisms Ribosomes Plasma membrane

Nucleus

Which of the following supergroups includes animals, and humans? A Amoebozoa B Opisthokonts C Rhizaria D Archaeplastida

Opisthokonts

When humans extract resources and food from the environment without sustainable practices, it's called _______. It means you're taking more from the wild than can be naturally replaced. Deforestation Commercial fishing Pollution Overexploitation

Overexploitation

The fossil record supports which model of speciation? A Gradualistic model B Punctuated equilibrium model C Adaptivist model D Natural selection model

Punctuated equilibrium model

Which of the following levels of biological organization represents the sum of all of the locations where life may be found on the planet? A community The biosphere An ecosystem Earth

The biosphere

What is unique about the Sixth Mass Extinction Event? a. It is occurring at a much slower pace than other events. b. It did not involve an asteroid impact. c. It only affects animals. d. It is caused by human activity

d. It is caused by human activity

Communities and their physical environment make up: A species B populations C organisms D ecosystems

ecosystems

The worldwide increase in average surface temperatures of Earth is called __________Blank. Multiple Choice climate cooling seasons climate change global warming the greenhouse effect

global warming

Charles Darwin observed multiple species of finch on the Galápagos islands. He proposed they adapted over time to different habitats of the islands. This is an example of the______ model of speciation. A gradualistic B punctuated equilibrium

gradualistic

Invertebrates are separated from vertebrates by not A being affected by the extinction crisis. B having a backbone. C conducting cellular respiration. D producing offspring by sexual reproduction.

having a backbone.

Since the 1950s, there has been a steady increase in the levels of atmospheric as a result of A increased human activity. B an increase in naturally occurring forest fires. C increased volcanic activity.

increased human activity.

Fifty percent of endangered species are threatened by the presence of______ because they have no defense mechanisms against this anthropogenic factor. invasive species habitat destruction overexploitation pollution

invasive species

Which of the following minor contributing greenhouse gases are produced from agricultural practices such as the use of burning of fossil fuels and used in fertilizers? water vapor nitrous oxides chlorofluorocarbons methane

nitrous oxides

Sunlight consists of a wave and a particle. The particle is also known as a(an) wavelength. photon. spectrum. pigment.

photon.

The Deepwater Horizon oil spill decreased the Atlantic bluefin tuna population by 70%. This is an example of a loss of diversity due to overexploitation. pollution. habitat destruction.

pollution

The______ model of speciation results in rapid speciation with a period of no change being interruption by events. gradualistic punctuated equilibrium

punctuated equilibrium

If two plants mate to produce a hybrid, and the hybrid is able to reproduce between other hybrids, this will result in a new species. This is an example of______ speciation. allopatric sympatric

sympatric

Choose which of the following statement(s) are incorrect regarding speciation. а. Sympatric speciation occurs due to geographical barriers. b.Prezygotic isolation mechanisms prevent the union of egg and sperm between two different species C. Reproductive isolation is the basis for the formation of biological species. D. In the punctuated equilibrium model, species arise regularly over time.

а. Sympatric speciation occurs due to geographical barriers. D. In the punctuated equilibrium model, species arise regularly over time.