BIO EXAM #3 (Thermo-regulation, osmoregulators/osmoconformers)

Examples of osmoregulators

-Atlantic blue crabs -insects (especially those in the desert) -most fish (sharks, bony fish[teleosts]) can be fresh or saltwater lamprey (fish)

examples of osmoconformers

-MOST marine animals -MOST invertebrates - Hagfish

Endothermy

-Metabolic energy heats up their own bodies

Cold-blooded animals

-are ectothermic -all of the rest (fish, reptiles, amphibians, insects, invertebrates)

Warm-blooded animals

-are endothermic -birds and mammals -body temp is warmer than environment

Solutes

-electrolytes are very important to us for muscle contractions. -example: sodium, Cl-, potassium, magnesium and calcium. Also minerals

Examples of water loss in osmoregulation

-evaporation -osmosis (hypotonic) -urine -feces

Saltwater teleosts

-hypertonic: high [sol] low [H2O] -Drinks a lot of saltwater so solutes go in (through gills) -water comes out through high concentrated urine -Chlorine pump pumps ions out ACTIVE

Freshwater Teleosts

-hypotonic: low [sol.] high [H2O] -Osmosis: high [H2O] -----> low [H2O] goes to low [sol] ----> high [sol] PASSIVE b/c no energy along gradient -Diffusion: solutes leave fish, goes into H2O move through gills PASSIVE along gradient high [sol] ----> low [sol] low [H2O]----> high [H2O] -Chloirne pump is ACTIVE and sends in solutes

Osmoconformers

-marine organisms that maintain an internal environment that is isosmotic to their external environment. -osmotic pressure of the organisms cells is equal to the osmotic pressure of their surrounding environment.

Examples of water gain in osmoregulation

-osmosis (hypertonic) -drinking -feeding -cellular respiration

Ectothermy and example

-rely on outside sources for body temp -example: crocs. They bask in the sun using the sun to warm their bodies up for energy.

Poikilothermy

-similar to ectothermy -animals body temp fluctuates with external environment -is the best because it is the least expensive with a higher percentage of animals overall.

Homeothermy

-similar to endothermy -ability to maintain constant body temp regardless to external environment. -Very expensive to do however animals that use this are very resilient to different temperatures.

Thermo-regulation really only applies to

-warm blooded animals

Osmoregulation

ACTIVE -spend energy to regulate solutes and water in the body compared to their external environment. -balance of water and solutes in an organisms body. -balance of water loss and water gain should be equal to each other.

What is the risk of FW teleosts process?

bloating! Could burst so it needs to loose water so they excrete high vol. of diluted urine

What is the risk of SW teleosts process?

shriveling! the fish needs to gain water and loose solutes.