bio exam 4

Where is the developing embryo implanted?

uterus

true or false: The sperm enters or exits through the same opening where urine exits in both males and females.

False

When is an unborn child called a fetus?

From the 9th week of pregnancy to birth

What is the role of the epithelium?

Helps protect the body from the external environment

Identify the primary role of the lymphatic system.

To produce and store large numbers of white blood cells

What is the main role of T cells in the immune response?

To stimulate the production of immune cells

Organs are made up of ________ type(s) of tissue.

Two or more

What type of diabetes is caused by a lack of insulin production by the pancreas?

Type 1

What are lymphocytes?

White blood cells

true or false: Erectile tissue can be found in both the male and female reproductive system

true

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a ________.

virus

Which of the following cells help to fight infection?

white blood cells

Why might a person have elevated glucose levels in their blood? More than one answer might be correct.

-Poor insulin production or ineffective insulin -Recently ate a calorie-rich meal -Glucagon release causes liver to release stored glucose

If your immune system initiates an antibody response to antigens, what type of immunity is involved?

Acquired

Which of the following is an organ system?

Circulatory system

What is the name of the response to an injury in which fluids leak from dilated blood vessels, causing redness and swelling?

Inflammatory response

How long does it take, on average, for an ovule to go from the ovary to the uterus?

Seven days

What is diabetes?

The failure of cells to obtain sugar from the bloodstream.

How are hormones transported to target cells throughout the body?

via the circulatory system

What are the 11 organ systems?

1.Integumentary System 2. Skeletal System 3. Muscular System 4. Nervous System 5. Endocrine System 6. Cardiovascular System 7. Lymphatic System 8. Respiratory System 9. Digestive System 10.Urinary System 11. Reproductive System

Sperm and egg cells have ......................................... chromosomes (each).

23

Why do vaccines help human health?

All of the above are reasons why vaccines help human health.

What is the condition called when your body's immune system overreacts to an otherwise harmless foreign particle?

Allergy

What are gonads?

Organs that produce gametes

Which of the following is a specific line of defense?

activation of lymphocytes

Coordinates voluntary and involuntary responses?

nervous system

All of the following are examples of negative feedback EXCEPT

release of hormones and increased contractions when a baby is being born

The term interface can be used to describe the surface across which molecules and ions are exchanged, often diffusing between external and internal environments or between organ systems. What part of the respiratory system forms the interface between the respiratory system and the circulatory system?

Alveoli

Why might the color of your blood vary in terms of shade?

Amount of oxygen present

What is MRSA?

An antibiotic-resistant bacterium

What type of disorder is AIDS?

An immunodeficiency

Which of the following forms of contraception is removable?

An intrauterine device

Which of the following is not true about antigens?

Anything that can cause disease, such as viruses and bacteria

Antibodies are produced by which types of cells?

B cells

Which type of white blood cells produces defensive proteins called antibodies?

B cells

What is antibiotic resistance?

Bacteria that have become resistant to specific antibiotics

What does the nervous stem control?

Both voluntary and involuntary actions (reflexes)

What would happen if the body did not produce insulin?

Cells of the body would not be able to take in glucose, even when glucose levels were high in the blood stream.

How is diabetes linked with homeostasis?

Diabetes results from the body not responding with a negative feedback to the level of glucose in the blood.

Which of the following is NOT a method in which various antibiotics protect against bacterial infections in humans?

Disrupt the process of cell division

How is gaseous exchange made more efficient in the body?

Due to extensive branching of airways and subsequent increased surface area of the lungs

Which of the following triggers an immune response?

Exposure to antigens

Where does the ovule meet the sperm that fertilizes it?

In the oviduct

Connective tissue is the most variable of the tissue types. Which one of the following is not categorized as connective tissue?

Muscle

The respiratory system exchanges which gases?

Oxygen is inhaled, while carbon dioxide is exhaled. Submit

________ refers to the function of a body part, while ________ refers to the structure of a body part.

Physiology; anatomy

What type of immune response is NOT part of an effective vaccine?

Prevention of the virus entering the host body and cells.

Why is an annual vaccine needed to prevent illness from the influenza virus?

The flu virus evolves quickly.

As you exercise, your breathing and heart rate increase, your skin may flush, and you may sweat. If you continue to exercise, you may feel thirsty. Feeling thirsty is an example of the negative feedback loop. The feeling of thirst is a result of a series of events that leads to the release of specific hormones in the blood. What is happening in the body during exercise that leads to this feeling thirst that is considered an example of a negative feedback loop? Select the best possible answer.

Water loss occurs as you breathe more deeply to exchange gases and sweat to cool off

Epithelial tissues covers ________. -the outer lining of blood vessels -the outer layer of skin -the outer lining of intestines -All of the above are covered by epithelial tissues

all of the above are covered by epithelial tissues

Which of the following is a similarity between male and female reproductive systems? -They both produce haploid gametes. -They both release gametes. -They both store gametes. -All of the above are similarities between the two systems.

all of the above are similarities between the two systems.

What is the function of the reproductive system?

allows for animals to reproduce

Form refers to ________, and function refers to ________.

anatomical structure; physiological actions

What is the nervous system consist of?

brain and spinal cord

What type of tissue is the skull?

connective

Organs are made up of ________ to perform a specific function.

different types of tissues

Involved in the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food?

digestive system

Major role in hormone production?

endocrine system

Herd immunity likely protects... (select best possible answer)

everyone

Excretes waste material and plays important role in homeostasis?

excretory system

true or false: Blood is blue.

false

true or false: Both reproductive systems produce diploid cells.

false

true or false: Organ systems work in isolation

false

ALL of the following are responses provided by the immune system EXCEPT

flight response

What does the blood transport? More than one answer might be correct.

gases and nutrients

In spermatogenesis, ________.

haploid sperms are produced

Maintaining a steady-state internal environment, despite a changing external environment, is called ________.

homeostasis

What enzyme is produced by the human body following a snack on a donut?

insulin

Protects from water loss and outside environment?

integumentary system

Which of the following is true about ectotherms (cold-blooded animals)?

internal body temperature fluctuates with changing environment temperatures

The urethra ________.

is a tube that conveys both urine and semen

What organs are involved in the respiratory system?

lungs

Which of the following is NOT part of your innate immune system?

lymphocytes

Where does digestion begin?

mouth

Allows for movement?

muscular system

Response to a stimulus, such that the effect of the stimulus is counteracted, is called a ________ feedback.

negative

At the cellular level the nervous system uses cells called_?

neurons

Food must be broken down so that your body can get ..............................?

nutrients

Your brain is an example of what level of structural hierarchy?

organ

Where does fertilization take place?

oviduct

The release of an egg from an ovary is called ________.

ovulation

What is the function of the heart?

pump blood

Major role in gas exchange?

respiratory system

Tissues are made up of ________ that work together to perform a function.

similar cells

Supports the body with structure?

skeletal system

Which of the following is the body's first line of defense against a pathogen?

skin and mucus membranes

If the most important function of the digestive system is the absorption of nutrients, which one organ is primarily responsible?

small intestine

Absorption of water involves which of the following organs?

stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), kidneys

What organs are the actual male and female gonads?

testes in males and ovaries in females

Which of the following options lists the structural elements of organisms in the correct order, from smallest to largest?

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

The correct chromosome number for a human is?

46

What would happen if the body did not produce glucagon?

Cells of the body would not release glucose into the blood stream when glucose levels were low in the blood stream.

Match the correct structure with its correct tissue.

Neurons make up the nervous tissue.

What is the correct hierarchy of organization, from biggest to smallest, in your body?

Organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell

What is the role of the epiglottis?

Prevents food from entering the windpipe

Which of the following describe the integumentary system?

Skin, nails, hair

Which medication prevents viral infections by priming the immune system against a specific virus?

Vaccines

What are hormones?

chemical signals that are produced by endocrine tissue that are transported by the bloodstream to other parts of the body (target cells).

Arrange the following parts of your body into a logical hierarchy:

circulatory system, heart, cardiac muscle, cardiac cell OR cardiac cell, cardiac muscle, heart, circulatory system

The respiratory system involves intake of ................. and release of .......................?

oxygen... carbon dioxide