BIO EXAM TWO

A point mutation that does not result in a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein is called a _____. A. silent mutation B. missense mutation C. nonsense mutation D. frameshift mutation

a

During DNA replication, the function of the primase enzyme is to: A. synthesize small RNA fragments B. unwind the parent DNA molecule C. locate the origin of replication D. stabilize single-stranded DNA

a

How many base pairs are represented in the DNA sequence below? 5'-CCGATCAAG-3' 3'-GGCTAGTTC-5': A. 9 base pairs B. 18 base pairs C. 4 base pairs D. 27 base pairs

a

How many chromosomes are in a human somatic cell? A. 46 B. 92 C. 2 D. 23

a

What is the correct term for a figure that displays all of the chromosomes of an organism arranged in an ordered array?: A. karyotype B. phenotype C. genotype D. genome E. chromatin

a

When a human somatic cell divides by mitosis, how many chromosomes are in each of the daughter cells?: A. 46 B. 2 C. 23 D. 92

a

Select all correct answers. Which of the following cell types are gametes?: A. Sperm B. Egg C. Somatic cell D. Zygote E. Germ Cell

a,b

Select all correct answers. A frameshift mutation could result from: A. insertion of a single base in the coding sequence. B. insertion of two bases in the coding sequence. C. deletion of two bases in the middle of an intron. D. deletion of three bases in the coding sequence. E. deletion of a single base in the coding sequence

a,b,e

During DNA replication, nucleotides are added to new DNA molecules (daughter strands) at the: A. 3' end of the leading strand B. 5' end of the lagging strand C. 3' end of the lagging strand D. 5' end of the leading strand

a,c

Select all correct answers. Which of the following events occur during interphase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?: A. Cell growth B. Separation of chromosomes C. Replication of the genome D. Division of the cytoplasm

a,c

A eukaryotic chromosome is composed of 60% proteins and 40% DNA. The name of this large molecular complex is: A. kinetochore B. chromatin C. chromatid D. centromere E. histone

b

A typical prokaryotic chromosome has ____ origin(s) of replication, and a typical eukaryotic chromosome has ____ origin(s) of replication.: A. one; one B. one; multiple C. multiple; multiple D. one; two E. multiple; one

b

After replication, sister chromatids are held together by a protein called: A. nucleosome B. cohesin C. chromatin D. histone

b

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is caused when a segment of chromosome 9 and a segment of chromosome 22 both break off and switch places. How is this mutation classified?: A. duplication B. translocation C. inversion D. deletion

b

During cell division, spindle fibers attach to: A. cohesin proteins B. kinetochore proteins C. telomere DNA D. centromere DNA

b

Select all correct answers. A point mutation may be introduced into a gene during the process of: A. translation B. replication C. transcription

b

The division of a eukaryotic cell's cytoplasm is known as: A. binary fission B. cytokinesis C. cell fission D. both cytokinesis and mitosis E. mitosis

b

The two "halves" of a chromosome are: A. homologous chromosomes B. sister chromatids C. alleles D. genomes

b

Select all statements that are correct about the two chromosomes that are numbered in a karyotype: A. These two chromosomes are called sister chromatids. B. These two chromosomes are called homologous chromosomes. C. These two chromosomes contain completely different genes. D. These two chromosomes contain the same genes in a different order. E. These two chromosomes contain the same genes in the same order.

b, e

Select all correct answers. A point mutation may have no effect on an organism if: A. it only occur in germ cells. B. it occurs in a non-coding region of DNA. C. it results in a different codon for the same amino acid. D. it only occurs in somatic cells. E. it introduces a new codon that codes for an amino acid that is the same size as the one coded for by the original codon.

b,c

Select all correct answers. Which of the following cell types are diploid?: A. Sperm B. Germ Cell C. Somatic cell D. Egg E. Zygote

b,c,e

A single replication bubble has ____ replication fork(s).: A. more than 4 B. 1 C. 2 D. 4

c

During cell division, what components of the cytoskeleton bind to the chromosomes via kinetochore proteins?: A. Centromeres B. Microfilaments C. Microtubules D. Histone proteins

c

How does the nucleus of a cell in G2 differ from the nucleus of the same cell in G1?: A. The G2 nucleus has half the amount of DNA as the G1 nucleus. B. The G2 nucleus has half the number of chromosomes as the G1 nucleus. C. The G2 nucleus has twice the amount of DNA as the G1 nucleus. D. The G2 nucleus has twice the number of chromosomes as the G1 nucleus.

c

How many chromosomes are in a human gamete (egg or sperm cell)?: A. 1 B. 22 C. 23 D. 46 E. 0

c

How many chromosomes are in a human sperm cell?: A. 46 B. 2 C. 23 D. 92

c

Point mutations that cause amino acid replacements are called _____.: A. chromosomal mutations B. frameshift mutations C. missense mutations D. silent mutations E. nonsense mutations

c

Replication of a eukaryotic chromosome begins at: A. both telomeres B. the centromere C. multiple origins of replication D. a single origin of replication E. one of the telomeres

c

The protein that holds together sister chromatids is called: A. tubulin B. the kinetochore C. cohesin D. a spindle fiber

c

Bacteria typically have _______, whereas eukaryotes have _______.: A. one linear chromosome; multiple circular chromosomes B. several circular chromosomes; multiple linear chromosomes C. two linear chromosomes; multiple linear chromosomes D. one circular chromosome; multiple linear chromosomes

d

In eukaryotes, the process that is used to produce gametes is called _________.: A. mitosis B. fertilization C. binary fission D. meiosis

d

The separation of sister chromatids in a eukaryotic cell: A. immediately precedes replication. B. cannot happen. C. is called cytokinesis. D. is called mitosis. E. occurs in the S phase.

d

What enzyme catalyzes the formation of new phosphodiester bonds during DNA replication?: A. Helicase B. RNA polymerase C. Primase D. DNA polymerase

d

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of structures in order of increasing size, from smallest to largest?: A. genome, nucleotide , gene, chromosome B. nucleotide , gene, genome, chromosome C. genome, chromosome, gene, nucleotide D. chromosome, genome, gene, nucleotide E. nucleotide , gene, chromosome, genome F. chromosome, gene, genome, nucleotide

e

T/F: Humans have more genes than any other organism.

f

T/F: Organisms that are large and complex always have larger genomes than small, simple organisms

f