Bio final 1240

Cells that lack nuclear membranes and other membranous organelles are correctly characterized as: A. Unicellular B. Prokaryotic C. Nonmembranokaryotic D. Eukaryotic E. Antibacterial

B

The Krebs (citric acid) cycle is directly involved in the formation of A. Energy (ATP) B. Carbon dioxide C. Oxygen D. A & B E. A, B, & C

D

Of the following types of plant tissues, which has cells with the thinnest cell wall? A. Parenchyma B. Collenchyma C. Selerenchyma D. Epidermal

A

Which of the following is part of the First Law of Thermodynamics? A. Energy cannot be created or destroyed B. The entropy of the universe is decreasing C. The entropy of the universe is constant D. Energy cannot be transferred E. Energy cannot be transformed

A

Which of the following is/are the location(s) of the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)? A. Mitochondria B. Chloroplasts C. Cytoplasm (cytosol) D. Nucleus E. A & C

A

Which of the following represents the sequence of events during mitosis? A. Prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase B. Interphase - anaphase - metaphase - telophase C. Anaphase - telophase - metaphase - interphase D. Interphase - prophase - anaphase - metaphase E. Metaphase - telophase - anaphase - prophase

A

Which of the following solutions has the greatest concentration of hydrogen ions? A. Gastric juice at pH 2 B. Vinegar at pH 3 C. Tomatoes at pH 4 D. Black coffee at pH 5 E. Seawater at pH 8

A

Which of the following would move easily through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane? A. CO2 B. An amino acid C. Glucose D. K+ E. Starch

A

A basketball player running down the court is exhibiting A. Potential energy B. Kinetic energy C. Enzymatic activity D. Creation of new energy E. An endergonic reaction

B

A certain neutral atom has a total of 14 electrons. The atomic number of this element is A. 7 B. 14 C. 21 D. 28

B

Because nervous tissue is found throughout the body, it is considered to be a type of connective tissue A. True B. False

B

A covalent bond between two atoms is most likely to be polar if A. One of the atoms is much more electronegative than the other B. The two atoms are equally electronegative C. The twos atoms are of the same element D. The electrons are shared equally E. The electrons of the component atoms are of different masses

A

All plants have apical meristems A. True B. False

A

Carrier proteins in the plasma membrane are NOT required for A. Simple diffusion B. Facilitated diffusion C. Active transport D. B & C E. A, B, & C

A

Electron transport systems in photosynthetic cells are located in the ____. A. Thylakoid membranes B. Mesophyll cells C. Bundle sheath cells D. Chlorophyll molecules E. Carotenoids

A

For simple diffusion to occur, which of the following MUST be present? A. A concentration gradient B. A selectively permeable membrane C. A temperature gradient D. A solution

A

Give a function of the Allantois? A. Store nitrogenous waste B. Stores water C. Main site of gas exchange D. Stores nutrients E. Contains the egg shell

A

In a comparison of two solutions, the solution with the higher solute concentration is said to be A. Hypertonic B. Monotonic C. Isotonic D. Hypotonic E. Catatonic

A

In electrically neutral atoms, the number of protons: A. Is equal to the number of electrons B. Is greater than the mass number C. Is less than the number of electrons D. Is zero E. Is greater than 100

A

In order for cells to perform biological work, a source of energy is required. Which of the following represents the molecule that serves as the immediate source of energy to perform cellular work? A. ATP B. NAD+ C. FAD D. Glucose E. O2

A

Of the following types of muscle, which is/are attached directly or indirectly to bones? A. Skeletal B. Smooth C. Cardiac D. All of the above E. None of the above

A

Redox reactions are important in the study of metabolism because they represent ___ transfers. A. Energy B. Entropy C. Proton D. Neutron

A

Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control, which means that you can choose to contract (or not contract) them A. True B. False

A

The only location of ___ is in the ___ A. Cardiac muscle; heart B. Nervous tissue; brain C. Smooth muscle; stomach D. Skeletal muscle; legs E. Cartilage; tip of the nose

A

The organelles which synthesize ATP (i.e., are responsible for energy conversions) are A. Mitochondria B. Ribosomes C. Centrioles D. A & B E. A, B, & C

A

The term "archenteron" refers to the developing A. Gut B. Skeleton C. Connective tissue D. Nerve tube E. Skin

A

Triglycerides (or triaglycerols) are synthesized from A. Fatty acids and glycerol B. Polysaccharides and glycerol C. Fatty acids, glycerol, and a phosphate group D. Fatty acids and glycogen

A

Waxy substances such as cutin and suberin are secreted by certain plant cells in order to A. Reduce water loss B. Increase heat loss C. Increase oxygen incorporation into water D. Prevent photosynthesis E. Reduce carbon dioxide emissions

A

Where do the light-independent (Calvin Cycle) reactions of photosynthesis take place? A. Stroma of the chloroplast B. Thylakoid membranes C. Cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast D. Chlorophyll molecules E. Outer membrane of the chloroplast

A

Which of the following could indicate that facilitated diffusion was taking place? A. A substance was diffusing much faster than expected B. Substances were moving against the concentration gradient C. ATP was being consumed rapidly as the substance moved D. A substance was moving from a region of lower concentration into a region of higher concentration E. None of the above

A

ATP and NADPH are used and glucose is formed from carbon dioxide during the ____ phase of photosynthesis A. Light-dependent B. Light-independent C. Pigment producing D. Regeneration E. Reproductive

B

For a single molecule of pyruvate that enters the series of reactions known as the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, ____ molecule(s) of CO2, and ___ molecule(s) of NADH are produced A. 2; 2 B. 1; 1 C. 1; 2 D. 2; 1 E. 0; 1

B

From the choices below, what germ layer best fits the origin of muscle? A. Yolk B. Mesoderm C. Ectoderm D. Endoderm E. Gastrula

B

In 100 mL of a 1.5% lactose solution A. 98.5% is a lactose B. 1.5 g of lactose is present C. 100% is solvent D. 100g of water are present

B

In aerobic respiration, water is an end product of the reactions most closely associated with A. The formation of acetyl CoA B. The electron transport system C. Glycolysis D. The citric acid cycle E. None of the proceeding

B

Most animals, the sperm and egg contribute an equal ___ to the zygote A. Amount of cytoplasm B. Number of chromosomes C. Number of enzymes D. Number of mitochondria E. Number of ribosomes

B

Most of a plant's body is composed of this complex tissue A. Parenchyma B. Ground tissue C. Xylem D. Collenchyma E. Epidermis

B

Of the following, which is the most important role of exocytosis? A. To move away from danger B. To release substances from the cell C. To incorporate nutrients D. To pump protons E. To create new cells

B

Polymerization reactions that produce macromolecules are called ___ reactions. A. Hydrolysis B. Condensation C. Deamination D. Animation E. Hydroxylation

B

The formation of the germ cells is termed A. Oogenesis B. Gametogenesis C. Spermatogenesis D. Eggogenesis E. Evolution

B

Which atom(s) would gain electrons if sodium (atomic # - 11) and fluorine (atomic # - 9) were to combine chemically? A. Sodium only B. Fluorine only C. Both sodium and fluorine D. Neither sodium nor fluorine

B

Which metabolic process is most closely associated with mitochondrial membranes? A. Glycolysis B. Electron transport/ chemiosmosis C. CO2 production D. The Krebs Cycle E. Ethanolic fermentation

B

Which of the following is an example of a hydrogen bond? A. The bond between C and H in methane (CH4). B. The attraction between the H of one water molecule and the O of another water molecule C. The bond between two hydrogen atoms in a single water molecule D. The bond between Na and Cl in ordinary table salt E. A, B, & C

B

Which of the following is true for exergonic reactions? A. The products have more free energy than the reactants B. The products have less free energy than the reactants C. Reactants will always be converted to carbon dioxide and water D. Energy from the surroundings is required throughout the reaction E. The reactions upgrade the chemical energy in the products at the expense of energy from the surroundings

B

Which of the following organelles function(s) in protein synthesis? A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum B. Ribosomes C. Mitochondria D. Lysosomes E. Vacuoles

B

Which of the following processes require a net (overall) input of energy? A. Glycolysis B. ATP synthesis C. Electron transport chain D. Formation of acetyl CoA E. Aerobic respiration

B

Which of the following represents the reduced state of the molecule? A. NAD+ B. NADH C. CO2 D. H2

B

Which of the following statements is true regarding the process of fermentation? A. It produces ATP molecules in addition to those produced by glycolysis B. It involves the oxidation of NADH and the reduction of pyruvate C. It requires the presence of sufficient quantities of O2. D. It extracts more energy per molecule of glucose than does aerobic respiration

B

A force of attraction between atoms A. Is important in nonliving systems but is unimportant in living systems B. Is the fundamental unit of living things C. Is a definition of a chemical bond D. Is the definition of a molecule

C

P700 and P680 photosystem reaction centers differ in their A. Functions in the dark reactions B. Carotenoid content C. Absorption spectra D. Mitochondrial reactions E. Mesophyll content

C

Phospholipids are A. Amphipathic B. Components of membranes C. Both A & B D. Neither A nor B

C

The ___ is responsible for the separation of the chromosomes during __ of mitosis A. Cell wall; anaphase B. Flagellum; metaphase C. Mitotic spindle; anaphase D. Kinetochore; prophase E. Centromere; telophase

C

The energy of activation for a chemical reaction is A. Equal to the free energy of the products minus the free energy of the reactants B. The amount of energy that must be removed from the reaction so that the reaction can begin C. The amount of energy that is required to start the reaction D. Equal to the first energy of the products plus the free energy of the reactants E. Equal to the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction

C

This animal tissue is only one cell layer thick and contains cells that are much taller than they are wide A. Simple stratified epithelium B. Cartilage C. Simple columnar epithelium D. Stratified cuboidal epithelium E. Nervous tissue

C

Which of the following consists of a hollow ball of cells? A. Gastrula B. Morula C. Blastula D. Blastocoel E. Zygote

C

Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis? A. NADH B. Pyruvate C. CO2 D. ATP

C

Which of the following is released as a by-product of photosynthesis? A. Glucose B. Glycogen C. Oxygen D. Nitrogen E. Carbon dioxide

C

Which of the following types of cells in a typical leaf contain the greatest number of chloroplasts and are therefore most important in the light capturing process of photosynthesis? A. Epidermis B. Epithelium C. Mesophyll D. Vascular E. All the above are equally important

C

Which two groups are found in all amino acids? A. Amino and sulfhydryl B. Carbonyl and carboxyl C. Carboxyl and amino D. Alcohol and aldehyde E. Ketone and amino

C

Carbon is an element that is essential to life due to which of the following properties? A. The bonding of carbon to carbon is relatively weak B. Carbon atoms can form single, double, and triple covalent bonds with other atoms C. Carbon atoms can form an enormous variety of structures D. Two of the above are correct statements E. All of the above are correct statements

D

In a phospholipid bilayer, ____ fatty acid tails face each other within the bilayer and form a region that excludes water A. Hypertonic B. Hypotonic C. Hydrophilic D. Nonpolar E. Polar & ionic

D

In echinodrerms (sea urchins and starfish), the fast block to polyspermy involves the A. Release of inhibitors of acrosomal enzymes B. Synthesis of a new sperm-resistant membrane C. Accumulation of calcium ions in the acrosome D. Opening of ion channels that result in an electrical "shock" to the egg membrane E. Destruction of excess bindin receptors on the sperm

D

Which of the following molecules would you expect to contain at least one strongly hydrophobic region? A. Phospholipids B. Integral proteins C. Peripheral proteins D. A & B E. A, B, & C

D

Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is NOT correct? A. Plants use cellular respiration to make ATP B. Animals use cellular respiration to make ATP C. Some bacteria use cellular respiration to make ATP D. Cellular respiration produces glucose, carbon dioxide, and water E. Cellular respiration is an overall exergonic process

D

During an acrosome reaction, the acrosome A. Forms a tube of actin which penetrates the egg B. Releases enzymes that digest the outer layer of the egg C. Secretes calcium ions, which cause the sperm to fuse with the egg D. Releases binding, which causes the sperm to bind to the egg E. Secretes a chemical that attracts the egg to the sperm

B

During which phase does crossing-over occur? A. Interphase B. Prophase I C. Metaphase I D. Prophase II e. metaphase II

B

Enzymes function by A. Contributing energy to an energy-required reaction B. Decreasing the amount of activation energy required for a reaction to begin C. Forming complexes with substances that would otherwise inhibit the reaction D. Becoming converted into the end products of the reaction E. None of the above

B

The primary function of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is to A. Produce energy rich glucose from carbon dioxide and water B. Produce energy rich ATP and NADPH C. Produce NADPH used in the electron transport chain D. Convert light energy to the chemical energy of G3P E. Use ATP to make glucose

B

A stack of thylakoid discs is known as A. The stroma B. The stomata C. A granum D. A vacuolar membrane E. The cristae

C

Cellular respiration involves the ___ cycle while photosynthesis involves the ___ cycle A. Krebs; citric acid B. Pyruvate; Calvin C. Krebs; Calvin D. Calvin; citric acid E. Calvin; Krebs

C

From one spermatogonium, you get ____ mature sperm cells A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 8 E. 16

C

From the choices below, give the best function for the amnion? A. Stores nutrient B. Stores waste products C. Stores water D. A site for gas exchange E. Makes red blood cells

C

From the choices below, what germ layer best fits the origin of the sensory systems? A. Pachyderm B. Endoderm C. Ectoderm D. Mesoderm E. Blastula

C

In a cell, a fuel molecule is oxidized through a complex series of reactions to supply the energy for movement of the cell's flagella. The type of energy transformation that allowed the flagella to move is A. Chemical to chemical B. Mechanical to chemical C. Chemical to mechanical D. Mechanical to mechanical E. Anabolic to catabolic

C

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides are A. Proteins B. Nucleic acids C. Carbohydrates D. Lipids E. None of these

C

The active site is A. The region of a plasma membrane where active transport occurs B. The region of a substrate molecule that reacts with an enzyme C. A region of an enzyme that reacts with a substrate molecule D. Another term for the enzyme-substrate complex

C

The monomers of nucleic acids are A. RNA & DNA B. 5-Carbon sugars C. Nucleotides D. A & B E. A, B, & C

C

The rate of a chemical reaction can be increased by A. Removing a catalyst B. Cooling the reaction C. Adding a catalyst D. Decreasing the concentration of reactants E. A & B

C

The specificity of enzymes is due primarily to A. The concentration of the substrate B. The concentration of the enzyme C. The shape of the active site D. The presence of coenzymes E. The amount of water present

C

A diagram of a cell had ten different organelles labeled, among which were the following: chromosomes, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from A. A bacterium B. An animal, but not a plant C. A plant, but not an animal D. A plant or an animal E. Any kind of organism

D

In plants, water transport is the function of ___, while sugar transport is the function of ___ A. Stems; leaves B. Phloem; xylem C. Roots; leaves D. Xylem; phloem E. Roots; stems

D

The action spectrum of photosynthesis indicates A. The wavelength of light absorbed by chlorophyll B. The number of electrons excited during photosynthesis C. The number of photons absorbed during photosynthesis D. The wavelengths of light that are utilized in photosynthesis E. None of the above

D

The chorion derives from what germ layer/layers? A. Ectoderm B. Mesoderm C. Endoderm D. Ectoderm & mesoderm E. Endoderm & mesoderm

D

The image to the right is at which stage of the cell cycle? A. Telophase B. Prophase C. Metaphase D. Anaphase E. G1

D

The kinetochore serves which of the following functions? A. Kinetochores anchor spindle fibers to the centrioles B. Kinetochores are the site of DNA synthesis C. Kinetochores regulate the length of the cell cycle D. Kinetochores attach to microtubules during mitosis E. Kinetochores are involved in cytokinesis

D

This is a characteristic of both facilitated diffusion and carrier-mediated active transport A. Uphill transport B. Movement down a concentration gradient C. ATP is necessary D. The presence of protein carriers E. Membrane invagination to form a phagocytic vacuole

D

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane? A. It regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell B. It serves as a work surface for a variety of important biochemical reactions C. It allows the transmission of information between the environment and the interior of the cell D. It acts as an impermeable barrier between the cell and its environment E. Each of the above is a function of the plasma membrane

D

You accidently jab your finger with a pin and react by jerking your hand away and quickly putting your finger into your mouth. What characteristic of life does this demonstrate? A. Cellular respiration B. Evolution C. Growth and development D. Responsiveness to stimuli E. Cellular organization

D

You have a hypothetical molecule ZX4. A small amount of this substance is placed in a large beaker of warm water and you observe that it dissolves completely. On the basis of this observation, you would be justified in concluding that ZX4 is a(n) ____ compound. A. Ionic B. Polar C. Nonpolar D. A or B could be correct

D

During which of the following stages of aerobic respiration is ATP produced? A. Glycolysis B. Krebs cycle C. ETS/Chemiosmosis D. A & B E. A, B, & C

E

If a cell is dividing by binary fission, then you know that A. Crossing-over has just taken place B. Homologous chromosomes have already paired C. The cell is an animal cell D. The cell cycle is out of control E. The cell is prokaryotic

E

In which of the following types of cells would you expect to find dendrites and axons? A. Muscle cells B. Chondrocytes C. Osteocytes D. Glial E. Neurons

E

Membrane proteins function as which of the following? A. Transmembrane transporters B. Enzymes C. Receptors D. Both A & C are correct E. A, B, & C are correct

E

Packed of light energy are called A. Protons B. Isotrons C. Croutons D. Exons E. Photons

E

The alpha helix and the beta pleated sheet are both common forms of the ___ level of protein structure produced by ____ bond(s) A. Primary; covalent B. Secondary; covalent, & ionic C. Tertiary; hydrogen D. Primary; ionic E. Secondary; hydrogen

E

The mitotic spindle is made of A. Collagen B. Actin C. Histones D. Keratin E. Microtubules

E

The ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms in carbohydrates is A. 2; 3 B. 1; 3 C. 1; 4 D. 1; 2 E. 2; 1

E

Which of the following is the correct sequence through which early development proceeds? A. Morule zygote gastrula blastula B. Zygote blastula morula gastrula C. Zygote blastula gastrula morula D. Zygote gastrula blastula morula E. Zygote morule blastula gastrula

E

Which of the following levels of biological organization includes all of the other choices? A. Nucleus B. Cell C. Tissue D. Organ E. Organ system

E

Which of the following molecules can be used as a substrate for cellular respiration? A. Glucose B. Fats C. Polysaccharides D. Proteins E. All of the above

E