Bio Final
Life arose from non-life around _________ years ago. a. 4 million b. 4 thousand c. 4 trillion d. 400 billion e. 4 billion
4 billion
Biologist W. D. Hamilton stated that the more closely related two individuals are: a. the more likely they are to act altruistically towards each other. b. the less likely they will be to mate with each other. c. the more likely they will disperse from each other at maturity. d. the more likely they will be competing for the same limited resources. e. All of the above are true.
the more likely they are to act altruistically towards each other.
The extinction that occurred on earth 65 million years ago was immediately followed by: a. an increase in atmospheric oxygen levels. b. the rise of archaea. c. the emergence of the first non-photosynthetic organisms. d. the rise of reptiles, including the dinosaurs. e. the rapid divergence and radiation of modern mammals.
the rapid divergence and radiation of modern mammals.
"Establishing a phylogeny for bacteria is more difficult than establishing a phylogeny for plants or animals." This statement is: a. correct because it is difficult to obtain enough morphological data from bacteria. b. correct because bacteria can engage in horizontal gene transfer. c. correct because of the quick generation time of bacteria. d. incorrect. Lateral gene transfer makes creating a phylogeny simpler. e. incorrect. The metabolic diversity of bacteria makes classification emerge almost automatically.
correct because bacteria can engage in horizontal gene transfer.
The most ancient branching point in the phylogeny of animals is the one that distinguishes between having: a. single cellularity and multicellularity. b. radial or bilateral symmetry. c. defined tissues or no tissues. d. growth by molting or by continuous additions. e. first gut opening develop into a mouth and first gut opening develop into an anus.
defined tissues or no tissues.
The biological species concept: a. states that any organisms that are biologically similar constitute a species. b. states that a species is any group that shares similar DNA. c. is infrequently used because it is inapplicable to many organisms. d. defines a species as any group of actually or potentially interbreeding species that produce viable offspring. e. is the best and most accurate species concept.
defines a species as any group of actually or potentially interbreeding species that produce viable offspring.
Classification is an important aspect of understanding and describing the many life forms on earth. In their classification scheme, biologists use different "ranks" that are more or less inclusive. Which of the following correctly lists these ranks from most to least inclusive? a. phylum, family, order, genus, species b. kingdom, order, class, genus, species c. domain, phylum, family, genus, species d. kingdom, domain, family, genus, species e. phylum, class, genus, family, species
domain, phylum, family, genus, species
All species are either ____________ or ______________. a. extant; extinct b. vertebrates; arthropods c. endangered; threatened d. higher; lower e. in a phylum; not in a phylum
extant; extinct
In birds, after fertilization but prior to the emergence of the chicks, the development of the fertilized egg is: a. dimorphic. b. internal. c. ignored by both parents. d. external. e. variable.
external
The phylum Platyhelminthes are more commonly known as: a. ribbon worms. b. mollusks. c. snails. d. earthworms. e. flatworms
flatworms
The current mass extinction is believed to be primarily caused by: a. plate tectonics. b. reduction in the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere. c. human actions. d. asteroid impact. e. rising sea levels.
human actions.
Which of the following best illustrates an instinctive behavior in cats? a. scratching at the door to get in or out b. hunting and killing c. knowing when it is time to get fed d. being afraid of dogs e. All of the above are instinctive behaviors in cats.
hunting and killing
All of the living organisms that we can see with the naked eye are: a. in the domain Eukarya. b. in the kingdom Eukarya. c. in the domain Archaea. d. in the kingdom Animalia. e. in the kingdom Plantae
in the domain Eukarya.
Behaviors that do not require environmental input for their development are called: a. learned behaviors. b. complex behaviors. c. reciprocal altruism. d. fixed action patterns. e. instincts.
instincts
Most species of animals are: a. invertebrates. b. marine dwelling. c. radially symmetrical. d. autotrophs. e. carnivores.
invertebrates.
A Phylogenetic tree: a. is a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships. b. can illustrate selection pressures that have acted on taxa. c. shows the similarities between different taxa. d. must be rooted to properly convey evolutionary relationships. e. shows the number of character changes that have occurred between taxa.
is a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships.
An honest signal: a. is a signal conveyed by dancing, singing, or speaking. b. is a signal, given when both the signaler and responder have the same interests, that can be faked. c. is a signal that cannot be communicated through language. d. is a signal, given when the signaler and responder have different interests, that cannot be faked. e. is a signal, given when both the signaler and responder have the same interests, that cannot be faked
is a signal, given when both the signaler and responder have the same interests, that cannot be faked
Most apparent acts of altruism in the animal kingdom have proved, on closer inspection, to be not truly altruistic. Instead, they have evolved as a consequence of either ______ or _____. a. kin selection; inclusive fitness b. reproductive investment; reciprocal altruism c. competition; courtship d. kin selection; reciprocal altruism e. monogamy; polygamy
kin selection; reciprocal altruism
The taxonomic rank that includes genera but not orders is: a. class. b. species. c. family. d. phylum. e. kingdom.
family
The more asymmetric the parental investment is between the sexes: a. the more radical we expect the sexual dimorphism to be, both physically and behaviorally. b. the more likely it is that a population's mating system is monogamy. c. the more likely it is that the species in question is a bird species. d. the more likely it is that the individuals of the population are long-lived. e. a) and c) are both true.
the more radical we expect the sexual dimorphism to be, both physically and behaviorally.
An animal will preferentially feed on: a. the largest prey it can find. b. the prey that provides the most calories relative to the size of the prey. c. the smallest prey it can find. d. the prey that provides the most calories relative to the size of the predator. e. the prey that provides the most energy relative to effort.
the prey that provides the most energy relative to effort.
Some general evolutionary change trends in animals include: a. lower surface area to volume ratio, radial symmetry, mutualism with photosynthetic organisms. b. larger body size, bilateral symmetry, and growth by continuous addition to skeletal elements. c. bilateral symmetry, chitinous cell walls, ability to digest cellulose. d. radial symmetry, motility, filter feeding. e. greater surface area to volume ratio, radial symmetry, diffusion to move nutrients in the body.
larger body size, bilateral symmetry, and growth by continuous addition to skeletal elements.
Sponges of the phylum Porifera are sessile, meaning that they: a. live attached to a solid structure and do not move around. b. reproduce asexually. c. have both free-living and attached life stages. d. are parasitic and depend on their host for a constant supply of nutrients. e. have exoskeletons that they must shed as they grow larger.
live attached to a solid structure and do not move around.
Which of the following is NOT caused by bacteria? a. morning breath b. pneumonia c. malaria d. tuberculosis e. the taste of sourdough bread
malaria
The oldest prokaryotic fossils have been dated to: a. 1 billion years ago. b. 2 billion years ago. c. 4.6 billion years ago. d. 3.5 billion years ago. e. 2.5 billion years ago.
3.5 billion years ago.
What is the approximate age of the earth? a. 4.6 billion years b. 10 billion years c. 1.2 billion years d. 565 million years e. 285 million years
4.6 billion years
Polygamy and monogamy are two types of: a. kinship systems. b. mating systems. c. learned behaviors. d. dominance hierarchies. e. acoustical communications.
mating systems.
An optimal strategy for an animal in procuring food would involve all of the following EXCEPT: a. securing essential nutrients. b. maximizing the size of each prey item. c. minimizing the risk of predation during foraging and feeding. d. maximizing energy gained. e. minimizing energy expended.
maximizing the size of each prey item.
Which of the following molecules was NOT present in the prebiotic environment? a. methane (CH4) b. hydrogen sulfide (H2S) c. water (H20) d. ammonia (NH3) e. molecular oxygen (O2)
molecular oxygen (O2)
The sex with the greater energetic investment in reproduction will be _____________ when it comes to mating. a. less interested b. more discriminating c. more competitive d. less discriminating e. more exhaustive
more discriminating
In general, which of the following is the best way to distinguish males from females? a. Males are more brightly colored. b. Males produce motile gametes. c. Males are larger. d. Males are more aggressive. e. All of the above are correct.
Males produce motile gametes.
The human disease filariasis is caused by worms from which phylum? a. Mollusca b. Cnidaria c. Nematoda d. Platyhelminthes e. Annelida
Nematoda
Which of the following is TRUE about bacteria? a. Aerobic bacteria are mostly responsible for the bad breath people have in early morning. b. Only a small fraction of bacteria cause disease. c. Concerning biomass, only plants exceed bacteria in their total biomass on earth. d. Bacteria are unwelcome guests in all aspects of human food production. e. Because the human mouth is so inhospitable, only a few species of bacteria can live there.
Only a small fraction of bacteria cause disease.
Which animal phylum lacks true tissues? a. Annelida (segmented worms) b. Porifera (sponges) c. Cnidaria (jellies, corals, and their relatives) d. Nematoda (roundworms) e. Platyhelminthes(flatworms)
Porifera (sponges)
_________________ isolating mechanisms include hybrid mortality and hybrid infertility. a. Postzygotic b. Prezygotic c. Sympatric d. Barrier e. Biochemical
Postzygotic
Exclusive male parental care is much more prevalent in fish than in mammals because: a. both male and female fish lactate. b. fish do not have the option of raising young in a defended nest site or den. c. fish are less intelligent and so do not develop pair bonds. d. most fish reproduce by external fertilization while most mammals do not. e. fish are less likely to live in habitats with high-quality resources.
most fish reproduce by external fertilization while most mammals do not.
Why is the goose rolling a beer can back to her nest? a. She's a silly goose. b. She's using the beer can as part of the nest border to protect the eggs. c. She's trying to get nutrition from any source she can. d. She's exhibiting a fixed action pattern that directs her to retrieve any item that even vaguely resembles an egg. e. She's a first-time mother and is in the process of learning the difference between eggs and non-eggs.
She's exhibiting a fixed action pattern that directs her to retrieve any item that even vaguely resembles an egg.
_________________ produces new species and _________________ takes them away. a. Background extinction; mass extinction b. gradual change; punctuated equilibrium c. Convergent evolution; extinction d. Speciation; extinction e. Extinction; speciation
Speciation; extinction
Usually the female is more discriminating than the male when it comes to mating. However, in bush crickets, the opposite is the case. Why is this? a. Male bush crickets are prettier than female bush crickets. b. A male bush cricket must bring the female a large offering of food in order for the female to accept him as a mate. c. The male contributes a massive amount of energy to the female during mating—his ejaculate makes up about one-fourth of his body weight. d. Male bush crickets have tremendous variation in the desirability of their territories. e. Male bush crickets accept the newly fertilized zygotes from the female and incubate them.
The male contributes a massive amount of energy to the female during mating—his ejaculate makes up about one-fourth of his body weight.
In a polygynous mating system: a. multiple females tend to mate with the same male. b. neither males nor females provide parental care beyond gestation and lactation. c. many females are unable to secure a mate. d. variance in female reproductive success is greater than variance in male reproductive success. e. parental care is predominantly by the father.
multiple females tend to mate with the same male.
In a polyandrous mating system: a. multiple males tend to mate with the same female. b. sexual monomorphism is expected. c. male-male competition is common. d. multiple females tend to mate with the same male. e. males tend to compete for access to females.
multiple males tend to mate with the same female.
When a goose spots an egg outside of its nest, the goose gets out of the nest and rolls the egg back. Once started, a goose continues the egg-retrieval movement all the way back to the nest, even if the egg is taken away during the process. This is called: a. a fixed action pattern. b. ornithological canalization. c. prepared learning. d. step-wise reproductive collaboration. e. supernormal stimulus
a fixed action pattern
From an evolutionary perspective, behavior can be viewed best as: a. not subject to the normal evolutionary process because it involves a neurological system. b. a trait that can satisfy the three conditions required for evolution by natural selection. c. something that is too complex to arise through natural selection. d. Both b) and c) are correct. e. All of the above are correct.
a trait that can satisfy the three conditions required for evolution by natural selection.
The honeycreepers are a group of Hawaiian birds with many different species that all evolved from a single species that migrated from the Americas. The speciation of the honeycreepers is most likely to be an example of which pattern of evolution? a. autopolyploidy b. allopolyploidy c. convergent evolution d. adaptive radiation e. convergent radiation
adaptive radiation
In a set class of experiments performed in the early 1950's, Urey and Miller subjected an experimental system composed of H2, CH4 (methane), and NH4 (ammonia) to electrical sparks. A few days later, they found _______ in their system. a. cells b. rRNA c. DNA d. tRNA e. amino acids
amino acids
Which of the following short descriptions best describes the body plan of modern sponges? a. an aggregation of cells built around a water canal system b. a complete gut with an anterior mouth and posterior anus c. a complete gut with one opening serving as both mouth and anus d. a mouth connected to a blind sac in which digestion occurs e. an aggregation of cells in a random arrangement
an aggregation of cells built around a water canal system
Polygynous species: a. are usually sexually monomorphic. b. are usually sexually dimorphic, with males larger and more highly ornamented. c. are more commonly found in birds than in mammals. d. usually employ external fertilization. e. are usually sexually dimorphic, with females larger and more highly ornamented.
are usually sexually dimorphic, with females larger and more highly ornamented.
Which of the following is a pair of closely related homologous features? a. bear paw and bat wing b. bear paw and blue jay wing c. snout of African golden mole and snout of North American mole d. butterfly wing and blue jay wing e. cactus spine and porcupine quill
bear paw and bat wing
In amphibians, it is generally the case that: a. both males and females invest significant energy in the care of offspring, but the female invests more. b. both males and females invest significant and equal energy in the care of offspring. c. neither the female nor the male invest much energy in the care of offspring. d. the male invests more energy in the care of offspring than does the female. e. the female invests more energy in the care of offspring than does the male.
neither the female nor the male invest much energy in the care of offspring.
Kin selection theory would lead us to predict that: a. children in stepfamilies are injured more frequently than those living with their biological families. b. children in stepfamilies are injured at exactly the same frequency as those living with their biological families. c. children in stepfamilies are injured less frequently than those living with their biological families. d. children in stepfamilies are less likely to engage in sexual activities with their family members than children living with their biological families. e. None of the above; kin selection theory cannot make predictions about human behavior.
children in stepfamilies are injured more frequently than those living with their biological families.
Homo sapiens is the name of a species. Homo is the name of a genus. Hominidae is the name of a family. Primate is the name of an order. Mammal is the name of a: a. phylum. b. domain. c. variety. d. class. e. kingdom
class
All cnidarians have tentacles that are armed with rows of stinging: a. cnidocysts. b. medusae. c. epidermal cells. d. polyps. e. collar cells.
cnidocysts
Molecules released by an individual into the environment that trigger behavioral responses in other individuals are called: a. rubiscos. b. pheromones. c. alarm signals. d. phospholipids. e. language.
pheromones.
Polyploidy as a mechanism of speciation occurs most commonly in which of the following life forms? a. polychaete worms b. fungi c. plants d. salamanders e. molluscs
plants
A single breeding male red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoneiceus) may mate with several females, but each female usually mates with only one male. This type of mating system is known as: a. polygynandry. b. polyandry. c. monogamy. d. polygyny e. serial monogamy.
polygyny
Two types of polygamy are: a. kin selection and reciprocal altruism. b. polygyny and polyandry. c. polygyny and monogamy. d. internal and external. e. isogamy and anisogamy
polygyny and polyandry
In a species such as elephant seals, in which males are significantly larger than females, the most likely mating system is: a. polyandry. b. promiscuity. c. monogamy. d. It is impossible to predict the mating system with only this information. e. polygyny.
polygyny.
Applying what you know about punctuated equilibrium versus gradualism, which method of speciation is most likely to lead to punctuated equilibrium? a. convergent evolution b. geographic isolation c. allopatric speciation d. polyploidy e. reproductive isolation
polyploidy
Behaviors that are learned easily and by all (or nearly all) individuals in a species are called: a. reciprocal altruism. b. prepared learning. c. fixed action patterns. d. instincts. e. innate behaviors
prepared learning
In one sense, microevolution is _______________ and macroevolution is _______________. a. punctuated; random b. process; result c. gradual; punctuated d. result; process e. adaptive; innovative
process; result
The vast majority of invertebrates are: a. parasitic. b. protostomes. c. terrestrial. d. evolutionarily primitive. e. carnivores.
protostomes.
The pace of evolution in which there is little change for long periods of time interrupted by short periods with major changes is called: a. adaptive radiation. b. punctuated equilibrium. c. macroevolution. d. microevolution. e. convergent evolution.
punctuated equilibrium.
Mate guarding is a reproductive tactic that functions to: a. reduce paternity uncertainty. b. increase the female's investment in the offspring. c. reduce the male's reproductive investment. d. reduce the female's fitness. e. increase the number of mates to which a male has access.
reduce paternity uncertainty.
When the female silkworm moth is ready to mate, she: a. finds males by following the chemical signals they emit. b. releases a potent chemical into the air. c. creates a series of sounds recognizable by the male silkworm moth. d. lifts her wings to reveal the mating pattern underneath. e. performs a nuptial dance.
releases a potent chemical into the air.
The energy that a parent puts into the growth, feeding, and care of offspring is called: a. reproductive investment. b. the mating system. c. reproductive success. d. kin selection. e. total reproductive output.
reproductive investment.
The biological species concept is primarily based on: a. behavioral differentiation. b. reproductive isolation. c. phylogenetic history. d. ecological niche. e. morphological differentiation.
reproductive isolation.
All living organisms have evolved from a single common ancestor. The existence of which molecule lends the greatest support to this statement? a. phospholipids b. ribosomal RNA c. transfer RNA d. DNA e. messenger RNA
ribosomal RNA
Populations of Larus gulls around the North Pole show an unusual pattern of reproductive isolation. Each population is able to interbreed with its neighboring populations, but populations separated by larger geographic distances are not able to interbreed. This type of species complex is known as a: a. ring species. b. circular species. c. contiguous species. d. linked species. e. peripatric species.
ring species.
Kin selection is defined as: a. selection for a behavior that raises an individual's own chances of survival or reproduction, as well as those of a related individual. b. selection for a behavior that lowers an individual's own chances of survival or reproduction, but raises those of a relative. c. selection for a behavior that lowers an individual's own chances of survival or reproduction, but raises those of another individual who may be reciprocally altruistic. d. selection that operates not just on one individual, but on all of its relatives as well. e. None of the above is correct.
selection for a behavior that lowers an individual's own chances of survival or reproduction, but raises those of a relative.
When the sexes of a species differ in size or appearance, it is called: a. sexual dimorphism. b. the mating system. c. sexism. d. variance in reproductive success. e. polygamy.
sexual dimorphism
Researchers have found that mixtures of phospholipids placed in water or salt solutions tend to spontaneously form: a. RNA molecules. b. DNA molecules. c. prokaryotic organisms. d. small spherical units that resemble living cells. e. methane.
small spherical units that resemble living cells.
A population of organisms that breaks away and becomes different from the original population through isolation and separate evolution might eventually become a separate: a. class. b. genus. c. order. d. phylum. e. species.
species
Collar cells are found in: a. segmented worms. b. sponges. c. cnidarians. d. flatworms. e. nematodes.
sponges
Speciation without geographic isolation is called: a. sympatric speciation. b. parapatric speciation. c. saintpatric speciation. d. autopatric speciation. e. allopatric speciation.
sympatric speciation
If two alleles exist at the same gene locus in a population, one for a selfish behavior and one for a selfless behavior, regardless of the initial frequencies, over time: a. the selfish behavior allele will increase its percentage in the population to near fixation. b. the two alleles will reach an equilibrium of 50%. c. the population size will decrease. d. the population size will increase. e. the selfless behavior allele will increase its percentage in the population to near fixation.
the selfish behavior allele will increase its percentage in the population to near fixation
Much of what is known about the history of the origin of life came from: a. written history. b. word of mouth. c. educated guesses. d. the study of fossils. e. None of the above; nothing is known about the history of the origin of life
the study of fossils.
Systematics is: a. the study of naming and assigning organisms. b. the evolutionary history of a specific organismal group. c. the study of the diversity of life to understand its evolutionary history. d. the practice of arranging organisms into a hierarchy. e. All of the above are correct.
the study of the diversity of life to understand its evolutionary history.
Vampire bats: a. exhibit reciprocal altruism but not kin selection. b. are unusual in that they are one of the few animal species that exhibits kin selection. c. will sometimes regurgitate blood into the mouth of another bat that is close to starving, but the likelihood of the bat doing this is a function of the degree of relatedness between the two individuals. d. There are no such things as vampire bats; they're from a Dracula novel. e. will sometimes regurgitate blood into the mouth of an unrelated bat that is close to starving.
will sometimes regurgitate blood into the mouth of another bat that is close to starving, but the likelihood of the bat doing this is a function of the degree of relatedness between the two individuals.
Which of the following is an example of a female mating with a male only after submitting him to a courtship ritual? a. A female frigate bird is attracted to the male with the brightest red chest feathers. b. A female black widow will only mate with a male that will mate guard her. c. A female arctic squirrel will mate with the male that controls the best territory. d. A female moth will mate with the same male for 24 hours. e. A female bowerbird will mate with a male only after inspecting the small thatched structure he has built for her.
A female bowerbird will mate with a male only after inspecting the small thatched structure he has built for her.
What is the ultimate explanation for modern human preference for fatty foods? a. When we eat fatty foods, taste receptors on our tongue are stimulated, sending an action potential to our brain triggering the "do-it-again" centers. Fatty foods have nine calories per gram, unlike carbohydrates and proteins, which have four calories b. per gram, and in our environment we need to maximize our caloric intake in order to maximize our fitness. c. Ancestral humans who preferred fatty foods were less likely to starve, leaving more offspring in the next generation. d. We do not actually prefer fatty foods; we prefer sugary foods. e. We like the way that lipid-rich foods taste.
Ancestral humans who preferred fatty foods were less likely to starve, leaving more offspring in the next generation.
Members of which of the following groups exhibit radial symmetry? a. Platyhelminthes b. Cnidaria c. Porifera d. Nematoda e. Mollusca
Cnidaria
_____________ is an action or signal on the part of one organism that alters the behavior of another organism. a. Language b. Courtship c. Visualization d. Deception e. Communication
Communication
Incest avoidance evolved in humans: a. because breeding among close relatives leads to a higher proportion of offspring with genetic defects and, consequently, reduced fitness. b. as part of a larger fixed action pattern. c. because many bees, wasps, and ants can inflict painful, and even fatal, stings and bites. d. because in early human societies, alliances could be achieved by marrying the chief's daughter to the son of the chief of a different tribe. e. because breeding among close relatives leads to a higher proportion of offspring with increased fitness.
because breeding among close relatives leads to a higher proportion of offspring with genetic defects and, consequently, reduced fitness.
Archaea and bacteria diverged: a. before archaea and eukarya diverged. b. after archaea and eukarya diverged. c. when archaea and eukarya diverged. d. after bacteria and eukarya diverged. e. before bacteria and eukarya diverged.
before archaea and eukarya diverged.
Monogamy, a relatively rare system outside of birds, evolves when: a. it is dangerous to compete for multiple mates. b. males compete for females who have higher parental investment. c. both males and females have low parental investment. d. both males and females have high and equal parental investment. e. females compete for males who have higher parental investment.
both males and females have high and equal parental investment
In black widow spider mating, the male ___________ and the female _______________. a. breaks off his sexual organ inside the female; kills and eats the male b. produces a copulatory plug; removes the copulatory plug c. mates with many females; mates with only one male d. is larger; is smaller e. brings the female a nuptial gift of food; decides whether to accept it
breaks off his sexual organ inside the female; kills and eats the male
Altruistic behavior in animals may be a result of kin selection, a theory maintaining that: a. genes are more likely to persist within a population when they cause behaviors that assist other animals who share those genes. b. companionship is advantageous to animals because in the future they can recognize those companions that helped them in the past and can request help from them once again. c. companionship is advantageous to animals because in the future they can recognize those companions that helped them in the past and can provide help to those individuals. d. aggression between sexes increases the survival and reproduction of the fittest individuals. e. aggression within sexes increases the survival and reproduction of the fittest individuals.
genes are more likely to persist within a population when they cause behaviors that assist other animals who share those genes.
The idea that evolutionary change is slow and continuous is BEST described as: a. microevolution b. geographic isolation c. gradual change d. speciation e. punctuated equilibrium
gradual change
Arguments that a morphological characteristic or behavior has evolved because it benefits the species or population are arguments for: a. kin selection. b. group selection. c. convergent evolution. d. artificial selection. e. reciprocal altruism
group selection
Because it is possible for a female to mate with multiple males, any of whom could be the father, male mammals and birds always: a. invest more in the care of the offspring. b. be the choosier sex in mating. c. have some degree of paternity uncertainty. d. invest less in the care of the offspring. e. mate with kin that they can trust.
have some degree of paternity uncertainty.
When a male fish defends his nest: a. he increases the percentage of eggs in the nest that he will fertilize. b. he insures that only he will fertilize the eggs in the nest. c. he only protects the eggs from predators. d. he only protects the females from predators. e. he ensures that fewer females will lay eggs in it.
he increases the percentage of eggs in the nest that he will fertilize.
Which of the following is a goose MOST LIKELY to retrieve first if found just outside her nest? a. a model egg that is larger than any other object near the nest b. a beer can c. a model egg that is more colorful than any other object near the nest d. her own egg e. an egg laid by another goose
her own egg
All mammals have hair because they inherited that trait from a common ancestor. Features that are inherited from a common ancestor are called: a. convergent features. b. analogous traits. c. monophyletic traits. d. homologous features. e. independent traits.
homologous features.
Acoustical communication includes all of the following EXCEPT: a. alarm calls. b. cricket chirps. c. honey bee waggle dance. d. bird song. e. territorial howling of wolves.
honey bee waggle dance.
Cross-cultural studies are important in studying behavioral biology because: a. they allow us to evaluate the hereditary component of behaviors by revealing behaviors that persist throughout different cultures. b. they reveal how unique human behaviors are from the behaviors of other animals. c. they allow us to determine the extent to which culture has shaped behavior. d. they reveal how diverse human biology is through the many distinct cultures that have developed through human history. e. they allow us to determine the extent to which cultural behaviors have shaped biology.
they allow us to evaluate the hereditary component of behaviors by revealing behaviors that persist throughout different cultures
Analogous features are problematic when constructing evolutionary trees because: a. they are monophyletic rather than convergent. b. they are the result of natural selection rather than of common ancestry. c. they are the result of common ancestry rather than of natural selection d. they are based on comparative anatomy rather than on embryology. e. they are based on DNA rather than on comparative anatomy.
they are the result of natural selection rather than of common ancestry.
The undersides of the arms of a sea star are carpeted with ___________________ that extend and contract in waves, grasping and releasing the substrate as the animal glides along. a. tube feet b. belly feet c. radialfeet d. cnidocysts e. radula
tube feet
How many life stages do cnidarians generally have? a. four b. two c. three d. one e. five
two
The waggle dance is: a. used for food location in honeybees. b. used for mate choice in black widow spiders. c. used for kin selection in Belding's ground squirrels. d. used for reciprocal altruism in vampire bats. e. used for mate choice in grebes.
used for food location in honeybees.
Sequencing DNA from different organisms has been a breakthrough for phylogenetics because: a. we can now build heat-tolerant animals. b. we now have a method to determine the relatedness of organisms that leave no fossils. c. it has reduced the impact of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. d. we can now recreate genomes from the past. e. All of the above are correct.
we now have a method to determine the relatedness of organisms that leave no fossils.