Bio Final‼️
A tissue is defined as
A group of cells that perform a unique set of tasks in the body.
An allele is _______.
A version of a gene
________immunity occurs when s individuals immune system responds to a pathogen and produced antibodies in response._________immunity occurs when an individual receives antibodies made by someone else.
Active; Passive
________transport of molecules across a selectively permeable membrane requires the input of energy from the cell whereas ________ transport of molecules across a selectively permeable membrane does not require the use of cellular energy
Active; Passive
When a group of organisms expands to take on new ecological roles and to form new species and higher taxonomic groups is
Adaptive Radiation
__________are any various non self markers fond on pathogens that mark them for destruction by antibodies.
Antigens
Scientist working for a major cosmetics company are attempting to determine if a new face cream can reduce the number of fine lines and wrinkles on a person's face. This is an example of
Applied research
Blood vessels that are designed to carry blood under high pressure are called_____________. Blood vessels that have thin porous walls are called _______.
Arteries; Capillaries
The pulmonary___________ carries __________ blood from the heart to the lungs.
Artery; oxygen poor
Chromosomes that are not involved in determining gender are known as
Autosomes
The structures that carry signals away from the cell body of a neuron are called___________.
Axons
A prejudice or opinion for or against something is called a
Bias
Prokaryotes typically reproduce by splitting in two through a process called__________
Binary fission
The variety of all the world's life forms as well as their interactions with each other and the ecosystem they inhabit is called
Biodiversity
Which term best describes the temperate deciduous forests that cover the northeastern United Stated including the Adirondack Mountains?
Biomes
The smallest and most basic unit of life is called the _______
Cell
In a evolutionary tree a given ancestor and all its descendants make up a ______________, or branch
Clade
If two different alleles for the same trait have an equal effect on the phenotype the alleles are _________.
Codominant
Observational studies that follow a particular group of individuals over a certain time period are _________ studies.
Cohort
Evolutionary tree diagrams representing the relationship between various organisms can be drawn only when those organisms share a
Common Ancestor
The group of subjects in an experiment that is maintained under a standard set of conditions with no change in the independent variable is the
Control group
__________contains information used to construct proteins
DNA
The allele that controls the phenotype when paired with a different allele in a heterozygote individual is _________
Dominant
Two copies of the same gene on a single chromosome would indicate a(n) ________ had occurred.
Duplication
The caves in upstate New York where Alan Hicks team first notice the deaths of thousands of bats represent the __________ where bats lived.
Ecosystem
The hormone producing tissues of animals make up the ___________ system.
Endocrine
A segment of DNA that codes for a distinct genetic characteristics is called a ________
Gene
The genetic makeup of an individual more specifically the two alleles of a given gene that affect a specific genetic trait in a given individual is the _________.
Genotype
Canid lupus is the scientific name for wolves. Canis refers to the ________ name.
Genus
The liquid portion of a human blood canny absorb enough to oxygen to meet the body's demands. However, ____________ in red blood cells greatly increased the oxygen carrying capacity of human blood.
Hemoglobin
____________is protection against diseases that is brought about by vaccination of a critical portion of a population.
Herd immunity
An individual that carries one copy of each of two alleles is an ___________.
Heterozygous
Air that is entering the lungs has a ___________ Concentration of ____________ in an alveolus
Higher; oxygen and a lower concentration of carbon than air
Living organisms maintain a constant internal environment by sensing and responding to their internal conditions. This stable maintenance of internal conditions is know as
Homeostasis
An individual that carries two copies of the same allele is a
Homozygote
The first steps of the scientific process typically include making an observation and forming a
Hypothesis
Memory cells
Include B cells and T cells that remain in the body for long periods of time after the first exposure to a pathogen
The body innately responds to tissue damage by mounting an immediate and coordinated sequence of events called the ________ response.
Inflammatory
The second highest hierarchical level in the organization of life is the
Kingdom
Every gene in a human occupies a specific position or __________ on a chromosome
Locus
A period of time during which a great number of Earth's species goes extinct is a called a
Mass extinction
A scientific paper that combined results from several cohort studies and a case control study would be considered a _________ analysis
Meta
Prokaryotes can convert nitrogen gas in the air into a form that plants can use through a process called _________.
Nitrogen fixation
The boundary that surrounds the contents of the nucleus is the _________
Nuclear envelope
Heterotrophic bacteria and arch seams that are decomposes are important in ____________.
Nutrient cycling
During the process of _________, water diffuses across a semipermeable membrane from an area where water is more concentrated to an area where water is less concentrated ( it moves along the water concentration gradient)
Osmosis
A _________ is a chart that shows genetic relationships within a family over several generations
Pedigree
When a white blood cell engulfs an entire bacterial cell by surrounding it with plasma membrane and bringing it into the cell in a vesicles the white blood cell is accomplishing ____________.
Phagocytosis
White blood c that engulf and destroy pathogens in a nonspecific manner are called ________
Phagocytosis
The specific version of a genetic trait that is displayed by a given individual is the______
Phenotype
Prokaryotes that are observe attaching onto non living surfaces most likely to possess_____________.
Pili
A researcher studying a group of individuals of the same species living and interacting in a shared environment is said to be working at the level of a
Population
A Punnett square is used to _________.
Predict the genotype and phenotype of a genetic cross
Peer reviewed scientific journals, technical reports, conference proceedings, and dissertation are considered _________ literature.
Primary
Claims that are characterized by scientific sounding statements, beliefs, or practices but are not actually based on the scientific method are properly viewed as__________.
Pseudoscience
Disease causing bacteria in a human behind to multiply rapidly when they sense that their numbers are high enough to overpower an immune response. This is possible because of _________.
Quorum sensing
An allele that does not affect the phenotype when paired with a dominant allele in a heterozygote is ________.
Recessive
An allele that is not expressed in heterozygous carriers is called an _____________ allele
Recessive
Most inherited human genetic disorders are inherited as ________ alleles.
Recessive
___________ gives an overview of scientific findings on a subject
Secondary literature
A ___________ is a unique feature common to all members of a group that originated in the groups most recent common ancestor and then were passed down in the group
Shared derived trait
Which of the following groups of characteristics defined prokaryotes?
Single celled, single loop of DNA, no membrane enclosed organelles, a sexual reproduction
In a _______response B cells and T cells only recognize one particular type of pathogen.
Specific
A nurse reports that a patient's blood pressure is 118/78. The top number in the reading is referred to as ______ and the bottom number is referred to as _______.
Systole; Dystole
The cells with which a hormone interacts are called ________ cells.
Target
In science when s hypothesis or group of hypotheses supported by repeated experimental evidence holds true through time it can be developed into a
Theory
__________thrive in extremely hot temperatures where nothing else can live.
Thermophiles
At the base of the evolutionary tree of all life is ________ Ancestor
Universal
Large blood vessels that return deoxygenated blood from the legs to the heart are ___________.
Veins
Which of the following genotypes represents a human male?
XY
If a bottle of perfume were spilled in the corner of a large lecture hall, the students sitting near that corner of the room would very quickly smell the perfume. Over time, the students sitting in the far corner of the room would smell the perfume. What phenomenon has occurred to the perfume molecules that have entered the air?
simple diffusion