Bio final review

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also called Lou Gehrig's disease, is a disorder in which motor neurons are destroyed. How would this disorder affect muscle function? A. Muscles are continually contracted because they do not receive a signal to relax. B.Muscles fail to contract because ATP is not available. C.Muscles are continually contracted because ATP is not available. D. Muscles fail to contract because they do not receive a signal to do so.

D

Huntington disease detrimentally influences motor coordination and personality, eventually leading to death. It is a genetic disorder based on autosomal dominant inheritance. For this disorder: A. Individuals with one copy of the dominant defective allele would be referred to as carriers. B. Individuals would need to have at minimum two copies of the dominant defective allele to express the disorder in their phenotype C. Individuals would need to have at minimum two copies of the defective recessive allele to express the disorder in their phenotype. D. Individuals would need to have at minimum one copy of the dominant defective allele to express the disorder in their phenotype

D

Once a week, Mary Ella goes on a 4-mile run before school. She burns 90 Calories per mile. On days that she runs, she treats herself to a chai tea (410 Calories) instead of black tea (0 calories). Assuming everything else in her diet is the same, predict how her weight will change. A. She will slowly lose weight B. She will quickly lose weight C. She will quickly gain weight D. She will slowly gain weight

D

Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins at acidic pH. Therefore, it must act in the _______. A. large intestine. B. mouth. C. small intestine. D. stomach

D

Which would be the primary target for ADH? A. ovaries B. mammary gland C. pancreas D. kidney

D

If the sequence of a DNA template is ATAGCT, the product transcribed is a single stranded ___ molecule with the sequence _____ A. RNA, UAUCGA B. RNA, ATAGCT C. DNA, TATCGA D. RNA, TATCGA

A

If you were trying to block an antibody that was causing an autoimmune disease in a patient, you would want to find a way to cover and inactivate the ______. A. variable region. B. base of the antibody molecule. C. constant region. D. heavy chain only.

A

If, for a study, you wanted to cause blood vessel dilation and swelling to mimic effects of innate immunity, you would want to inject A. histamine B. complement protein. C. interferon D. interleukin

A

In a process called ________, an army of plasma cells and memory cells are produced from stimulated B cells that recognize a pathogen. A. clonal selection B. recombination C. clonal deletion D. artificial selection

A

Patients with cardiovascular problems can be prescribed many different medications. Aspirin inhibits platelets, beta- blockers slow the heart rate, and diuretics cause the kidneys to release more water in the urine. Which drug(s) would be prescribed to a person who is at risk of forming a blood clot? A. aspirin B. a beta- blocker C. aspirin and a diuretic D. a diuretic

A

What is the purpose of a control in an experiment? A. Provides a basis for comparison B. Provides a small sample size C. Provides a large sample size D. Provides a wide range of variations in the independent variable

A

When people with celiac disease eat foods or use products containing gluten, their immune system responds by damaging or destroying villi. Which of the following symptoms would a person with celiac disease have? A. decreased absorption of nutrients B. increased acid in their intestines C. decreased peristalsis D. decreased bile in their intestines

A

Which is the best example of emergent properties? A. Welding metal together makes an office building B. Wearing glasses gives you better vision C.Tying strings together to make a longer strong D.Wearing cothes keeps you warmer

A

A molecule that stimulates an immune-system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a(n) _____.

ANTIGEN

A whole container of frozen yogurt contains four servings, and one serving alone has 4% daily value of fat. If you ate the whole container of frozen yogurt, you would be consuming what percent of the daily value of total fat? A. 4% B. 16% C.12% D. 0%

B

Mechanoreceptors respond to _____ stimuli. A. Pain B. Physical C. Light D. Chemical

B

The role of B cells in adaptive immunity is ________, versus the role of T cells in adaptive immunity is ________. A. to attack bad cells in cell-mediated immunity; to secrete antibodies in humoral immunity; B. to secrete antibodies in humoral immunity; to attack pathogenic cells in cell-mediated immunity C. to create antigens; to destroy antibodies D. to recognize a specific antigen; to recognize any antigen

B

When we break polymers into monomers we use this reaction: A. Neither B. Hydrolysis C. Dehydration synthesis

B

Which best describes how a neuron fires? A. K+ ions enter one end of the neuron and diffuse to the other end down the axon. B. Na+ ions cross the plasma membrane initiating a wave that travels down the axon. C. Neurotransmitters cross the plasma membrane creating a wave that travels down the axon.

B

Which is the main reason that an effective vaccine has not been produced for the HIV virus that causes AIDS? A. The virus reproduces very rapidly. B. The virus mutates rapidly, changing its outer coat. C. It takes two to three months to raise antibodies against the virus. D. The virus is transmitted sexually.

B

Which polymerase is used during translation? A. RNA polymerase B. None C. Both D. DNA polymerase

B

You are sorting cards with pictures of organisms and their descriptions into groups with similar organisms. You would place the card with an osprey and the description "organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms" with cards for other ______. A. photosynthesizers B. heterotrophs C. autotrophs D. producers

B

Cells use energy for which of the following? A. To expel waste B. To synthesize proteins C. All answers are correct. D. To move substances across membranes

C

During digestion _ emulsifies (breaks down) fats. A. Bicarbonate B. HCL C. Bile D. Pepsin

C

If you were using electrodes and chemical tests to find a resting neuron, you would look for a neuron in which _____. A. negatively charged proteins are outside of the cell. B. the inside of a neuron is positively charged as compared to the outside. C. potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside. D. sodium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside.

C

In several neurological diseases, axons lose their insulating myelin sheath. What is the consequence of this loss? A. Action potential transmission speeds up B. Nerve cells lose to much heat C. Action potential transmission slows down D. Nerve cells retain to much heat

C

The blood returning to the heart from the body enters into the ____ first, and is then pumped out towards the ____. A. Left Atrium, Body B. Right Atrium, Body C. Right Atrium, Lungs D. Left Atrium, Lungs

C

The blood vessel with the thickest walls are the ______. A. Alveoli B. Veins C. Arteries D. Blood vessels

C

Using the product rule, what is the probability that an offspring has the following genotype (Aa bb ff) when mom has genotype (Aa Bb ff) and dad has genotype (Aa bb Ff)? A. 1/2 B. 1/16 C. 1/8 D. 1/32

C

What molecule holds instructions for the synthesis of proteins and copies itself for the next generation of cells? A. ATP synthase B. NAD C. DNA D. RNA

C

When electrons are removed from a food molecule, the molecule is A. in equilibrium. B. reduced. C. oxidized. D. conducting an endergonic reaction.

C

If sequence "A" has a 37% A-T concentration and sequence "B" has a 21% A-T concentration. Which strand will require more energy to be separated? A. neither B. b C. a D. the same

C "A"

what is the enzyme that unwinds DNA

gyrase

What is the order of the digestive tract?

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

The polymers with the most complex and diverse three-dimensional structures are

proteins

A preparation that "teaches" the immune system to recognize a disease-causing agent without actually causing disease is termed a(n)

vaccination

In a reflex, the ________ receives the signal that your finger is too hot and sends the message to move the finger away from the stove. The ________ transfers the message to the finger.

SPINAL CORD, SPINAL CORD

the AV node sends a signal down the____

ventricle walls

hydrolysis uses ___ to break apart______ to release energy.

water and bonds

The first cell after fertilization is called a(n) ________.

zygote