Bio homeworks exam 1

Positive control

A group in which a known response is expected

Hypothesis

A proposed explanation for an observation or question

Time

Based on what happened with tobacco and, more recently climate change, which of the following is key to scientific consensus?

Ribosomes

One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by

May store hereditary information, may store energy, and may protect cells

Polymers that contain sugars

Independent variable

The one variable that is manipulated by a scientist as a potential cause in an experiment

Rich in energy and insoluble in water

The presence of many C-C and C-H bonds causes fats to be

Controlled experiment

The type of test that changes only one variable at a time in order to isolate the results

The amino acid sequence determines its function

What makes one protein capable of a different function than other proteins?

Mitochondria

Where in a cell is ATP made?

Nucleus

Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?

Control group

Establishes a base line for an experiment

A community with a large percentage of native americans

In which of the following places are doctors likely to see the highest percentage of young people dying of cirrhosis?

Controlled experiment

Involves running a test multiple times while changing one variable, leaving the others the same.

Dependent variable

The factor a scientist observes to see the effect of the change made

Glycerol

The highlighted part of this molecule is derived from

The most double bonds

The most unsaturated fats have

Is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils

The plant cell wall

Endocytosis

The plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell. This describes the process of

Single-blind experiment

The researchers--but not the participants--know who receives the treatment and who does not, to eliminate subjective bias

Active transport

The sodium-potassium pump uses energy from ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell, and potassium ions into the cell. This is an example of

Cytoskeleton

The structural framework in a cell is the

C atoms and double bonds in the tails

Triglycerides vary with respect to the number of

Through facilitated diffusion or diffusion

Water crosses the plasma membrane

Broad and comprehensive in scope, supported by a wide variety of evidence, and has withstood the test of time

What best describes a theory?

mRNA

What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?

They contain carbonyl groups

What do DNA, proteins, and fats have in common

Low solubility in water

What do fats, steroids, and waxes have in common?

The protein would be broken down into amino acids

What do you think might happen if you put a mixture of proteins and starch in a solution containing trypsin, an enzyme that breaks down proteins?

A primary source is the original material published by the scientists, whereas a secondary source is a description of the original material

What is the difference between a primary and a secondary source?

Plasma membrane

What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?

The larger the sample size, the better the statistical analysis

When reading a scientific paper, which of the following is most likely? - The larger the sample size, the better the statistical analysis - The larger the sample size, the worse the statistical analysis - Sample size has no impact on statistical analysis - The smaller the sample size, the better the statistical analysis

It was peer reviewed

When you read a scientific paper, which of the following is most critical to assure that the researchers followed scientific principles?

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Where are lipids made in the cell?

Binge drinking increases the risk of cirrhosis in young people

Which of the following appears most likely to be true? Binge drinking increases the risk of cirrhosis in young people Binge drinking does not increase the risk of cirrhosis in young people Binge drinking is the only cause of cirrhosis in young people Binge drinking has no effect on the liver in young people.

Testing a hypothesis using groups that differ only by the one variable under consideration

Which of the following best describes a hypothesis-driven controlled experiment?

The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy

Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?

Beliefs

Which of the following features would be useful in identifying pseudoscience?

Storing compounds produced by the cell

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole?

Lysosomes

Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles?

An obese man with an alcohol problem

Which of the following people is most likely to suffer from cirrhosis?

Ribosomes

Which of these sub-cellular structures is found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Mitochondrion

Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?

He has a yellow hue

You are a doctor seeing a patient. Which of the following would be most likely to lead you to think he has a problem with his liver?

The patient may be able to reverse the disease if she quits drinking

You are a gastroenterologist seeing a 37-year-old patient with alcohol-related cirrhosis. Which of the following is true?

Look for other, similar research

You read a news story with the headline "Eating Portobello Mushrooms Prevents Cancer." Which of the following would be best for you to do with that information? - Look for other, similar research - Tell your friends that eating portobello mushrooms cures cancer - Share the article on social media - Start eating copious amounts of portobello mushrooms

The intent of the handout is to convince the consumer to buy the diet pills

You see a display for a new diet pill in a grocery store. The display includes a stack of color-printed handouts claiming the average user of the product loses five pounds per week while taking the product. Which of the following would indicate that the handout is not a reliable source?

Central vacuoles; ribosomes

_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells

Glycerol; water

In fat synthesis, ________ and fatty acids combine to make fats plus ________

Hydroxyl; carboxyl

In the reaction that builds a fat, ________ groups react with ________ groups

Double-blind experiment

Neither the participants nor the researchers know who receives the treatment and who does not

Theory

Broader in scope than a hypothesis, is supported by a large body of evidence, and generates many new hypotheses.

Lysosome

Found in animal cells but not most plant cells

Researchers ask people how long they normally sleep every night. Researchers then determine if fewer hours of sleep at night is associated with an increased likelihood of being overweight

Which of the following is an example of an observational study? - Researchers ask people how long they normally sleep every night. Researchers then determine if fewer hours of sleep at night is associated with an increased likelihood of being overweight - Researchers interested in dog longevity establish two groups: in one group dogs receive a pharmaceutical drug, and in the other group, dogs receive a placebo. Researchers then measure the dogs' life spans - Researchers split people into three groups, and told one group to not exercise, one group to exercise 30 minutes a day, and one group to exercise 60 minutes a day. Researchers then determine if exercise affects the participant's lung capacities - Researchers modify rice seeds to be flood resistant. Then, they plant the new seeds in multiple fields; some fields receive normal water, and some fields are flooded for twice as long. Researchers then measure the growth of rice plants in both fields

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?

Any of the above are correct

Which of the following lists the steps of the process of science in correct order? - Observation, testing, communication, and outcomes - Observation, communications, testing, and outcomes - Observation, communication, outcomes, and testing - Any of the above are correct.

Yes. Nonpolar molecules aren't compatible with water

Dr. Haxton told one of his students, "To move in the bloodstream, fats need the help of phospholipids." What would a good student say?

Made the fat less fluid

A food company hydrogenated a barrel of fat. The treatment

Negative control

A group in which no response is expected

Facilitated diffusion

A molecule moves down its concentration gradient using a transport protein in the plasma membrane. This is an example of

Hypothesis

A proposed explanation for a set of observations. It leads to predictions that can be tested by additional observations or by experiments.

Current research on coffee

A study is published saying that eating broccoli disrupts sleep, while another study says that eating broccoli enhances sleep. Which of the following does this most resemble? - Current research on tobacco - Current research on climate change - Current research on gravity - Current research on coffee.

Do not tell participants or the researchers collecting data which group participants are in Give some participants the new drug and some participants a placebo drug

Clinical trials are controlled human experiments designed to determine if a medical intervention is effective or not. When researchers are designing the trial, several elements can help increase confidence in the answer. In a trial to determine if a new drug is effective, which of the following elements should be included for highest confidence in the results? Select all that apply. - Put all participants into the group receiving the new drug to maximize the number of people in that group - Do not tell participants or the researchers collecting data which group participants are in - Give participants younger than age 30 a placebo, and give participants older than age 30 the new drug - Inform participants if they are in a control group not receiving the drug, so they can find other treatments during the trial - Give some participants the new drug and some participants a placebo drug

Molecules move across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient

In active transport

Scientists use the word theory to mean a hypothesis that has been supported by many experiments; non-scientists use the word theory to mean a hypothesis that remains to be well tested

Evaluate the following statements; which statement is accurate? - Scientists use the word theory to mean a hypothesis that has been supported by many experiments; this is the same way non-scientists use the word theory - Scientists use the word theory in the same way that they use the word hypothesis; both mean a general idea that remains to be well tested - Scientists use the word theory to mean a hypothesis that has been supported by many experiments; non-scientists use the word theory to mean a hypothesis that remains to be well tested - Scientists use the word theory to mean a hypothesis that has not been tested many times; this is the same way non-scientists use the word theory

Nucleus

Found in both plant and animal cells

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Found in both plant and animal cells

Cell wall

Found in plant cells but not animal cells

Cholorplast

Found in plant cells but not animal cells

Plant cells contain a vacuole and have a cell wall; animal cells lack these structures

How can you tell an animal cell from a plant cell?

Scientific method

Scientists use a general process known as the ____________ to ask and answer questions about nature