Bio II - Ch. 8

The term binary fission is best applied to _____. Hint: Consider the meaning of "fission"within the context of cell division.

prokaryotes Prokaryotes (such as bacteria) reproduce by a type of cell division called binary fission. The term binary fission is best applied to prokaryotes.

What is different concerning the DNA in bacterial cells as opposed to eukaryotic cells? - the amount of DNA present - whether the DNA is housed in a nucleus or not - whether the DNA is linear or circular - all of the above are differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA

All of the above are appropriate answers: - the amount of DNA present - whether the DNA is housed in a nucleus or not - whether the DNA is linear or circular

Which of these cells is (are) haploid?

C and D Once meiosis I is completed, cells are haploid.

The first step of bacterial replication is _____.

DNA replication The DNA must be copied in order to proceed. The first step of bacterial replication is DNA replication.

A diploid organism whose somatic (nonsex) cells each contain 32 chromosomes produces gametes containing _____ chromosomes.

16 16 is half of 32. A diploid organism whose somatic (nonsex) cells each contain 32 chromosomes produces gametes containing 16 chromosomes.

Normal human gametes carry _____ chromosomes.

23 This is the number of chromosomes in a single set of human chromosomes. Normal human gametes carry 23 chromosomes.

What name is given to this process?

asexual reproduction A single individual is reproducing.

A cell replicates its entire chromosomal DNA only __________. Hint: Think about the time in the cell cycle when a cell would need two copies of each genetic material. Questions #5

before it is about to divide This ensures that genetic material can be appropriately distributed to each of the daughter cells. A cell replicates its entire chromosomal DNA only before it is about to divide.

Bacteria divide by:

binary fission Binary fission is the method used by bacteria to divide. Bacteria divide by binary fission.

Asexual and sexual reproduction differ in that sexual reproduction _____. Hint: Remember asexually reproducing organisms produce offspring that are more or less genetic replicas of the parent organisms. more or less.

can produce great variation among the offspring As long as there is some genetic variation in the parents, different offspring will inherit unique combinations of genes from each parent, creating variation among offspring. Asexual and sexual reproduction differ in that sexual reproduction can produce great variation among the offspring.

In bacterial cells, binary fission involves __________. Hint: Review Figure 8.2A to see the process of binary fission in bacterial cells.

distribution of a copy of the single parental chromosome to each daughter cell Prokaryotes reproduce by a type of cell division called binary fission, which involves replicating the single chromosome and distributing the copies equally to two daughter cells. In bacterial cells, binary fission involves distribution of a copy of the single parental chromosome to each daughter cell.

During asexual reproduction, yeast cells can produce _____. Hint: Consider the definition of asexual reproduction.

genetically identical offspring Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring. During asexual reproduction, yeast cells can produce genetically identical offspring.

Gametes are produced by _____.

meiosis Meiosis produces haploid gametes from a diploid parental cell.

During binary fission, each copy of the duplicating chromosome moves to opposite ends of the cell. What does this achieve? Hint: Think of what each daughter cell must obtain from the mother (undivided) cell.

It ensures that each daughter cell receives one copy of the chromosome. The separation of the duplicating chromosomes ensures that each daughter cell receives a chromosome.

Within one chromosome, what is the relationship between the sequence of bases in DNA of one sister chromatid compared to the other? Hint: Consider how the two sister chromatids are generated.

The sequences are identical. Except for the occurrence of rare mutations, this is always the case. Both sister chromatids come from replication of a single DNA molecule, which is present in the one chromatid before replication.