Bio lecture final

Which of the following methods of transport uses a coated pit to take in a specific type of molecule? passive transport receptor-mediated endocytosis osmosis exocytosis facilitated diffusion

receptor-mediated endocytosis

A coenzyme is defined as a nonprotein helper that works with an enzyme. another enzyme that assists an enzyme with a chemical reaction. another enzyme in the same biochemical pathway. a carbohydrate that assists an enzyme. a protein that is not an enzyme.

a nonprotein helper that works with an enzyme.

Which of the following are components of a good experimental design? does not allow an ability to predict possible outcomes tests other hypotheses instead of the specific hypothesis of the experiment designed so results will be meaningful cannot be replicated or reproduced by other scientists

designed so results will be meaningful

How many times must the Calvin cycle turn to yield a single molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)? 2 3 4 5 6

3

Which of the following is an example of simple diffusion? Salting meat serves as a preservative. Vegetables placed in fresh water firm up. A sugar cube dissolves in coffee. Strawberries placed in sugar become syrupy. Eating salty popcorn makes people's lips dry.

A sugar cube dissolves in coffee.

What two things are added to NADP+ to convert it into NADPH? H+ and electrons electrons and ATP H+ and ATP H+ and CO2 electrons and CO2

H+ and electrons

Replacement electrons for the reaction center of photosystem II are derived from H2O. NADP+. G3P. NADPH. CO2.

H2O.

Select the ultimate source of energy for nearly every organism on this planet. plants heat sun sugar

sun

Scientists rely on which of the following to make observations? sight hearing touch all answer choices are correct

all choices are correct

Energy to drive the formation of ATP in photosynthesis is derived from the H+ gradient. NADP+. G3P. NADPH. CO2.

the H+ gradient.

Which nitrogen-containing base is found in RNA but not in DNA? guanine thymine cytosine adenine uracil

uracil

Which one of the following is a potential danger of anabolic steroids? liver problems psychological disorders male breast development heart problems swelling of the testicles

liver problems psychological problems male breast development

Which of the following is involved in the breakdown of damaged organelles? smooth endoplasmic reticulum lysosome ribosome rough endoplasmic reticulum centrosome

lysosome

Cell size is limited because________ is critical to a cell's function. the number of microvilli the size of the nucleus cilia movement surface area to volume ratio

surface area to volume ratio

Cell size is limited because________ is critical to a cell's function. the number of microvilli the size of the nucleus cilia movement surface-area-to-volume ratio the ability to photosynthesize

surface-area-to-volume ratio

After drinking a great deal of coffee (pH 5), a human's blood buffering system would need to________ as the coffee was digested to lower the level of acid present in the blood stream. release OH- take up H+ release H+ take up OH- release H+ and take up OH-

take up H+

Once the substrate moves into the active site of the enzyme, the enzyme breaks the substrate into three products. the two molecules fuse together to form the product. the enzyme alters in shape to more closely fit the substrate. the substrate alters shape to more closely fit the active site. the substrate and enzyme both alter shape to fit together.

the enzyme alters in shape to more closely fit the substrate.

In the reaction C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O carbon dioxide is one of the reactants. products. enzymes. elements. ions.

products

The addition of electrons and hydrogen ions to a substrate is called what? reduction oxidation phosphorylation metabolism an enzyme-substrate complex

reduction

ATP synthase derives energy for the generation of ATP from the movement of hydrogen ions against their concentration gradient into the thylakoid space. the splitting of H2O, which releases electrons. solar energy captured by the light reactions changing the shape of the enzyme. electrons transferred from NADPH causing the enzyme to change shape. the movement of hydrogen ions down their concentration gradient from the thylakoid space to the stroma.

the movement of hydrogen ions down their concentration gradient from the thylakoid space to the stroma.

in which way are vesicles different from vacuoles? they are not made from membranes they are smaller vesicles are more specialized than vacuoles they are most often involved in storage they are primarily found in plant cells

they are smaller

The light-harvesting complexes of a chloroplast are located in the________; the enzymes of the Calvin cycle reactions are located in the________. thylakoid membrane; stroma stroma; thylakoid space thylakoid space; thylakoid membrane stroma; thylakoid membrane thylakoid space; stroma

thylakoid membrane; stroma

Which nitrogen-containing base is found in DNA but not in RNA? guanine thymine cytosine adenine uracil

thymine

The kidney of a dolphin is considered an organ because it is composed of different cells. tissues. organs. molecules. organelles.

tissues

Large molecules are made of repeating units called ___. monomers oligomers monomials linkages

monomers

Which of the following statement(s) is not a true statement with respect to scientific theory? Theories are accepted explanations for how the world works. The theory of evolution is considered the unifying concept in biology. Theories can help scientists generate new testable hypotheses. Theories are supported by many observations and experiments. All scientific theories are considered scientific principles or laws.

All scientific theories are considered scientific principles or laws.

Which of the following is a property of bases? Bases have a sharp or sour taste. Bases feel slippery when touched. Bases taste sweet. Bases release H+ when dissolved in a liquid. Bases have a pH reading below 7.0.

Bases feel slippery when touched.

Which of the following statements about basic solutions is true? Basic solutions have more of H+ than OH-. Basic solutions have a pH under 7. Basic solutions more OH- than H+. Basic solutions have equal concentrations of H+ and OH-.

Basic solutions more OH- than H+.

Which statement below is correct when comparing plant and animal cells? Plant cells only have a cell wall, and animal cells only have a plasma membrane. Plant cells only have a plasma membrane, and animal cells only have a cell wall. Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane, and plant cells also have a cell wall. Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane and a cell wall. Both plant and animal cells have a cell wall, but only animal cells have a plasma membrane.

Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane, and plant cells also have a cell wall.

Which of the following is an organic molecule? H2SO4 C5H10O5 Na2SO2 NH4+ BrO4-

C5H10O5

The three stages of the Calvin cycle reactions are NADPH reduction, CO2 fixation, and NADP+ regeneration. NADPH reduction, CO2 fixation, and RuBP regeneration. CO2 fixation, CO2 reduction, and RuBP regeneration. CO2 fixation, CO2 reduction, and NADP+ regeneration. CO2 reduction, NADPH reduction, and CO2 regeneration.

CO2 fixation, CO2 reduction, and RuBP regeneration.

DNA and RNA differ in that DNA is single-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen-containing base thymine; RNA is double-stranded and contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen-containing base uracil. DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen-containing base thymine; RNA is single-stranded and contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen-containing base uracil. DNA is single-stranded and contains the sugar ribose and the nitrogen-containing base thymine; RNA is single-stranded and contains sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen-containing base uracil.. DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar ribose and the nitrogen-containing base thymine; RNA is single-stranded and contains sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen-containing base uracil.

DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose and the nitrogen-containing base thymine; RNA is single-stranded and contains sugar ribose and the nitrogen-containing base uracil.

Which statement most accurately describes the second law of thermodynamics? Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy. One usable form of energy can be completely converted into another usable form. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another. Energy can be created or destroyed. Energy can be recycled within an ecosystem.

Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy.

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about extinction? Many extinctions are associated with climate change. It is estimated that presently we are losing hundreds of species every year due to human activities. It is estimated that as much as 27% of all species, including most primates, birds, and amphibians, may be in danger of extinction before the end of the century. Extinction is the death of a species or a larger taxonomic group. Scientists are not currently alarmed by the current rate of extinction which is unlikely to rival rates seen during the last 5 mass extinctions.

Scientists are not currently alarmed by the current rate of extinction which is unlikely to rival rates seen during the last 5 mass extinctions.

What do lemons, tomatoes, and coffee all have in common chemically? They all release OH- ions in solution, making them bases. They all release H+ ions in solution, making them acids. They all are fruits. They are all neutral in pH. They are all slippery to the touch.

They all release H+ ions in solution, making them acids.

Which of the following property of water explains why a wet glass slide sticks to laboratory counter? Water is a good solvent. Water is cohesive. Water has a high heat capacity. Water can alternate between solid, liquid, and gaseous states. Water is adhesive.

Water is adhesive.

The basic building block or subunit of many biological molecules is called a(n) quaternary structure. polymer. monomer. isomer. chain.

monomer

The principle role for sugars in living things is to form cell membranes. serve as a form of long-term energy storage. create our genetic code. serve as a form of immediate cellular energy. produce hormones.

serve as a form of immediate cellular energy.

Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a carrier protein in simple diffusion. facilitated diffusion. pinocytosis. active transport. phagocytosis.

simple diffusion

Which of the following correctly lists the order in which energy flows through an ecosystem? solar energy - mitochondria - chloroplast chloroplast - solar energy - mitochondria solar energy - chloroplast - mitochondria mitochondria - solar energy - chloroplast chloroplast - mitochondria - solar energy

solar energy - chloroplast - mitochondria

A small, low-growing plant found on the surface of a sun-exposed rock in a desert would most likely use which type of photosynthesis? CAM C3 C4 both C4 and CAM both C3 and CAM

CAM

Which of the following statements is correctly matched to the step of the scientific method? Biologists suggest that 2-3 cups of coffee per day can decrease death rates among women. (Theory) Adina set up mist nets to catch bats flying over a small stream. Each bat that was caught was weighed and sexed. (Observation) Yente watched butterflies feeding in a large field of wildflowers. She noticed that more butterflies approached the yellow and purple flowers than the red flowers. (Hypothesis) A researcher reported that red-foot tortoises preferred red-colored fruits and vegetables to those that were green or white. (Prediction) For a research project on test scores, Jayden divides students into two groups: the first group sleeps 8 hours a night, the second group sleeps 6 hours a night (Experimental design)

For a research project on test scores, Jayden divides students into two groups: the first group sleeps 8 hours a night, the second group sleeps 6 hours a night (Experimental design)

Which organelle modifies the contents within vesicles and then repackages them for export? smooth ER rough ER Golgi apparatus ribosomes plasma membrane

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following levels of biological organization is correctly matched with an example? a herd of llamas - community a lobster - organ system trees and fungi in a forest - organism a coral reef with various fish and seagrasses - population a tropical rain forest with rain, sunlight, trees, insects, and animals - ecosystem

a tropical rain forest with rain, sunlight, trees, insects, and animals - ecosystem

Many insects cannot see the color red, and as a result many insect-pollinated flowers are colors other than red (e.g., purple and yellow). Flower color would be considered a(n) method for maintaining homeostasis. way to maintain metabolism. adaption

adaptation

A gene is the code for assembling a sequence of amino acids. glucose molecules. fatty acids used in a fat. sugars. functional groups.

amino acids

What are the building blocks for proteins? carboxylic acids hydrochloric acids amino acids nucleic acids

amino acids

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both________, but are different in that mitochondria, but not chloroplasts,________. are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells are found in bacteria; are used to capture radiant energy and convert it into chemical energy are organelles involved in the production of proteins; are found in animal cells produce glucose needed for cellular processes; are found in plant cells are responsible for cell movements; help to produce the microtubules seen in cilia

are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells

In C4 plants, chloroplasts are located in mesophyll cells. the stomata. both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. bundle sheath cells. epidermal cells of the leaf.

both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.

Mitochondria are found in plant cells. animal cells only. both plant cells and animal cells. neither plant cells nor animal cells. animal cells and bacterial cells only.

both plant and animal cells

A(n)________ can be defined as a substance that keeps pH within established limits by taking up excess H+ or OH- in a solution. equalizer solute buffer acid base

buffer

The four main categories of organic macromolecules are monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. proteins, DNA, waxes, and sugars. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. RNA, DNA, steroids, and fats. lipids, starches, DNA, and protein.

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

A molecule is said to be organic if it contains double bonds. hydrogen bonds. carbon and hydrogen atoms. carbon and oxygen atoms. two or more atoms.

carbon and hydrogen atoms

Which of the following is true about ecosystems? nutrients are never recycled producers are a food source for decomposers but not consumers solar energy is required for photosynthesis energy continually cycles through an ecosystem chemicals constantly flow into and out of an ecosystem

chemicals constantly flow into and out of an ecosystem

Which of the following organelles contains thylakoids? nucleus chloroplast mitochondrion lysosomes ribosomes

chloroplast

Which of the following properties of water involve hydrogen bonds? Correct! cohesion Correct Answer high heat capacity Correct! surface tension polarity Correct Answer water expands as it freezes

cohesion high heat capacity surface tension water expands as it freezes

When populations of different types of organisms interact in a given area, they comprise a(n) ecosystem. population. community. biosphere. species.

community

The pH scale is a mathematical indicator of the concentration of H+ present in a solution. concentration of OH- present in a solution. total amount of all ions in a solution. the amount of buffer present in the solution. ability to dissolve ionicly bonded substances in water.

concentration of H+ present in a solution.

Plant cells have plasmodesmata that function in photosynthesis. are the sites of starch production. resemble the cytoskeleton of animal cells. take the place of the plasma membrane that would be found in animals. connect the cytoplasm of one cell with that of another

connect the cytoplasm of one cell to another

All cells have some characteristics in common; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA. a cell membrane and cytoplasm. a nucleus and a cell membrane. cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and a nucleus. DNA and a cell membrane.

cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA.

The responding variable of an experiment is called: Correct! Dependent Independent Experimental Control

dependent

An atom's valence electron shell is the first shell to circle the nucleus. determines its chemical reactivity. determines its atomic mass. is filled with positively charged particles. always contains 8 electrons.

determines its chemical reactivity.

Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it does not require the presence of an enzyme. requires energy from the cell. does not require energy from the cell. does not require control by the nucleus.

does not require energy from the cell.

Enzymes are usually named based on the substrate that they bind. This is possible because enzymes all have the same shape. each type of enzyme generally only binds one specific substrate. enzymes are used up in the reaction. an enzyme is only associated with one metabolic pathway. enzymes speed up the rate of a reaction.

each type of enzyme generally only binds one specific substrate.

A covalent bond occurs when protons are transferred from one atom to another. neutrons are shared between two atoms to form an isotope. electrons are shared between two atoms to complete their valence shells. the hydrogen of one water molecule is attracted to the oxygen of another water molecule. electrons are transferred from one atom to another. A covalent bond results when two atoms share electrons in order to complete their valence shell. A covalent bond results when two atoms share electrons in order to complete their valence shell.

electrons are shared between two atoms to complete their valence shells.

Metabolic pathways, which are facilitated by________ begin with a particular________ and terminate with an end________. enzymes; reactant; product reactants; enzyme; product products; enzyme; reactant enzymes; product; reactant product; enzyme; substrate

enzymes; reactant; product

Which of the following is considered the unifying concept of biology because it explains almost every aspect of life, including the diversity of life on this planet? evolution structure and function of cells homeostasis heredity metabolism

evolution

What function do the carrier proteins embedded in the cell membrane serve? simple diffusion facilitated diffusion endocytosis exocytosis osmosis

facilitated diffusion endocytosis

Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15. How many valence shell electrons does it have? one two three five six

five

The purpose of a control group in an experiment is to prove the hypothesis. for comparison to the experimental group. for comparison to the results of other experiments. to prove the prediction. to control the dependent variable.

for comparison to the experimental group. for comparison to the results of other experiments. to prove the prediction.

In a redox reaction, reduction means________, and oxidation means________. loss of electrons; gain of electrons gain of water; loss of water gain of electrons; loss of electrons loss of water; gain of water gain of protons; loss of protons

gain of electrons; loss of electrons

A plant that uses CAM photosynthesis is most likely to be successful in what type of environment? cool, moist hot, moist cool, dry hot, dry semi-tropical

hot,dry

When water changes from a liquid to a gas hydrogen bonds are broken between neighboring water molecules. covalent bonds are broken between oxygen and hydrogen atoms. ionic bonds are broken when the minerals in water are heated. the bond between one water molecule and another becomes stronger. the hydrogen atoms break away from the oxygen and escape as vapor.

hydrogen bonds are broken between neighboring water molecules.

If a material mixes readily with water, it is identified as hydrated. hydrophobic. saturated. hydrophilic. insoluble.

hydrophillic

The type of bond that would form from the transfer of an electron from one atom to another is a(n)________ bond. covalent ionic hydrogen atomic isotopic

ionic

Technology is separate from science. has no role in helping us understand the natural world. is the application of scientific knowledge to human interests. will ultimately solve all critical challenges faced by science. is the same thing as science.

is the application of scientific knowledge to human interests.

Energy of activation is the energy required for molecules to react with each other. requires the use of enzymes. allows for feedback inhibition. acts on the products of metabolic reactions. is a measure of the amount of solar radiation striking a leaf surface.

is the energy required for molecules to react with each other.

If the concentration of the solute is the same in the cell as it is in the surrounding solution, the cell is in a(n)________ environment. isotonic hypertonic hypotonic osmotonic saturated

isotonic

Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell lacks organelles beyond ribosomes. is larger. does not require energy. is not living. has no method of movement.

lacks organelles beyond ribosomes.

When you eat a salad, which one of the following components will pass through the body with the least amount of digestion? dressing croutons lettuce egg bacon bits

lettuce

Cells need buffering agents in order to speed up chemical reactions. carry out life functions in extremely acidic conditions. minimize the changes in pH of their internal environment. help transfer electrons from one atom to another. increase the amount of OH- in their surroundings.

minimize the changes in pH of their internal environment

The process of________ leads to organisms that are________ that environment. natural selection; adapted to adaption; evolved for homeostasis; suited to natural selection; perfect for adaptation; only found in

natural selection; adapted to

The subatomic particles that are found within the nucleus of an atom are the protons and electrons. neutrons and protons. electrons only. protons only.

neutrons and protons.

Which of the following correctly lists the parts of a nucleotide of RNA? nitrogen-containing base, deoxyribose, phosphate sulfur-containing base, ribose, phosphate nitrogen-containing base, ribose, phosphate nitrogen-containing base, ribose, sulfur amino acid, glycerol, nitrogen-containing base

nitrogen-containing base, ribose, phosphate

A saturated fat has no double bonds. more than one double bond. only one double bond. many omega-3 fatty acids. long protein chains.

no double bonds

Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order? observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion hypothesis, observation, experiment, conclusion, predictions conclusion, hypothesis, observation, experiment, predictions observation, experiment, hypothesis, conclusion, prediction prediction, conclusion, hypothesis, experiment, observation

observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion

CAM photosynthesis limits CO2 fixation to night-time hours in order to allow water to enter leaf spaces during the daylight hours. open stomata only at night, limiting water loss because of heat and low humidity. allow NADPH and ATP to enter leaf spaces. limit the Calvin cycle reactions to night-time only. limit water uptake from the soil during daytime hours.

open stomata only at night, limiting water loss because of heat and low humidity.

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological organization from most complex to simplest? cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, organism organism, organ system, organs, tissues, cells tissues, organs, organ systems, organism, cells cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism organ systems, tissues, cells, organism, organs

organism, organ system, organs, tissues, cells

What process allows water to move across a cell membrane? osmosis active transport phagocytosis facilitated diffusion passive transport

osmosis

Which of the following is a by-product of photosynthesis that is used during cellular respiration? oxygen NADH carbon dioxide ATP FADH2

oxygen

The nucleus has a double membrane that encloses the DNA. Inside the nucleus, the DNA acts as the template to produce mRNA and ribosomes. To exit the nucleus, these molecules must use enzymes that digest phospholipids in order to create a small hole in the membrane. pass through carrier proteins which use ATP to transport the molecules. attach to carrier molecules that carry them through the membrane. pass through pores that span both membranes. be transported across the two membranes by means of vesicles.

pass through pores that span both membranes. be transported across the two membranes by means of vesicles.

What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell? ribosome nucleus plasma membrane lysosome vacuole

plasma membrane

Plant cells are connected to one another by plasmodesmata. fimbriae. centrioles. cytoskeleton. pili.

plasmodesmata.

Organisms that transform solar energy into chemical energy are called carnivores. consumers. decomposers. producers. transformers.

producers

Which of the following is an accepted explanation for how the world works? observation scientific theory hypothesis none of the answer choices are correct

scientific theory

During photosynthesis,________ is oxidized, while________ is reduced. water; carbon dioxide carbon dioxide; water carbohydrate; carbon dioxide carbon dioxide; carbohydrate carbon dioxide; oxygen

water; carbon dioxide